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Bismuth lipophilic nanoparticles (BisBAL NPs) and cetylpyridinium chloride (CPC) are antineoplastic and antimicrobial in vitro. As a next pre-clinical step, a clinically viable dosage form for vaginal application was developed. Compendial pharmacopeial tests (mass uniformity, disintegration, and compressive mechanics) and inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy were conducted on in-house developed glycerinated gelatin (60:15 v/w) vaginal ovules containing BisBAL NP-CPC. The antimycotic activity of BisBAL NP-CPC vaginal ovules was analyzed using disk diffusion and cell viability XTT assays. The antitumor properties of BisBAL NP-CPC vaginal ovules were assessed by cell viability MTT tests. BisBAL NP-CPC and drug-free vaginal ovules deposited into ex vivo porcine vaginas disaggregated without signs of adverse cytotoxicity within the timespan of clinical efficacy. BisBAL NP-CPC vaginal ovules demonstrated antifungal efficacy comparable to miconazole: C. albicans growth inhibition haloes in diffusion tests were 23 ± 0.968 mm (n = 3) for BisBAL NP-CPC and 20.35 ± 0.899 mm (n = 3) for miconazole. Likewise, BisBAL NP-CPC vaginal ovules reduced HeLa cell growth by 81%, outperforming the clinical reference of 500 µM 5-fluouracil, which induced a 70% growth inhibition. BisBAL NP-CPC incorporated into glycerinated gelatin vaginal ovules constitute an innovative drug delivery system for topical antimycotic and anti-cervical carcinoma treatments.
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OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effect of the combination of calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH)2) and a novel electrolyzed superoxidized solution at neutral pH, known as OxOral® on Enterococcus faecalis growth in root canals. METHODS: Sixty human teeth were used, from which root canals were infected and randomly divided into the following treatment groups: saline solution, saline solution plus Ca(OH)2, OxOral®, and OxOral® plus Ca(OH)2. RESULTS: A permanent reduction in bacterial growth was observed at days 1, 6, 12, and 18 after OxOral® plus Ca(OH)2 treatment from 4.4 ± 0.074 log10 CFU/mL to 0.0 ± 0.001 log10 CFU/mL. In addition, alkaline conditions maintenance was observed from application time (pH = 12.2 ± 0.033) to 18 d posttreatment (pH = 12.6 ± 0.083). CONCLUSION: The combination of OxOral® and Ca(OH)2 provides an alkaline pH and inhibits E. faecalis growth into the root canals. Our study opens the possibility for further research on the use of OxOral® in endodontic therapy.
Assuntos
Anti-Infecciosos/administração & dosagem , Hidróxido de Cálcio/administração & dosagem , Cavidade Pulpar/efeitos dos fármacos , Cavidade Pulpar/microbiologia , Enterococcus faecalis/efeitos dos fármacos , Peróxido de Hidrogênio/administração & dosagem , Enterococcus faecalis/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Humanos , Peróxido de Hidrogênio/química , Concentração de Íons de Hidrogênio , Técnicas In Vitro , Irrigantes do Canal Radicular/administração & dosagem , Irrigantes do Canal Radicular/química , Tratamento do Canal Radicular/métodos , SoluçõesRESUMO
Peroxisomicine A1 (PA1) is a potential antineoplastic agent with high and selective toxicity toward peroxisomes of tumor cells. Pexophagy is a selective autophagy process that degrades damaged peroxisomes; this process has been studied mainly in methylotrophic yeasts. There are two main modes of pexophagy in yeast: macropexophagy and micropexophagy. Previous studies showed that peroxisomes damaged by a prolonged exposition to PA1 are eliminated by macropexophagy. In this work, Candida boidinii was grown in methanol-containing media, and PA1 was added to the cultures at 2 µg/mL after they reached the mid-exponential growth phase. Samples were taken at 5, 10, 15, 20, and 25 min after the addition of PA1 and processed for ultrastructural analysis. Typical morphological characteristics of micropexophagy were observed: the direct engulfment of peroxisomes by the vacuolar membrane and the presence of the micropexophagic membrane apparatus (MIPA), which mediates the fusion between the opposing tips of the vacuole to complete sequestration of peroxisomes from the cytosol. In conclusion, here we report that, in addition to macropexophagy, peroxisomes damaged by PA1 can be eliminated by micropexophagy. This information is useful to deepen the knowledge of the mechanism of action of PA1 and of that of pexophagy per se.
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Antracenos/farmacologia , Antineoplásicos/farmacologia , Candida/efeitos dos fármacos , Macroautofagia/efeitos dos fármacos , Microautofagia/efeitos dos fármacos , Peroxissomos/efeitos dos fármacos , Proteínas Fúngicas/metabolismoRESUMO
A ventricular aneurysm entails well-known risks for the patient such as heart failure, potentially lethal arrhythmias, and systemic embolic phenomena. The submitral or posterolateral ventricular aneurysm is a very rare variety, usually of congenital etiology, which may also have other causes, including ischemic heart disease. The present case is about a 76-year-old male with the antecedent of an acute myocardial infarction 3 years ago. He presented with intermittent, brief, and self-limiting episodes of severe dyspnea, intense desperation, and accelerated palpitations, with a nonspecific electrocardiogram. An echocardiography revealed a large submitral aneurysm, with a good clinical response to the specific treatment of heart failure, antiarrhythmics, and oral anticoagulation therapy. We analyze the implications of an aneurysm in the context of an ischemic etiology, with special attention to the limitations of the electrocardiogram in the diagnosis of occlusions of the circumflex artery that irrigates the posterolateral region of the heart. We suspect that a greater number of patients with a culprit circumflex artery could receive appropriate coronary interventionism or thrombolysis if decision-making in the emergency room would not depend mainly on the electrocardiogram. Better stratification tools are needed to prevent late complications of infarction, such as those observed in this patient.
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La saliva juega un rol determinante en el mantenimiento y función de los tejidos orales, donde un decremento en los niveles del flujo salival conllevan a una hiposalivación o hiposialia, trayendo consigo una serie de características que propician un ambiente ideal para la instalaciónde microorganismos oportunistas y condiciones nocivas para la saludoral y sistémica de los pacientes. Hoy en día existen múltiples causas que conllevan a una hiposialia, entre ellas el síndrome de Sjõgren, la radioterapia de haz externo, entre otras, los cuales se han puesto a prueba mediante sialogogos farmacológicos como pilocarpina, cevimelina, betanecoly carbacolina, además de alternativas terapéuticas para revertir los signos obtenidos por la hiposalivación y mitigar los síntomas de xerostomía. El objetivo del presente es realizar una revisión de literatura sobre el tratamiento farmacológico en hiposalivación y xerostomía ensíndrome de Sjõgren y radioterapia de haz externo.
Saliva plays a determinant role in the maintenance and function of oral tissues, where a decrease in salivary flow levels leads to hyposalivation or hyposialia, bringing with it a series of characteristics that provide anideal environment for the installation of opportunistic microorganisms and conditions harmful to the oral and systemic health of patients.Today there are many causes that lead to hyposialia, including Sjögrenssyndrome, external beam radiotherapy, among others, which have beentested by pharmacological sialogogs such as pilocarpine, cevimelin, betanecol and carbacoline, in addition to therapeutic alternativesto reverse the signs obtained by hyposalivation and to mitigate the symptoms of xerostomia. The objective of the present is to make a reviewof the literature on the pharmacological treatment in hyposalivation and xerostomia in Sjögrens syndrome and external beam radiotherapy.
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Masculino , Feminino , Humanos , Xerostomia/tratamento farmacológico , Pilocarpina/uso terapêutico , Betanecol/uso terapêutico , Síndrome de Sjogren/tratamento farmacológico , Salivação/fisiologiaRESUMO
La recesión gingival y los defectos periodontales son una condiciónque afectan a la gran parte de la población joven y adulta, éstospueden ocurrir sin ningún tipo de síntoma pero pueden dar lugar ala preocupación estética del paciente, hipersensibilidad, dificultad enla higiene oral o provocar la pérdida del diente. El injerto de matriz dérmica acelular ha sido utilizado como un sustituto para los injertos subepiteliales conectivos autógenos en cirugías mucogingivales, es obtenido asépticamente de la piel de un humano donador y ha mostrado resultados clínicos favorables en el área de periodoncia. El objetivo de este estudio es revisar la literatura sobre las características, usos, ventajas y avances de la matriz dérmica acelular, así como conocer sus beneficios en los procedimientos de cirugías mucogingivales, como la preservación y aumento de reborde...
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Humanos , Derme Acelular , Retração Gengival/cirurgia , Transplante Autólogo/métodos , Transplante de Pele/instrumentação , Cirurgia Plástica/tendências , Estética Dentária , Procedimentos Cirúrgicos Bucais/métodos , Retalhos Cirúrgicos , Resultado do Tratamento , Transplante de Pele/métodosRESUMO
Abstract: introduction: nowadays the incorporation and validation of learning styles and multiple intelligences enable teachers to obtain positive results in academic performance. This new approach has allowed to appreciate personal differences in dental students and strengthen their underdeveloped aspects, improving teaching and learning skills. Objective: To compare learning styles and multiple intelligences in a sample of Mexican dental students in their first and tenth semester. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study using questionnaires on learning styles (Honey-Alonso) and Gardners multiple intelligences was performed. The study was applied to 123 students in their first semester and 157 in their tenth semester at the School of Dentistry at Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, evaluating differences between age and sex. Results: Logical-Mathematical intelligence (p=0.044) and Kinesthetic-Corporal intelligence (p=0.042) showed significant differences between students of both semesters, with intrapersonal and interpersonal intelligences being more prevalent. Within learning styles, the prevalent were Reflexive and Theoretical, showing a significant difference between semesters (p=0.005). Conclusion: The most prevalent learning styles in both groups were Reflexive and Theoretical, with no difference between both sexes. The most prevalent types of multiple intelligences in both sexes and groups were interpersonal and intrapersonal.
Resumen: Introducción: Hoy en día la valoración de estilos de aprendizaje e inteligencias múltiples permiten a profesores obtener un resultado favorable en el rendimiento académico. Estos permiten apreciar las diferencias personales de los estudiantes de odontología y apoyar los dominios menos desarrollados, mejorando las habilidades de enseñanza y aprendizaje. Objetivo: Comparar los estilos de aprendizaje e inteligencias múltiples de una muestra de estudiantes mexicanos de primer y décimo semestre de odontología. Materiales y métodos: Se realizó un estudio transversal aplicando los cuestionarios de estilos de aprendizaje (Honey-Alonso) y de Inteligencias múltiples de Gardner. El estudio fue aplicado en 123 alumnos de primer semestre y 157 alumnos de décimo semestre de la Facultad de Odontología de la Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, evaluando sus diferencias entre edad y sexo. Resultados: La inteligencia Lógico-Matemática (p=0,044), como en la Kinestésica-Corporal (p=0,042) presentaron diferencias significativas entre semestres, siendo predominantes las inteligencias Intrapersonal e Interpersonal. Dentro de los estilos de aprendizaje, los estilos predominantes fueron el Reflexivo y el Teórico, presentando diferencia significativa entre semestres (p=0,005). Conclusión: Los estilos de aprendizaje predominantes en ambos grupos fue el Reflexivo y Teórico sin diferencias entre sexo y la Inteligencia Múltiple predominante en ambos sexos y grupos fue Interpersonal e Intrapersonal.
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Masculino , Feminino , Humanos , Adulto , Adulto Jovem , Inteligência , Aprendizagem , Estudantes de Odontologia , Estudos Transversais , Testes de Inteligência , MéxicoRESUMO
Despite being a commonly studied topic, it is difficult to find studies which explain the problem of dental erosion. For this article, literature was analyzed to find information on the agents which trigger dental erosion, the main diagnosis methods, the most common treatments used nowadays and the interrelationship with dental materials. The etiology of dental erosion is multifactorial, including acids, eating disorders and gastro-esophageal reflux. However, biological factors such as saliva or habits also play a part in the establishment of this condition. In order to establish a reliable diagnosis, clinical appearance becomes decisive. The Basic Index Erosive Wear Exami¬nation (BEWE), created in 2008, is an auxiliary diagnosis tool for assessing the status and progress of the erosion. Treatment should be linked to the eradication of the causative agent and it can range from simple observational monitoring of slightly affected teeth to the placement of total crowns in the most severe cases, but this will depend entirely on the extent, severity, symptoms and type of dentition. Regarding dental materials used in the treatment of eroded parts, there are glass ionomer and composite; the latter presents the greatest resistance to biodegradation when interacting with acids. Glass ionomers are the most vulnerable material while resin is seen as the most resistant. In conclusion, dental erosion has become an issue of great importance in the dental practice because of its serious impact on dental structures. Consequently, it is ranked among the most important dental disorders in the present day.
A pesar de ser un tópico altamente examinado, es difícil encontrar estudios que esclarezcan la problemática de la erosión dental. En este trabajo se analizó en la literatura los agentes que desencadenan la erosión dental, los principales métodos de diagnosis, los tratamientos más empleados en la actualidad y la interrelación con los materiales dentales. La etiología de la erosión es multifactorial incluyendo elementos ácidos, desórdenes alimenticios y reflujo gastroesofágico. Sin embargo, los factores biológicos como la saliva o los hábitos también intervienen en el establecimiento de la afección. Para establecer un diagnóstico fiable, la apariencia clínica se vuelve decisiva. Un auxiliar diagnóstico para evaluar el estado y progreso de la erosión es el índice Basic Erosive Wear Examination (BEWE) establecido en el 2008. La terapéutica deberá estar ligada a la erradicación del agente causal y consistirá desde simple observación hasta coronas totales en los casos más severos, pero esta dependerá totalmente de la extensión, severidad, sintomatología y tipo de dentición presente. Dentro de los materiales dentales empleados en el tratamiento de piezas erosionadas, se encuentran el ionómero de vidrio y el composite; siendo este último quien presenta mayor resistencia a la biodegradación al interactuar con elementos ácidos. El ionómero de vidrio constituye el material más vulnerable mientras que la resina se posiciona como la más resisten¬te. La erosión dental se ha vuelto una cuestión de gran importancia en el ámbito odontológico por las graves re¬percusiones que se producen en las estructuras dentales, posicionándola como uno de los desordenes dentales con mayor trascendencia en la actualidad.
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Humanos , Erosão Dentária/diagnóstico , Erosão Dentária/etiologia , Erosão Dentária/terapiaRESUMO
Introducción: Hasta 60% de los casos tratados con intervención coronaria percutánea (ICP) o cirugía (CRVC) tienen enfermedad coronaria de múltiples vasos (ECMV). Objetivo: Comparar la evolución clínica de estos pacientes después de su comparativo, de una cohorte tratada por ECMV con CRVC o ICP más stents farmacoactivos o bioactivos entre enero de 2004 a julio de 2011. Se utilizó expediente clínico, consignando eventos cardiovasculares adversos. Resultados: Ingresaron 134 pacientes, predominando varones con enfermedad trivascular y angina estable con un seguimiento de 35.7 ± 20.4 meses. El grupo quirúrgico tuvo más dislipidemia (41.9 vs 36.7%), diabetes (59.5 vs 38.3%), hipertensión arterial (67.6 vs 60%), infarto del miocardio antiguo (37.8 vs 23.3%) y lesión tipo C en la arteria descendente anterior (63.9 vs 30.4%), p < 0.05 para todas. Los tratados con ICP tuvieron más necesidad de revascularización repetida (30.50 vs 2.73%) p < 0.01, recurrencia de angina (44 vs 20%), ergometrías positivas (39 vs 18%), hospitalizaciones (25 vs 9%) y deterioro funcional según la New York Heart Association III o IV (22 vs 11%), p < 0.05 para todos. Conclusión: En pacientes de un hospital comunitario con ECMV, la ICP presenta una recurrencia superior de isquemia y revascularización repetida comparada con la CRVC.
Introduction: 60% of the patients treated with coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) or percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) suffer from multivessel coronary artery disease. Objective: Our objective was to compare the clinical course of patients with this diagnosis after revascularization. Methods: We consulted and compared the clinical records of a multivessel coronary artery disease cohort treated with either coronary artery bypass grafting or angioplasty with drug eluting stents or bioactive stents between January 2004 and July 2011, consigning adverse cardiovascular events. Results: 134 patients, mostly male, with 3-vessel disease and stable angina, were followed up for 35.7 ± 20.4 months. Dyslipidemia (41.9 vs 36.7%), diabetes mellitus type 2 (59.5 vs 38.3%), hypertension (67.6 vs 60%), old myocardial infarction (37.8 vs 23.3%) and type C lesion in left anterior descendent artery (63.9 vs 30.4%) were all more frequent in the surgery group (p < 0.05). On the other hand, the angioplasty treated patients needed more frequently revascularization (30.50 vs 2.73%; p < 0.01) and hospitalization (25 vs 9%) and had more often angina (44 vs 20%), positive ergometry (39 vs 18%), and functional impairment type New York Heart Association III/IV (22 vs 11%) (p < 0.05). Conclusion: In patients at a community hospital with multivessel coronary artery disease, PCI has a higher recurrence of ischemia and repeated revascularization compared to CABG.
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Rheumatoid arthritis is an autoimmune disease that affects human beings worldwide. Infections have been associated to autoimmune diseases because their ability to induce a dominant cytokine response. Joint inflammation has been related to Th1 response because they induce high expression of proinflammatory cytokines TNF-alpha, IL-1, IFN-gamma. MRL/lpr mice spontaneously develop an autoimmune disease affecting joints, kidneys, etc. We compared incidence and severity of arthritis, antibody response, cytokine production, in mice infected with bacteria or helminthes in the Murphy Roths Large (MRL)lpr mice. Infections with helminthes Heligmosomoides polygyrus, Nippostrongylus brasiliensis or bacteria Nocardia brasiliensis and Staphylococcus aureus were studied. IL-4, IFN-gamma and IgG1, IgG2a antibody productions were determined. IFN-gamma was increased in all groups, the highest production was observed after bacterial infection; IL-4 production was higher after helminthes infection. IgG1 sera levels were increased in the helminthes infected group. IgG2a sera concentration was stimulated by bacterial infection. The histopathology showed that 100% of bacterial infected mice developed arthritis and severe tissue damage such as cartilage erosion and bone destruction. Animals infected with parasites showed a decreased incidence and severity of arthritis. Severity of tissue damage in joints is correlated with increased numbers of lymphocytes and macrophages immunoreactive to proinflammatory cytokines.
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Artrite Experimental/fisiopatologia , Artrite Reumatoide/fisiopatologia , Nippostrongylus/imunologia , Infecções Estafilocócicas , Staphylococcus aureus/imunologia , Infecções por Strongylida , Animais , Anticorpos Antibacterianos/sangue , Anticorpos Anti-Helmínticos/sangue , Artrite Experimental/imunologia , Artrite Reumatoide/imunologia , Citocinas/metabolismo , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Feminino , Humanos , Camundongos , Camundongos Endogâmicos MRL lpr , Nippostrongylus/patogenicidade , Índice de Gravidade de Doença , Infecções Estafilocócicas/imunologia , Infecções Estafilocócicas/microbiologia , Infecções Estafilocócicas/fisiopatologia , Staphylococcus aureus/metabolismo , Staphylococcus aureus/patogenicidade , Infecções por Strongylida/imunologia , Infecções por Strongylida/fisiopatologia , Células Th1/imunologiaRESUMO
Después de haber observado que los pacientes diabéticos tienen elevadas las concentraciones plasmáticas de bilirrubina conjugada y de ácido glucurónico y conociendo que éste forma parte de la estructura química de los glucosaminoglicanos (ácido hialurónico, heparina y condroitín), que a su vez forman parte de la estructura de los capilares, vasos de mayor calibre y tejido conectivo, planteamos la hipótesis de que las elevaciones de las concentraciones de ácido glucurónico originan la elevación de los niveles de glucosaminoglicanos, y de que éstos intervienen en forma fundamental en las lesiones vasculares que presentan como complicación crónica los pacientes con diabetes mellitus. Se trató a 10 ratas Wistar con ácido glucurónico (30 mg) en 50 ml de agua para beberlo ad livitum por tiempo sin definir. A los 60 días, todas las ratas estaban ciegas y no respondían a estímulos luminosos. Estudios de oftalmoscopia, anatomopatológicos del ojo y riñón y de microscopia electrónica del riñón confirmaron la presencia de lesiones vasculares con formación de edema, congestión de vasos, microaneurismas y hemorragias, y en todos los estudios se encontró engrosamiento de membrana basal. Se concluye que el ácido glucurónico suministrado oralmente a ratas es capaz de reproducir las lesiones vasculares que como complicación crónica presenta las personas con diabetes mellitus