RESUMO
The objective of this article is to review the decentralization process that took place in the 1980s. First, some principles in relation to this topic are presented. Next, the legal foundations and the agreements which were established for Federation-states coordination are outlined, as well as basic points related to the introduction of the decentralization strategy. The favorable and unfavorable factors that affect the process are established and, finally, the possibility of carrying out decentralization of health services at the municipal level is briefly discussed.
Assuntos
Atenção à Saúde/métodos , MéxicoAssuntos
Síndrome da Imunodeficiência Adquirida , Vacinas contra a AIDS , Síndrome da Imunodeficiência Adquirida/complicações , Síndrome da Imunodeficiência Adquirida/economia , Síndrome da Imunodeficiência Adquirida/epidemiologia , Síndrome da Imunodeficiência Adquirida/prevenção & controle , Síndrome da Imunodeficiência Adquirida/terapia , Análise Custo-Benefício , Custos e Análise de Custo , Previsões , Saúde Global , Reforma dos Serviços de Saúde , Direitos Humanos , Humanos , América Latina , México/epidemiologia , Saúde Pública , Qualidade da Assistência à Saúde , Previdência Social , Nações UnidasRESUMO
This work is a review of the philosophical analysis surrounding the concept of "humanism" and what it means to be a human being, in relationship to daily life, education and medicine. The authors establish a direct relationship between humanism and bioethics as they relate to the new trends acquired through the development of institutional medicine and the increasing application of technological innovations in the health field. Both of these conditions tend to depersonalize the practice of medicine, and transform an ill person into a clinical file. Reflections are made about current topics, such as the knowledge and manipulation of human genome, assisted reproduction, abortion, survival of premature infants, organ transplants, technological innovation, euthanasia and disthanasia. Concepts and ideas are reviewed in relation to medical institutions and the sick, the physician and the community, and the physician and the government.
Assuntos
Humanismo , Filosofia Médica , Governo , Relações Hospital-Paciente , Humanos , Defesa do Paciente , Relações Médico-Paciente , Responsabilidade SocialRESUMO
For the past several years, Mexico has experienced vast transitions which have had an effect on the state of health and the form in which its inhabitants are adequately cared for. The transitions--demographic, epidemiological, cultural/educational, economic, social, and political--show us how changes in the area of health come about. These can be grouped into two categories: (1) a new look at health care and (2) the accelerated progress in biomedical investigation. With regard to health care, the changes are directed towards a preventative emphasis rather than a curative one. This leads us to structural and functional redefinitions of health services. The government, since the past century, has put several experiments into practice (for the purpose of protecting vulnerable groups) by establishing institutions that have served as a foundation for the National Health System. These efforts intend to offer to everyone equal opportunities for the enjoyment of health. The second category shows the accelerated pace of biomedical research and its resulting beneficial achievements. It is now possible to offer better attention with more specific diagnosis and more efficient therapeutic measures.
Assuntos
Saúde Pública/tendências , Mudança Social , Cultura , Humanos , México , Dinâmica Populacional , Atenção Primária à Saúde/tendências , Fatores SocioeconômicosAssuntos
Desastres , Saúde Pública , Atenção à Saúde , Emergências , Necessidades e Demandas de Serviços de Saúde , Humanos , MéxicoAssuntos
Planejamento em Saúde/organização & administração , Política de Saúde , Administração de Serviços de Saúde , Planejamento em Saúde/economia , Planejamento em Saúde/legislação & jurisprudência , Diretrizes para o Planejamento em Saúde , Política de Saúde/economia , Política de Saúde/legislação & jurisprudência , Promoção da Saúde/economia , Recursos em Saúde/economia , Humanos , México , PesquisaAssuntos
Programas Nacionais de Saúde/organização & administração , Participação da Comunidade , Política de Saúde , Serviços de Saúde/provisão & distribuição , História do Século XX , Relações Interinstitucionais , Legislação como Assunto , México , Programas Nacionais de Saúde/história , Administração em Saúde Pública , Previdência Social/organização & administraçãoAssuntos
Relações Interinstitucionais , Indústria Farmacêutica , Saúde Ambiental , Serviços de Planejamento Familiar , Planejamento em Saúde , Recursos em Saúde , Pesquisa sobre Serviços de Saúde , Humanos , México , Programas Nacionais de Saúde , Administração em Saúde Pública , Transtornos Relacionados ao Uso de Substâncias/prevenção & controleRESUMO
In keeping with the global goal of health for all, the National Development Plan of Mexico describes health as a social right. To give effect to this right it is felt that the health sector must be restructured so as, among other purposes, to improve the coverage of services and strengthen the coordination of education institutions and social security agencies with health establishments, and to make the training of health personnel responsive to the country's real needs. No profession is better suited than nursing to the diversity of tasks in primary care. The authors describe the key role of this personnel in extending the coverage of health services to the entire population. They enumerate the range of basic--technical, administrative and educational--functions performed by nurses, and some factors that reinforce and others that restrict the contribution of nursing to primary health care in Mexico.