RESUMO
Innate immunity is one of the main protection mechanisms against viral infections, but how this system works at the maternal-fetal interface, especially during HIV infection, is still poorly known. In this study, we investigated the relationship between pregnancy and innate mechanisms associated with HIV immunity by evaluating the expression of DAMPs, inflammasome components and type I/III IFNs in placenta and serum samples from HIV-infected mothers and exposed newborns. Our results showed that most of these factors, including HMGB1, IL-1, and IFN, were increased in placental villi from HIV-infected mothers. Curiously, however, these factors were simultaneously repressed in serum from HIV-infected mothers and their exposed newborns, suggesting that pregnancy could restrict HIV immune activation systemically but preserve the immune response at the placental level. An effective local antiviral status associated with a suppressed inflammatory environment can balance the maternal immune response, promoting homeostasis for fetal development and protection against HIV infection in neonates.
Assuntos
Alarminas/metabolismo , Infecções por HIV/imunologia , HIV/imunologia , Imunidade Inata , Transmissão Vertical de Doenças Infecciosas/prevenção & controle , Mediadores da Inflamação/metabolismo , Placenta/imunologia , Adolescente , Adulto , Alarminas/genética , Brasil , Feminino , Sangue Fetal/imunologia , Sangue Fetal/virologia , HIV/patogenicidade , Infecções por HIV/diagnóstico , Infecções por HIV/virologia , Proteína HMGB1/metabolismo , Interações Hospedeiro-Patógeno , Humanos , Recém-Nascido , Interferons/metabolismo , Interleucina-1/metabolismo , Mães , Placenta/metabolismo , Placenta/virologia , Gravidez , Regulação para Cima , Adulto JovemRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Coagulation disorders contribute to the development of livedoid vasculopathy (LV). Elevated plasma levels of lipoprotein(a) [Lp(a)] are an independent risk factor for the development of cardiovascular disease and associated with hypercoagulable states. Increased serum Lp(a) levels have been reported in patients with LV and may have an important role in the pathogenesis of LV. OBJECTIVES: To investigate Lp(a) expression in skin lesions and circulating serum Lp(a) levels in patients with LV. METHODS: Skin biopsy samples from 38 patients (27 women and 11 men) with active lesions diagnosed as LV and 9 samples of normal skin (5 women and 4 men) from control patients without LV were evaluated for skin expression of Lp(a) by immunohistochemistry. Plasma levels of Lp(a) were analyzed by immunoturbidimetry. RESULTS: We found that lesional skin in patients with LV expressed 10-fold higher Lp(a) immunostaining than controls. High plasma levels of Lp(a) were observed in LV patients. We did not find a correlation (P = .02) between expression of Lp(a) in the skin and plasma levels of Lp(a) in patients with LV. CONCLUSIONS: Increased Lp(a) expression in lesional skin of LV patients suggests the role of Lp(a) in the thrombo-occlusive vasculopathy observed in this disease.
Assuntos
Úlcera da Perna/patologia , Lipoproteína(a)/sangue , Livedo Reticular/sangue , Dermatopatias/patologia , Pele/metabolismo , Trombofilia/fisiopatologia , Adolescente , Adulto , Feminino , Humanos , Úlcera da Perna/complicações , Lipoproteína(a)/metabolismo , Livedo Reticular/complicações , Livedo Reticular/metabolismo , Livedo Reticular/patologia , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Pele/patologia , Dermatopatias/metabolismo , Trombofilia/metabolismo , Doenças Vasculares , Adulto JovemRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Vulvo-cervico-vaginal involvement has rarely been reported in pemphigus vulgaris (PV) and has not been reported in pemphigus foliaceus (PF). OBJECTIVES: We sought to evaluate genital lesions and Papanicolaou (Pap) smears in female patients with PV and PF. METHODS: This prospective study includes all consecutive cases of female patients with PV and PF seen from May 2009 to February 2010. Gynecologic examination was performed and Pap smears were collected for cytologic analysis from each patient. RESULTS: A total of 56 patients were given a diagnosis of pemphigus (41 PV and 15 PF). Genital involvement was observed in 9 patients with PV (22%) and the vulva was the most common genital site of involvement. Of these 9 patients, 8 presented with active skin/mucous lesions. Four of 15 patients with PF had genital lesions and vulva was the exclusive site of involvement. Three of 4 patients with PF and genital involvement also showed active cutaneous lesions. Six of 56 patients (5 PV and 1 PF) presented with atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance in Pap smear analysis. Upon further pathologic review, acantholytic cells were seen, confirming the diagnosis of pemphigus. LIMITATIONS: A small number of PF cases were studied. CONCLUSIONS: Vulvar lesions were the second most frequent site of mucous membrane PV. Herein we report the first case to our knowledge of symptomatic genital lesions in a patient with PF. Moreover, acantholytic cells in Pap smears were found in a patient with PF who was in complete remission off therapy with no clinical genital lesions and no circulating anti-desmoglein-1 and anti-desmoglein-3 autoantibodies. Gynecologic evaluation in patients with pemphigus, including a careful evaluation of Pap smears, should be recommended.
Assuntos
Doenças dos Genitais Femininos/etiologia , Pênfigo/complicações , Adulto , Idoso , Feminino , Doenças dos Genitais Femininos/patologia , Humanos , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Teste de Papanicolaou , Pênfigo/patologia , Estudos Prospectivos , Doenças do Colo do Útero/etiologia , Doenças Vaginais/etiologia , Esfregaço Vaginal , Doenças da Vulva/etiologia , Adulto JovemRESUMO
INTRODUCTION: The differential diagnosis of B-cell lymphoproliferative processes remains a challenge for pathologists, dermatologists and oncologists, despite advances in histology, immunohistochemistry and molecular biology. OBJECTIVE: Evaluate aid and limitations of clonality analysis in the diagnosis of primary cutaneous B-cell lymphomas and B-cell pseudolymphomas. METHODS: This study included 29 cases of B-cell lymphoproliferative processes classified as primary cutaneous B-cell lymphomas (13), B-cell pseudolymphomas (6) and inconclusive cases (10) using histology and immunohistochemistry. The clonality analysis was performed by polymerase chain reaction analysis of immunoglobulin light chain and heavy chain rearrangements. RESULTS: DNA quality was shown to be generally poor; eight samples were inadequate for polymerase chain reaction analysis. The results showed monoclonality in eight of the primary cutaneous B-cell lymphomas and polyclonality in four of the B-cell pseudolymphomas. In addition, monoclonality was shown in two of the inconclusive cases by histology and immunohistochemistry, demonstrating the utility of polymerase chain reaction as an ancillary diagnostic tool for primary cutaneous B-cell lymphomas. DISCUSSION: The low quality DNA extracted from these cases demanded the use of an IgH protocol that yielded small fragments and IgK. Both methods used together improved detection. CONCLUSION: Use of the two protocols, immunoglobulin heavy chain FR3-trad and immunoglobulin light chain-Kappa Biomed protocols for clonality analysis improved diagnostic accuracy.
Assuntos
Linfoma de Células B/patologia , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase/métodos , Pseudolinfoma/patologia , Dermatopatias/patologia , Neoplasias Cutâneas/patologia , Diagnóstico Diferencial , Humanos , Cadeias Pesadas de Imunoglobulinas/genética , Cadeias kappa de Imunoglobulina/genética , Imuno-Histoquímica , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase/normasRESUMO
Introduction: The differential diagnosis of B-cell lymphoproliferative processes remains a challenge for pathologists, dermatologists and oncologists, despite advances in histology, immunohistochemistry and molecular biology. Objective: Evaluate aid and limitations of clonality analysis in the diagnosis of primary cutaneous B-cell lymphomas and B-cell pseudolymphomas. Methods: This study included 29 cases of B-cell lymphoproliferative processes classified as primary cutaneous B-cell lymphomas (13), B-cell pseudolymphomas (6) and inconclusive cases (10) using histology and immunohistochemistry. The clonality analysis was performed by polymerase chain reaction analysis of immunoglobulin light chain and heavy chain rearrangements. Results: DNA quality was shown to be generally poor; eight samples were inadequate for polymerase chain reaction analysis. The results showed monoclonality in eight of the primary cutaneous B-cell lymphomas and polyclonality in four of the B-cell pseudolymphomas. In addition, monoclonality was shown in two of the inconclusive cases by histology and immunohistochemistry, demonstrating the utility of polymerase chain reaction as an ancillary diagnostic tool for primary cutaneous B-cell lymphomas. Discussion: The low quality DNA extracted from these cases demanded the use of an IgH protocol that yielded small fragments and IgK. Both methods used together improved detection. Conclusion: Use of the two protocols, immunoglobulin heavy chain FR3-trad and immunoglobulin light chain-Kappa Biomed protocols for clonality analysis improved diagnostic accuracy.
Assuntos
Humanos , Linfoma de Células B/patologia , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase/métodos , Pseudolinfoma/patologia , Dermatopatias/patologia , Neoplasias Cutâneas/patologia , Diagnóstico Diferencial , Imuno-Histoquímica , Cadeias Pesadas de Imunoglobulinas/genética , Cadeias kappa de Imunoglobulina/genética , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase/normasRESUMO
O mecanismo de interação entre o Mycobacterium leprae e as células neurais não está esclarecido até o momento. Não há interpretação satisfatória do tropismo da bactéria ao sistema nervoso periférico, em particular. O presente estudo é uma revisão da microfisiologia da estrutura do aparelho extracelular, ligado às células de Schwann, assim como a descrição das unidades morfológicas, provavelmente envolvidas no processo de ligação à parede celular da bactéria.
The mechanism of interaction between Mycobacterium leprae and neural cells has not been elucidated so far. No satisfactory interpretation exists as to the bacterium tropism to the peripheral nervous system in particular. The present study is a review of the micro-physiology of the extracellular apparatus attached to Schwann cells, as well as on the description of morphological units probably involved in the process of the binding to the bacterial wall.
Assuntos
Humanos , Hanseníase/complicações , Hanseníase/microbiologia , Doenças do Sistema Nervoso Periférico/microbiologiaRESUMO
The mechanism of interaction between Mycobacterium leprae and neural cells has not been elucidated so far. No satisfactory interpretation exists as to the bacterium tropism to the peripheral nervous system in particular. The present study is a review of the micro-physiology of the extracellular apparatus attached to Schwann cells, as well as on the description of morphological units probably involved in the process of the binding to the bacterial wall.
Assuntos
Hanseníase/complicações , Hanseníase/microbiologia , Doenças do Sistema Nervoso Periférico/microbiologia , HumanosRESUMO
INTRODUCTION: Perineural invasion is a well-recognized form of cancer dissemination. However, it has been reported only in few papers concerning cutaneous carcinomas (basal cell, BCC, and squamous cell, SCC). Moreover, the incidence is considered to be very low. Niazi and Lambert [Br J Plast Surg 1993;46:156-157] reported only 0.18% of perineural invasion among 3,355 BCCs. It is associated with high-risk subtypes, as morphea-like, as well as with an increased risk of local recurrence. No paper was found in the literature looking for perineural invasion in very aggressive skin cancers with skull base extension, with immunohistochemical analysis. METHODS: This is a retrospective review, including 35 very advanced skin carcinomas with skull base invasion (24 BCCs and 11 SCCs, operated on at a single institution from 1982 to 2000). Representative slides were immunohistochemically evaluated with antiprotein S-100, in order to enhance nerve fibers and to detect perineural invasion. The results were compared to 34 controls with tumors with a good outcome, treated in the same time frame at the same Institution. RESULTS: Twelve (50.0%) of the BCCs with skull base invasion had proven perineural invasion, as opposed to only 1 (4.6%) of the controls, and this difference was statistically significant (p < 0.001). Regarding SCCs, 7 aggressive tumors (63.6%) showed perineural invasion compared to only 1 (10.0%) of the controls, but this difference did not reach significance (p = 0.08), due to the small number of cases. CONCLUSIONS: In this series, it was demonstrated that immunohistochemically detected perineural invasion was very prevalent in advanced skin carcinomas. In addition, it was statistically associated with extremely aggressive BCCs with skull base invasion.
Assuntos
Carcinoma Basocelular/patologia , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/patologia , Neoplasias de Cabeça e Pescoço/patologia , Neoplasias Cutâneas/patologia , Base do Crânio/inervação , Base do Crânio/patologia , Humanos , Imuno-Histoquímica , Invasividade Neoplásica , Fibras Nervosas/metabolismo , Fibras Nervosas/patologia , Estudos Retrospectivos , Proteínas S100/metabolismo , Índice de Gravidade de DoençaRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To examine the epidermis in induced phytophotodermatitis using transmission electron microscopy in order to detect histologic changes even before lesions are visible by light microscopy. INTRODUCTION: In the first six hours after the experimental induction of phytophotodermatitis, no changes are detectable by light microscopy. Only after 24 hours can keratinocyte necrosis and epidermal vacuolization be detected histologically, and blisters form by 48 hours. METHODS: The dorsum of four adult rats (Rattus norvegicus) was manually epilated. After painting the right half of the rat with the peel juice of Tahiti lemon, they were exposed to sunlight for eight minutes under general anesthesia. The left side was used as the control and exposed to sunlight only. Biopsies were performed immediately after photoinduction and one and two hours later, and the tissue was analyzed by transmission electron microscopy. RESULTS: No histological changes were seen on the control side. Immediately after induction, vacuolization in keratinocytes was observed. After one hour, desmosomal changes were also observed in addition to vacuolization. Keratin filaments were not attached to the desmosomal plaque. Free desmosomes and membrane ruptures were also seen. At two hours after induction, similar changes were found, and granular degeneration of keratin was also observed. DISCUSSION: The interaction of sunlight and psoralens generates a photoproduct that damages keratinocyte proteins, leading to keratinocyte necrosis and blister formation. CONCLUSIONS: Transmission electron microscopy can detect vacuolization, lesions of the membrane, and desmosomes in the first two hours after experimental induction of phytophotodermatitis.
Assuntos
Dermatite Fototóxica/patologia , Desmossomos/ultraestrutura , Epiderme/ultraestrutura , Microscopia Eletrônica de Transmissão/normas , Animais , Vesícula/induzido quimicamente , Vesícula/patologia , Citrus , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Eritema/induzido quimicamente , Eritema/patologia , Frutas , Necrose/induzido quimicamente , Necrose/patologia , RatosRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To examine the epidermis in induced phytophotodermatitis using transmission electron microscopy in order to detect histologic changes even before lesions are visible by light microscopy. INTRODUCTION: In the first six hours after the experimental induction of phytophotodermatitis, no changes are detectable by light microscopy. Only after 24 hours can keratinocyte necrosis and epidermal vacuolization be detected histologically, and blisters form by 48 hours. METHODS: The dorsum of four adult rats (Rattus norvegicus) was manually epilated. After painting the right half of the rat with the peel juice of Tahiti lemon, they were exposed to sunlight for eight minutes under general anesthesia. The left side was used as the control and exposed to sunlight only. Biopsies were performed immediately after photoinduction and one and two hours later, and the tissue was analyzed by transmission electron microscopy. RESULTS: No histological changes were seen on the control side. Immediately after induction, vacuolization in keratinocytes was observed. After one hour, desmosomal changes were also observed in addition to vacuolization. Keratin filaments were not attached to the desmosomal plaque. Free desmosomes and membrane ruptures were also seen. At two hours after induction, similar changes were found, and granular degeneration of keratin was also observed. DISCUSSION: The interaction of sunlight and psoralens generates a photoproduct that damages keratinocyte proteins, leading to keratinocyte necrosis and blister formation. CONCLUSIONS: Transmission electron microscopy can detect vacuolization, lesions of the membrane, and desmosomes in the first two hours after experimental induction of phytophotodermatitis.
Assuntos
Animais , Ratos , Dermatite Fototóxica/patologia , Desmossomos/ultraestrutura , Epiderme/ultraestrutura , Microscopia Eletrônica de Transmissão/normas , Vesícula/induzido quimicamente , Vesícula/patologia , Citrus , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Eritema/induzido quimicamente , Eritema/patologia , Frutas , Necrose/induzido quimicamente , Necrose/patologiaRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Some skin carcinomas may be very aggressive. Increased expression of the protein p53 has been associated with tumor aggressiveness. In this study, p53 expression was evaluated in basal cell carcinomas (BCC) and squamous cell carcinomas (SCC) with skull base invasion, and was compared to tumors with good outcome. STUDY DESIGN AND SETTING: Expression of p53 was immunohistochemically analyzed and it was reported as present or absent in 24 BCC and 11 SCC with skull base invasion. Control group (good outcome) included 23 BCC and 10 SCC. RESULTS: Expression of p53 was noted in 70.83% of BCC with skull base invasion, compared to 43.48% in the control group (P = 0.058). Regarding SCC, p53 positivity was noted in only 9.09% of SCC with skull base invasion, compared to 40.00% in the control group (P = 0.149). CONCLUSIONS: In this study, p53 expression was more common among BCC with skull base invasion, compared to controls with good outcome, and the difference was considered marginally significant. This proportion was reversed in SCC, but the difference was not statistically significant. EBM RATING: B-3b.
Assuntos
Carcinoma Basocelular/patologia , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/patologia , Neoplasias de Cabeça e Pescoço/patologia , Neoplasias Cutâneas/patologia , Neoplasias da Base do Crânio/patologia , Proteína Supressora de Tumor p53/análise , Carcinoma Basocelular/secundário , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/secundário , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Intervalo Livre de Doença , Feminino , Seguimentos , Humanos , Imuno-Histoquímica , Metástase Linfática/patologia , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Invasividade Neoplásica , Recidiva Local de Neoplasia/patologia , Prognóstico , Estudos Retrospectivos , Taxa de SobrevidaRESUMO
Some skin carcinomas may be very aggressive. Breached of basement membrane (BM) has been in some situations associated with tumor aggressiveness. In this study, the status of BM in invasion was evaluated in basal cell carcinomas (BCCs) and squamous cell carcinomas (SCCs) with skull base invasion, and it was compared with tumor's good outcome. Integrity or breached of BM was visualized using immunohistochemistry technique with anti-type IV collagen antibody. The pattern of BM was classified as intact, breached, or absent in 24 BCCs and 11 SCCs with skull base invasion. Control group (good outcome) included 23 BCCs and 10 SCCs. Breached BM and absence of BM were respectively noted in 33.33% and 45.83% of BCCs with skull base invasion, compared with 8.33% and 17.395% in the control group ( P < .001). Regarding SCCs, ruptured and absent BMs were, respectively, noted in 36.36% and 63.64% of BCCs with skull base invasion, compared with 30% and 30% in the control group ( P = .075). In this study, destruction of BM was significantly more common in BCCs with skull base invasion, in comparison with those with good outcome. In SCC, this difference was not statistically significant.
Assuntos
Membrana Basal/patologia , Carcinoma Basocelular/secundário , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/secundário , Neoplasias Cutâneas/patologia , Neoplasias da Base do Crânio/patologia , Base do Crânio/patologia , Membrana Basal/metabolismo , Biomarcadores Tumorais/metabolismo , Carcinoma Basocelular/metabolismo , Carcinoma Basocelular/terapia , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/metabolismo , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/terapia , Colágeno Tipo IV/metabolismo , Terapia Combinada , Neoplasias de Cabeça e Pescoço/patologia , Humanos , Imuno-Histoquímica , Invasividade Neoplásica , Estudos Retrospectivos , Método Simples-Cego , Neoplasias Cutâneas/metabolismo , Neoplasias Cutâneas/terapia , Neoplasias da Base do Crânio/metabolismo , Neoplasias da Base do Crânio/terapiaRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Some skin carcinomas may be very aggressive. Intensity of angiogenesis, measured by intratumoral vessel density using expression of CD34, has been associated with tumor aggressiveness. In this study, the expression of CD34 in basal cell carcinomas ( BCCs) and squamous cell carcinomas (SCCs) with skull base invasion was compared with that in tumors with good outcome. METHODS: Expression of CD34 was graded as mild, moderate, and intense, in 24 BCCs and 11 SCCs with skull base invasion. The control group included 23 BCCs and 10 SCCs. RESULTS: Intense expression of CD34 was noted in 25.00% of BCCs with skull base invasion, compared with 4.35% in the control group (p =.058). Regarding SCCs, intense expression of CD34 was found in 54.55% of aggressive tumors, compared with 10.00% in the control group (p =.133). CONCLUSIONS: A trend toward denser microvascular angiogenesis was observed in both BCCs and SCCs with skull base invasion compared with less aggressive controls.
Assuntos
Neoplasias Encefálicas/secundário , Carcinoma Basocelular/secundário , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/secundário , Invasividade Neoplásica/patologia , Neovascularização Patológica/patologia , Neoplasias Cutâneas/patologia , Biópsia por Agulha , Neoplasias Encefálicas/patologia , Carcinoma Basocelular/patologia , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/patologia , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Feminino , Humanos , Imuno-Histoquímica , Masculino , Prognóstico , Valores de Referência , Estudos Retrospectivos , Medição de Risco , Base do CrânioRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Actinic cheilitis (AC) is a widely recognized precancerous lesion of the lip. Varying degrees of epithelial dysplasia may be present. However, no studies have correlated epithelial changes with cytokeratin expression that might reflect the disordered maturation that is probably occurring. METHODS: Thirty-four cases diagnosed as AC were classified according to dysplasia degree, and submitted to immunohistochemical staining for the detection of cytokeratins (CKs) 7, 8, 13, 14, 16 and 19. Normal mucosa adjacent to the lesions was also evaluated. RESULTS: The results obtained showed that CK10 immunostained only superficial keratinized epithelial layers in 11 cases, and also intermediate spinous layers in 18 cases. Cytokeratin 14 was expressed in all epithelial layers of 31 cases, in two cases its expression was in the basal and intermediate layers, and one case was negative. Cytokeratin 13 immunostained 26 cases and was negative in eight cases. In these eight cases, CK13 was apparently replaced by CK16. Cytokeratin 16, besides these eight cases, was also expressed in the spinous intermediate layers of a further eight cases. The remaining CKs tested were all negative. No relation between the degree of dysplasia and the CK expression was noted. CONCLUSIONS: Cytokeratin expression in AC is different from that of normal oral mucosa, and is not related to the degree of dysplasia.
Assuntos
Queilite/metabolismo , Queratinas/metabolismo , Neoplasias Labiais/metabolismo , Transtornos de Fotossensibilidade/metabolismo , Lesões Pré-Cancerosas/metabolismo , Luz Solar , Adulto , Idoso , Queilite/classificação , Queilite/patologia , Feminino , Humanos , Imuno-Histoquímica , Neoplasias Labiais/patologia , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Transtornos de Fotossensibilidade/patologia , Lesões Pré-Cancerosas/classificação , Lesões Pré-Cancerosas/patologia , Luz Solar/efeitos adversosRESUMO
Osteoma cutis (OC) is a rare disorder characterized by compact bone formation in the dermis and subcutaneous tissue. It is classified in primary and secondary forms according to the presence or absence of previous cutaneous lesions. Miliary osteoma of the face (MOF) is a form of primary OC that generally occurs in middle-aged and older adult women. We report 3 cases of typical MOF and one additional case in a black patient, which to our knowledge has not been described previously.
Assuntos
Dermatoses Faciais/patologia , Osteoma/patologia , Neoplasias Cutâneas/patologia , Idoso , Feminino , Humanos , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Ossificação Heterotópica/patologiaRESUMO
Malignant fibrous histiocytoma is a rare tumor in children, and its responsible for 2 to 6 percent of pediatric sarcomas. The authors report the case of a child who developed soft tissue malignant fibrous histiocytoma, as well as several fibrous histiocytic skin lesions, following treatment for WilmsÆ tumor patients has been improving very much over the last years because of successful treatment with chemo- and radiotherapy. A small proportion of these cases present a risk of developing a second neoplasm; genetic traits may enhance this risk. The authors discuss in this study those fibrous histiocytic lesions and the use of electron microscopy for definitive diagnosis. The authors conclude that follow-up of these patients treated for WilmsÆ tumor is of great importance for early detection of another neoplasm.
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Criança , Adulto , Histiocitoma Fibroso Benigno , Tratamento Farmacológico , Histiocitoma Fibroso Benigno , Microscopia Eletrônica , Radioterapia , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
Os superantígenos säo moléculas de origem microbiana, bacteriana (toxinas) ou viral, que, por meio do complexo maior de histocompatibilidade, estimulam as células T por ligaçäo direta aos receptores de células T (porçäo v-beta). Diferem dos demais antígenos por sua intensa seletividade e capacidade de estimular linfócitos T mediante mecanismos independentes do processamento antigênico intracelular por células apresentadoras de antígenos. Têm sido apontados como fatores de importância na etiopatogenia de enfermidades dematológicas, principalmente as toxinas bacterianas (Staphylococcus e Streptococcus). Os superantígenos podem levar à liberaçäo massiva de linfocinas e chegam a ativar até cerca de 30 porcento dos linfócitos periféricos. Acredita-se que os superantígenos possam exercer papel importante na induçäo e exacerbaçäo das doenças inflamatórias.
Assuntos
Dermatite Atópica/imunologia , Complexo Principal de Histocompatibilidade/imunologia , Psoríase/imunologia , Staphylococcus aureus/patogenicidade , Superantígenos/imunologia , Linfócitos T/imunologia , Dermatopatias/etiologia , Dermatopatias/microbiologiaRESUMO
Sao registrados tres casos de feo-hifomicose subcutanea em transplantados renais provocados pela Exophiala jeanselmei (Langeron) McGinnis et Padhye 1977, fungo demacio capaz, tambem, de produzir raramente eumicetoma de graos pretos. Este fungo, segundo KWON-CHUNG&BENNETT, 1992 e antigenicamente muito heterogeneo, sendo identificados ate o presente momento tres sorotipos com subgrupos dentro de cada um deles....