RESUMO
Soil microorganisms, together with water, play a key role in arid ecosystems, being responsible for the nutrient cycle, facilitating nutrient incorporation into plants, influencing plant drought tolerance, and enhancing their establishment. Therefore, their use for restoration practices is promising. We tested the potential of native strains of Actinobacteria from Monte Desert as growth promoters of native vegetation, isolating them from two substrates from their habitat (bare soil and leaf-cutting ant refuse dumps). Strains were inoculated into the soil where seedlings of three native plant species (Atriplex lampa, Grindelia chiloensis, Gutierrezia solbrigii) were growing. Seedlings were grown following a full factorial design experiment under greenhouse and field conditions comparing native Actinobacteria effects with a known growth-promoting strain, Streptomyces sp. (BCRU-MM40 GenBank accession number: FJ771041), and control treatments. Seedlings survived greenhouse condition but species survival and growth were different among treatments at field conditions, varying over time. The highest survival was observed in a native soil strain (S20) while the lowest in MM40. The low survival in MM40 and in the other treatments may be explained by the higher herbivory observed in those seedlings compared to control ones, suggesting a higher nutritional status in inoculated plants. Strains from refuse dumps were the best at enhancing seedling growth, while strains from soil were the best at maintaining their survival. Native Actinobacteria studied may increase plant species survival and growth by improving their nutritional status, suggesting their potential to facilitate vegetation establishment and, therefore, being good candidates for restoration practices. Furthermore, plant species respond differently to different strains, highlighting the importance of microorganism diversity for ecosystem functioning.
Assuntos
Actinobacteria , Ecossistema , Desenvolvimento Vegetal , Plântula/microbiologia , SoloRESUMO
PURPOSE: We aim to comprehensively describe the incidence and mortality trends of ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) in the Girona province, Spain (1994-2013) and to estimate the all-cause mortality excess risk of diagnosed women. METHODS: Age-standardized rates of DCIS were estimated between 1994 and 2013. Standard mortality ratios (SMR) and absolute excess mortality were calculated overall and by tumor and patient characteristics. A sensitivity analysis was conducted excluding cases with a subsequent invasive breast cancer (sIBC). RESULTS: Of the 641 women included, 56 died (follow-up time: 8.4 person-years). Between 1994 and 2013, a significant increase in incidence and decrease in mortality was identified among women aged between 50 and 69 years old. Neoplasms and circulatory system disease were the most common causes of death. No excess risk of death was found overall, except for women aged < 50 years (SMR = 3.44, 95% CI 1.85; 6.40) and those with a sIBC (SMR = 2.51, 95% CI 1.26; 5.02), risk that lessened when cases with sIBC were excluded. Patients with sIBC also showed an excess risk (SMR = 2.29, 95% CI 1.03; 5.10). CONCLUSIONS: Among women aged 50-69 years old, incidence of DCIS has significantly increased yet mortality has decreased. Overall, the all-cause mortality risk of women diagnosed with DCIS remains similar to that of the general population except for women diagnosed before age 50 and those with sIBC, who showed a significant increased risk. Differential management of these patients should be considered.
Assuntos
Neoplasias da Mama/mortalidade , Carcinoma Intraductal não Infiltrante/mortalidade , Sistema de Registros/estatística & dados numéricos , Medição de Risco/métodos , Fatores Etários , Idoso , Neoplasias da Mama/epidemiologia , Neoplasias da Mama/patologia , Neoplasias da Mama/terapia , Carcinoma Intraductal não Infiltrante/epidemiologia , Carcinoma Intraductal não Infiltrante/patologia , Carcinoma Intraductal não Infiltrante/terapia , Terapia Combinada , Feminino , Seguimentos , Humanos , Incidência , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Vigilância da População , Prognóstico , Estudos Retrospectivos , Fatores de Risco , Espanha/epidemiologia , Taxa de SobrevidaRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Lymphoma is the third most common malignancy in children (0-14 years) and the first in adolescents (15-19 years). This population-based study-the largest ever done in Spain-analyses incidence and survival of lymphomas among Spanish children and adolescents. PATIENTS AND METHODS: 1664 lymphoma cases (1983-2007) for incidence and 1030 for survival (1991-2005) followed until 31/12/2010, were provided by 11 cancer registries. Age-adjusted incidence rates (ASRw) to the world standard population were obtained; incidence trends were modelled using the Joinpoint programme, observed survival (OS) was estimated with Kaplan-Meier and trends tested with a log-rank test. Results are presented according to the International Classification of Childhood Cancer-3. RESULTS: In Spain, the ASRw0-14 for lymphomas was 17.5 per 1.000.000 child-years and 50.0 the specific rate for adolescents. Overall incidence increased significantly during 1983-1997 with no increases thereafter. Patients over 9 years old showed significant rising trends for all subtypes, except for Burkitt lymphoma (BL) in adolescents. During 2001-2005 (age 0-19 years), 5-year OS was 94 (90-98), 73 (64-83) and 86 (78-94) for Hodgkin lymphoma (HL), non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) and BL, respectively. No improvement in survival was found. The incidence in Spain was higher than overall European rates, but within the range of that in Southern Europe. Comparing OS in Spain 1991-1995 and 2001-2005 with results for Europe of the Automated Childhood Cancer Information System (ACCIS) (1988-1997) and the European cancer registry-based study on survival and care of cancer patients (EUROCARE) (2000-2007), it was similar for HL and lower for NHL and BL. CONCLUSIONS: Systematic monitoring and analysis of lymphoma paediatric data would provide clinical and epidemiological information to improve the health care of these patients and the outcomes for these malignancies in Spain.