RESUMO

Empathy is a complex and multifaceted phenomenon that plays a crucial role in human social interactions. Recent developments in social neuroscience have provided valuable insights into the neural underpinnings and bodily mechanisms underlying empathy. This methodology often prioritizes precision, replicability, internal validity, and confound control. However, fully understanding the complexity of empathy seems unattainable by solely relying on artificial and controlled laboratory settings, while overlooking a comprehensive view of empathy through an ecological experimental approach. In this article, we propose articulating an integrative theoretical and methodological framework based on the 5E approach (the "E"s stand for embodied, embedded, enacted, emotional, and extended perspectives of empathy), highlighting the relevance of studying empathy as an active interaction between embodied agents, embedded in a shared real-world environment. In addition, we illustrate how a novel multimodal approach including mobile brain and body imaging (MoBi) combined with phenomenological methods, and the implementation of interactive paradigms in a natural context, are adequate procedures to study empathy from the 5E approach. In doing so, we present the Empirical 5E approach (E5E) as an integrative scientific framework to bridge brain/body and phenomenological attributes in an interbody interactive setting. Progressing toward an E5E approach can be crucial to understanding empathy in accordance with the complexity of how it is experienced in the real world.

RESUMO

Introducción. Venezuela incluyó la vacuna contra rotavirus a partir del año 2006. El Estado Táchira ha alcanzado una cobertura promedio de 60%. El objetivo es evaluar el impacto de la vacunación contra rotavirus sobre las diarreas en menores de 5 años, en el Estado Táchira, Venezuela, durante los años 2000 a 2012. Métodos. Estudio epidemiológico de evaluación del impacto de la vacuna antirotavirus sobre las tasas de morbimortalidad por diarreas. Resultados. Se observó una tendencia a la disminución de la morbilidad y la mortalidad en el período 2000 a 2012, especialmente en menores de 1 año. La diferencia entre las tasas de muerte promedio entre el periodo prevacunal (2000-2005) y postvacunal (2006-2012) para los menores de 1 año fue estadísticamente significativa (p=0,01; IC 95%: 4322,2- 12537,1). Durante el periodo prevacunal (20002005), la tasa promedio de casos por 100.000 en menores de 5 años era de 12.207,7 y en el postvacunal (2006-2012) era de 10.126,3. La diferencia en las muertes en menores de 5 años fue de 72% (IC 95%=62-81). Conclusiones. La vacunación contra rotavirus tiene un impacto favorable en la disminución de las tasas de diarrea en menores de 5 años, especialmente en menores de 1 año. Es una estrategia efectiva en la prevención de muertes por esta causa en poblaciones menores de 5 años.

Introduction. Venezuela included rotavirus vaccine from the year 2006. Tachira State has reached 60% average coverage. The objective was to assess the impact of vaccination against rotavirus diarrhea in children under 5 years, Táchira State, Venezuela, during the years 2000-2012. Methods. Evaluation of the impact of the vaccine anti-rotavirus epidemiological study on the rates of mortality and morbidity by diarrhea. Results. There was a trend to decrease morbidity and mortality in the period 2000 to 2012, especially under the age of 1 year. The difference between average death rates between the prevaccination period (2000-2005) and postvaccination period (2006-2012) was statistically significant for children under 1 year (p=0.01;CI 95%: 4322.2-12537.1). During the prevacunal period (2000-2005), the average rate of cases per 100,000 in children under 5 years was 12,207.7 and postvacunal period (2006-2012) was 10,126.3. The difference in deaths in children under 5 years was 72 (CI 95% 62-81). Conclusions. The vaccination against rotavirus has a favorable impact on reducing rates of diarrhea in children under 5 years, particularly in the group of children under 1 years. It is an effective strategy in the prevention of deaths from this cause in under-five population.