RESUMO
A case-control study of 112 patients with cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) and 131 control subjects was conducted. Estradiol receptor levels were determined in the total (cytosolic-nucleosolic) fraction of the neoplastic cervical specimens taken during the late proliferative phase of their cycle from 58 premenopausal patients who had been oral contraceptive (OC) users for at least 2 years and from 54 premenopausal women who had not been OC users. All specimens contained variable amount of estradiol receptor (from 7.6 to 53.0 fmol estradiol/mg protein and 7.2 to 29.3 fmol estradiol/mg protein in patients who were OC users and non-users, respectively). A significant correlation was found between estradiol receptor concentration and histological grading in both groups, likewise higher levels of estradiol receptor were observed in the low-grade CIN group tissue from patients who were OC users (p < 0.05). At the same time 17 beta-estradiol and progesterone levels were also determined in the serum of all women who had not used an OC for at least 12 months. The mean +/- SD estradiol serum levels in non-users of OC with CIN (0.189 +/- 0.08 ng/ml, follicular phase) were greater than the mean +/- SD (1.163 +/- 0.33 ng/ml, luteal phase) progesterone serum concentration. Serum estradiol levels were significantly higher (p < 0.05) in OC users, whereas progesterone levels were not (p > 0.05). OC users had an increased risk (odds ratio = 1.31, 95% CI 1.0-2.3) of cervical neoplasia.
Assuntos
Anticoncepcionais Orais/efeitos adversos , Receptores de Estradiol/metabolismo , Displasia do Colo do Útero/etiologia , Displasia do Colo do Útero/patologia , Neoplasias do Colo do Útero/etiologia , Neoplasias do Colo do Útero/patologia , Adulto , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Estradiol/sangue , Feminino , Humanos , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Razão de Chances , Progesterona/sangue , Inquéritos e QuestionáriosRESUMO
UNLABELLED: It has been demonstrated that the concentrations of molecules related to endothelial cell dysfunction, coagulation and vasoconstriction are altered in preeclamptic patients, but they have not been evaluated in their relationship with the severity of preeclampsia. OBJECTIVE: To determine the relationship between the plasmatic concentrations of fibronectin ED1+, antithrombin III, prostacyclin and thromboxane, and the severity of preeclampsia. METHODS: Peripheral blood was collected from 215 women in the third trimester of pregnancy, admitted to the Luis Castelazo Ayala Gynecology and Obstetrics Hospital with mild preeclampsia (n = 103), severe preeclampsia (n = 71), HELLP syndrome (n = 25) or eclampsia (n = 16). Plasma aliquots were stored at -70 degrees C until analysis. Fibronectin ED1+ was measured by ELISA; antithrombin III activity was determined using an automated amidolytic technique, and the concentrations of the stable metabolites 6-keto-prostagiandin F1a and thromboxane B2 were measured by RIA. Statistical analysis included ANOVA and logistic regression. RESULTS: Maternal age was similar in all participants. Prematurity and low birth weight were present in the patients with severe preeclampsia, HELLP and eclampsia. The values for fibronectin were similar among the 4 groups of patients. Antithrombin III activity was significantly lower in the patients with HELLP. In patients with severe preeclampsia and HELLP syndrome, prostacyclin (Pc) and thromboxane (Tbx) concentrations were significantly higher, and the Pc/Tbx ratio was lower than in patients with mild preeclampsia. Those patients who had the highest thromboxane levels and the lowest Pc/Tbx ratio had a higher chance to develop severe preeclampsia or HELLP (5 times), as well as to have premature babies (12 times) than patients with mild preeclampsia. CONCLUSIONS: Our study demonstrates relationships among antithrombin III activity, prostacyclin and thromboxane concentrations, and the severity of preeclampsia. These compounds were significantly more altered in patients with HELLP syndrome, probably due to a higher organic and vascular dysfunction. Plasma determination of these compounds may be valuable as a tool in the screening of preeclampsia, and as an indicator of severity of the disease.
Assuntos
Eclampsia/sangue , Antitrombina III/análise , Biomarcadores/sangue , Epoprostenol/sangue , Feminino , Fibronectinas/sangue , Humanos , Pré-Eclâmpsia/sangue , Gravidez , Terceiro Trimestre da Gravidez , Tromboxanos/sangueRESUMO
It is well conceived that the intention of man in trying to solve human kind ailments, is being a long standing biological rule to give rational solutions at any rate. The response to the current problem studied, approaches a different view of the peripheral and local deteriorating phenomena and offers--in a non classical way--how to maintain the well-being of a population of otherwise healthy women, in trying to defer the degenerative cellular process. Interesting, as the proximity of the XXI century arrives, the technology and the biomedical level of progress seems to be for a way from the ideal, particularly when dealing with a process initiated years before the menopause. This critical period of hormonal imbalance makes also a definite++ e social change for women; such a combination of facts, prompt us to be aware that in society, a women is no longer biologically reproductive but certainly, productive, as an economical drive digure. Needless to say that we must be protective to her and to realize that the number of them will continue to an increase in the years to come. The following two comments intended to associate various levels of the current knowledge of one of the Public Health problems in women.
Assuntos
Morte Celular , Sistema Urogenital/metabolismo , Glândulas Suprarrenais/fisiologia , Adulto , Idoso , Feminino , Humanos , Sistema Hipotálamo-Hipofisário/fisiologia , Metabolismo dos Lipídeos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Ovário/fisiologia , Progesterona/metabolismo , Sistema Urogenital/fisiologiaRESUMO
Este es un análisis prospectivo endocrinológico de la respuesta al ejercicio físico agudo/crónico combinado con el estrés emocional de una población militar de 14 aspirantes a ingresar al Batallón de Fusileros Paracaidistas del Ejército Nacional Mexicano, con patrón de sueño, conducta sexual y dieta controlados. En cada individuo se determinó hormona estimulante del folículo, hormona luteinizante, testosterona, estradiol, prolactina y progesterona plasmáticos. Estas hormonas se relacionaron con elementos del semen. El estudio se dividió en cuatro etapas: fase I: control; fase II: 4.5 horas de ejercicio de calentamiento + 10 km de caminata-trote al día durante seis semanas y primer salto en paracaídas; fase III: 2 horas de ejercicio de calentamiento + 5 km de trote diariamente por seis semanas + salto en paracaídas; y fase IV: similar a la fase III en actividades físicas pero con una duración de doce semanas. De ese análisis la respuesta más inesperada fue una elevación del estradiol sin cambios en la testosterona, hormona luteinizante, hormona estimulante del folículo ni prolactina en la fase II; mientras que en las fases III y IV se detectó incremento de la testosterona a la elevación de la hormona luteinizante y prolactina. Estos cambios hormonales no originaron efectos deletéreos en el semen. El hallazgo de la respuesta estrógenica podría se un índice de utilidad para valorar la respuesta fisiológica/clínica al estrés físico emocional en el varón
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Adulto , Sêmen/fisiologia , Exercício Físico/fisiologia , Exercício Físico/psicologia , Estrogênios Conjugados (USP)/análise , Estrogênios Conjugados (USP)/metabolismo , Estresse Psicológico/fisiopatologia , Estresse Psicológico/psicologiaRESUMO
In order to partially understand the health status of women under contraceptive therapy and their possible social hazard of it, a descriptive, prospective and transversal study was undertaken in a 500 individuals, ages 20-35 years old, who currently were regulation their fertility. Data were obtained by means of predetermined questions from subjects attending several clinics of the IMSS. Anyone refusing to participate was discharged questions. The analysis excluded 8/500 due to incomplete responses. In 334/492, hormonal practice was in use; the IUD met 36.6% and the minor groups of 4.4 and 2.8% the method chosen was surgical or natural respectively. The IUD had been used over three years in 60/187, while in 39/145 were on the pill the same period of time; only 23/100 preferred the injectables. No previous medical advice was carried out in order to prescribe the contraceptive and furthermore in 461/492 no laboratory clinical tests were required before. In only 22% of the population the Pap-smear had been taken two years before and in 89/492 was never considered. The contraceptive strategies was induce risks in the future with no solid etiology if a prescription is decided, before the health status is evaluated. It looks like that present report is the first description associating health and risks in a non-selected population under contraceptive methodology.
Assuntos
Comportamento Contraceptivo , Anticoncepcionais Femininos/efeitos adversos , Anticoncepcionais/efeitos adversos , Nível de Saúde , Adulto , Anticoncepcionais/administração & dosagem , Dispositivos Anticoncepcionais/efeitos adversos , Feminino , Humanos , Dispositivos Intrauterinos/efeitos adversos , Estudos Longitudinais , México , Estudos Prospectivos , Fatores de Risco , Fatores de TempoRESUMO
To evaluate the competitive molecular phenomenon of Ethynyl-Estradiol (EE-2) from contraceptive formulations against the endogenous Estradiol (E-2) at the intra and the extracellular compartments, plasma and endometrial samples were simultaneously obtained on different days of the pseudomenstrual cycle from oral contraceptive users under EE-2+ Norgestrel (30 micrograms/+ 500 micrograms) and EE-2+ Norethindrone (50 micrograms + 1.0 mg) in order to quantify EE-2 & E-2. When measuring both molecules it was shown that the chronic administration of steroids regardless of the pharmacological action of the progestin component the lower content of EE-2 (30 micrograms) does not compete substantially at the circulating level permitting the cyclic fashion of the natural estradiol while at the endometrial compartment such phenomenon is not seen thus, a local infertility effect should be reconsidered to anticipate a different approach in the future of contraception.
PIP: 27 women participated in a study of systemic and endometrial estradiol concentrations in oral contraceptive (OC) users. 13 women aged 15-22 used OCs containing ethinyl estradiol 30 mcg and norgestrel 500 mg for 4-24 months, and 14 women aged 18-28 used OCs containing 50 mcg ethinyl estradiol and 1.0 mg norethindrone for 1-28 months. A peripheral blood sample and an endometrial biopsy were obtained at random from each woman on different cycle days to measure the concentration of endogenous estradiol. The ovarian response defined by endogenous plasma and endometrial estrogen levels differed greatly in the two groups. In the 30 mcg group, plasma estrogen levels were similar to those described in an ovulatory menstrual cycle, while this profile was not observed in the 50 mcg group. The endometrial estrogen profile described for women not using hormonal contraception was not observed in either of the two dose groups.
Assuntos
Anticoncepcionais Orais/análise , Etinilestradiol/análise , Noretindrona/análise , Norgestrel/análise , Adolescente , Adulto , Anticoncepcionais Orais/sangue , Endométrio/química , Etinilestradiol/sangue , Feminino , Humanos , Noretindrona/sangue , Norgestrel/sangueRESUMO
A group of 37 postmenopausal women ingested mestranol (MEE) 20 ug daily per 90 days. Cervical mucus, vaginal citology, endometrial biopsy, 17 beta estradiol (E-2) low density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C) and high density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C), were determined in all of them before (phase I) and after such treatment (phase II). Besides, the relieve of vasomotor symptoms, fernlike cristallization and pyknotic nuclei cells, increase and 3/4 of the endometrial samples showed proliferation, in phase II. Endogenous circulating E-2 was not disturbed regardless MEE treatment and inverse relationship was attained on circulating lipoproteins, while LDL-C decrease (p = 0.01), HDL-C increase (p = 0.001), after comparing phase I vs. phase II. Chlormadinone acetate (2 mg/day/3 days) was administered at the end of the MEE treatment to avoid endometrial estrogenic persistence. Current studies should be enlarged to support the usage of new dose and regimen of mestranol replacement therapy.
Assuntos
Terapia de Reposição de Estrogênios , Mestranol/administração & dosagem , Pós-Menopausa , Colesterol/sangue , Endométrio/efeitos dos fármacos , Endométrio/patologia , Feminino , Humanos , Mestranol/uso terapêutico , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Pós-Menopausa/efeitos dos fármacos , Pós-Menopausa/metabolismoRESUMO
Specific or non-specific noxious agents induce several disorders in body systems. In the following series some of those agents are associated with disturbances in the pituitary-testis-axis. Testicular responses which represent an adaptive mechanism to the stress may be associated with various syndromes of unexplained infertility.
Assuntos
Infertilidade Masculina/etiologia , Sistema Hipófise-Suprarrenal/fisiopatologia , Estresse Fisiológico/complicações , Testículo/fisiopatologia , Adulto , Androgênios/metabolismo , Antinematódeos/efeitos adversos , Humanos , Infertilidade Masculina/induzido quimicamente , Infertilidade Masculina/fisiopatologia , Acontecimentos que Mudam a Vida , Masculino , Paraplegia/complicações , Paraplegia/fisiopatologia , Hormônios Adeno-Hipofisários/metabolismo , Propano/efeitos adversos , Propano/análogos & derivados , Privação do Sono/fisiologia , Distúrbios do Início e da Manutenção do Sono/complicações , Distúrbios do Início e da Manutenção do Sono/fisiopatologia , Traumatismos da Medula Espinal/complicações , Estresse Fisiológico/fisiopatologia , Testículo/efeitos dos fármacosRESUMO
Some details about the function of natural and synthetical hormonas are reviewed, particularly estrogens as ethynyl estradiol and its 3, Methyl ether (mestranol); its peripheral concentration vs tissular hormonal contents, a relationship of biological importance as the first step in its hormonal action and the cumulative local effects that could explain some intra and extracellular phenomena.
Assuntos
Congêneres do Estradiol/farmacocinética , Adulto , Endométrio/metabolismo , Congêneres do Estradiol/metabolismo , Etinilestradiol/farmacocinética , Feminino , Humanos , Histerectomia , Esteroides/farmacocinética , Distribuição TecidualRESUMO
Some details about the function of natural and synthetical hormonas are reviewed, particularly estrogens as ethynyl estradiol and its 3, Methyl ether (mestranol); its peripheral concentration vs tissular hormonal contents, a relationship of biological importance as the first step in its hormonal action and the cummulative local effects that could explain some intra and extracellular phenomena.
PIP: Some studies of the peripheral concentration and concentration in reproductive tissues of ethinyl estradiol (EE) and mestranol are reviewed. Orally administered EE is observable in the peripheral circulation within 30-60 minutes. A 1970 study of radioactive EE demonstrated that the endometrium and ovaries captured most of the EE, with levels in the uterus and serum much lower. Adipose tissue was found to be important in storing the hormones. Other studies of radioactive mestranol and EE demonstrated that the compounds were deposited in other organs in significant quantities and that the deposits were perhaps irreversible or of very slow release. The ability of estrogens to remain concentrated at the systemic level and not just in reproductive organs may be related to some adverse effects reported in women using oral contraceptives (OCs). Advances in radiochemistry and immunology in the 1960s made it possible to measure steroid hormone levels in different tissues. The capacity of the endometrium to concentrate natural steroids such as 17-beta estradiol and progesterone during the ovulatory menstrual cycle was demonstrated in 1978. A subsequent study showed that the endometrium captured and stored the synthetic estrogen EE in even greater concentrations than the natural estrogen estradiol. A study of the pharmacodynamics of EE in hysterectomized women showed that 24 hours after the 1st dose of 30 mcg the EE was not detected in the peripheral circulation. But the peripheral concentration increased with continuous daily administration of 30 mcg of EE. 27 days after suppression of treatment it was still detectable in the peripheral circulation. Another experiment was designed to measure simultaneously the concentrations of EE in the peripheral circulation and in the endometrial tissue of 36 women terminating use of OCs containing norgestrel and EE after 2-36 months of treatment. The study showed that synthetic estrogen was still observable in the endometrial tissue 1 month after discontinuing OC use. Inexplicably, levels of EE were higher in the circulation in the cycle after treatment than in the final treatment cycle. 5 of the women participated in the study for 3 posttreatment cycles. EE was observed in the circulation 1 month after termination of OC use in 5 women, 2 months after termination in 4 women, and 3 months after termination in 3 women. The persistence of EE in the tissue months after termination of treatment suggests the need for further research and assessment of possible resulting risks.
Assuntos
Anticoncepcionais Orais Sintéticos/farmacocinética , Congêneres do Estradiol/farmacocinética , Tecido Adiposo/metabolismo , Adulto , Etinilestradiol/farmacocinética , Feminino , Genitália Feminina/metabolismo , Humanos , Distribuição TecidualRESUMO
Two girls of 13 and 18 years of age, XX chromosomic pattern, complaining of delay in sexual development (Stage 1) and primary amenorrhea, were studied. Height, weight and surface area in the 13 years subject were three standard deviations below the anthropometric characteristics of already menstruating girls of the same age. Presence of uterus and ovarian tissue was demonstrated by laparoscopy in both, and afterwards, simultaneous measurements of androstenedione (delta 4) and 17 beta-estradiol (E2) were performed in peripheral blood, before and after: placebo, clomiphene (25 and 50 mg), LH-RH, FSH/LH. Under this trials the gonadal structures produced delta 4 and E2, being the former in many instances a good index of ovarian steroid production and associated to growth of pubic and axillary hair. In the patient whose menstruation began after the pharmacologic stimuli, the steroid production was higher as compared to the one, with initiation of no menstrual bleeding. Critical aspects of the various phases of the study are revised to better understand the physiology of some biological processes.
Assuntos
Amenorreia/sangue , Androstenodiona/sangue , Estradiol/sangue , Puberdade Tardia/sangue , Adolescente , Clomifeno/farmacologia , Feminino , Hormônio Foliculoestimulante/farmacologia , Hormônio Liberador de Gonadotropina/farmacologia , Humanos , Hormônio Luteinizante/farmacologiaAssuntos
Hiperplasia Endometrial/tratamento farmacológico , Adulto , Avaliação de Medicamentos , Hiperplasia Endometrial/complicações , Feminino , Humanos , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Noretindrona/efeitos adversos , Noretindrona/uso terapêutico , Hemorragia Uterina/tratamento farmacológico , Hemorragia Uterina/etiologiaRESUMO
PIP: The study investigates hormonal control of the menstrual cycle, adrenal function role, and endouterine menstrual disorders by an analysis of peripheral hormones and of their concentration at endometrial level. The authors also present a new radioimmunoassay method for determining hormone presence in plasma and in the endometrium. 59 ovulatory cycles were considered, and ovarian hormones were found to be 10-20 times higher in tissue than in plasma, but not in women under sequential or combined oral contraceptive treatment. The relation between endometrial estrogens and progesterone with plasma follicle stimulating hormone and luteinizing hormone levels is discussed, together with the significance of tissue hormone concentration.^ieng