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OBJECTIVES: to describe the family's experience in relation to daily life with a family member experiencing mental suffering. METHODS: a qualitative, descriptive, phenomenological study grounded in Merleau-Ponty's ontology of experience was conducted in ten households in a city in the state of Bahia, Brazil, where 24 participants of the Intersubjectivity Wheels reside. The descriptions produced were subjected to the Ambiguity Analytics technique. RESULTS: the descriptions were categorized into: absence as a creative power of the sense of "being" and "not being a family"; and exclusion and acceptance as expressions of mental suffering in the family context. FINAL CONSIDERATIONS: the experience of mental suffering in the family's daily life is marked by ambiguous feelings, such as joy and sadness, disappointment and satisfaction, lack of love and love. However, experiencing these feelings can mobilize the desire to "become" a family, increase the sense of autonomy and independence, and drive the formation of new family configurations.

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A Paraíba conta com a segunda maior cobertura de Atenção Básica (AB) do país, todavia ainda enfrenta a tendência nacional da disparidade na concentração de médicos entre as macrorregiões de saúde. A ampliação no provimento destes profissionais ao longo dos anos, rendeu ao Estado um incremento quantitativo, entre 2012 e 2015, de 21%, dos quais 3% decorreram do Programa Mais Médicos (PMM). O objetivo deste artigo é avaliar a percepção dos médicos e gestores participantes do programa na Paraíba, apontando potencialidades e fragilidades. Trata-se de um estudo exploratório-descritivo, qualitativo, no qual foram entrevistados médicos e gestores de 13 municípios da Paraíba. Realizaram-se entrevistas com roteiro semiestruturado, as quais foram gravadas, transcritas e analisadas através da análise de conteúdo, com a classificação sistemática dos relatos. Médicos e gestores concordaram quanto ao impacto positivo do programa no acesso ao serviço e na qualidade do cuidado da AB. Os gestores relataram diferenciais dos médicos participantes em relação aos não participantes do programa: maior comprometimento profissional, perfil mais voltado à AB e uma relação com a comunidade marcada pela proximidade e pelo vínculo. Os médicos destacaram como incentivos relevantes a maior autonomia, estabilidade contratual e boa remuneração. Ambos grupos se queixaram de problemas no deslocamento, alta demanda de atendimento e dificuldade na fixação de médico no interior. Os médicos cubanos foram descritos como profissionais de alta dedicação e humanização, porém, houve críticas quanto à linguagem e às condutas terapêuticas. As entrevistas analisadas permitem inferir que o Mais Médicos trouxe mudanças que ultrapassam a presença do médico na Unidade de Saúde da Família, pois levou a impactos na qualidade do cuidado, no vínculo com a comunidade, bem como na relação da equipe.

The Paraíbahas the second largest coverage of Primary Care (AB) in the country, however it still faces the national trend of disparity in the concentration of physicians between health macro-regions. The expansion in the provision of these professionals over the years, gave the State a quantitative increase, between 2012 and 2015, of 21%, of which 3% resulted from the More Doctors Program (PMM). The objective of this article is to evaluate the perception of doctors and managers participating in the programin the Paraíba, pointing out strengths and weaknesses. This is an exploratory-descriptive, qualitative study, in which physicians and managers from 13 municipalities of the 20th century were interviewed. Interviews were carried out with a semi-structured script, which were recorded, transcribed and analyzed through content analysis, with the systematic classification of reports. Physicians and managers agreed on the positive impact of the program on access to the service and quality of PC care. Managers reported differences between participating physicians and non-participants in the program: greater professional commitment, a profile more focused on PC and a relationship with the community marked by proximity and bonding. Physicians highlighted greater autonomy, contractual stability and good remuneration as relevant incentives. Both groups complained of problems with commuting, high demand for care and difficulty finding a doctor in the countryside. Cuban doctors were described as professionals of high dedication and humanization, however, there was criticism regarding the language and therapeutic approaches. The interviews analyzed allow us to infer that Mais Médicos brought about changes that go beyond the presence of the doctor in the Family Health Unit,as it led to impacts on the quality of care, on the bond with the community, as well as on the team's relationship.

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OBJECTIVES: Alterations in cardiovascular and skeletal muscle function are hallmarks of ageing that lead to exercise intolerance. We aimed to examine whether the treatment with Euterpe oleracea Mart. seed extract (ASE) associated with exercise training improves aerobic exercise performance by promoting healthy ageing in the elderly. METHODS: Male Wistar rats were divided into five groups: Young (3 months), Old (18 months), Old+ASE (ASE 200 mg/kg/day), Old+Training (exercise training 30 min/day; 5 days/week) and Old+Training+ASE, for 4 weeks. KEY FINDINGS: ASE treatment increased the exercise time and the running distance concerning the initial maximal treadmill stress test (MTST) in the Old+Training+ASE group. Exercise training or ASE treatment restored the aorta oxidative damage and antioxidant defence. It reduced the acetylcholine (ACh)-induced vasodilation in the aorta of old animals to the same values as the young and improved hypertension. Only the association of both strategies restored the ACh-induced vasodilation in mesentery arteries. Remarkably, exercise training associated with ASE increased the antioxidant defence, nitrite levels and expression of the mitochondrial SIRT-1, PGC1α in soleus muscle homogenates. CONCLUSIONS: ASE treatment associated with exercise training contributes to better exercise performance and tolerance in ageing by improving vascular function, oxidative stress and activating the muscle SIRT-1/PGC-1α pathway.

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The aluminum has mechanical properties enable to a better finishing in welded region. However, it fails eventually when a dynamic load is applied. This study estimated the damage by multiaxial fatigue present in welded joints of bicycle frames, the methodologies of analysis are based on Findley's and Dang Van's Methods. Seven experiments were performed on two pipes with welded joints. These pipes were choosen according to Bike S/A data, numerical simulations in bicycle frame and previous analysis of specialized literature. Therefore, lifespan result of frame, in function the distance, is 3 × 1 0 4 km - 5.5 × 1 0 4 km.

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ABSTRACT Objectives: to describe the family's experience in relation to daily life with a family member experiencing mental suffering. Methods: a qualitative, descriptive, phenomenological study grounded in Merleau-Ponty's ontology of experience was conducted in ten households in a city in the state of Bahia, Brazil, where 24 participants of the Intersubjectivity Wheels reside. The descriptions produced were subjected to the Ambiguity Analytics technique. Results: the descriptions were categorized into: absence as a creative power of the sense of "being" and "not being a family"; and exclusion and acceptance as expressions of mental suffering in the family context. Final Considerations: the experience of mental suffering in the family's daily life is marked by ambiguous feelings, such as joy and sadness, disappointment and satisfaction, lack of love and love. However, experiencing these feelings can mobilize the desire to "become" a family, increase the sense of autonomy and independence, and drive the formation of new family configurations.

RESUMEN Objetivos: describir la experiencia de la familia en relación con la vida diaria de un miembro familiar que experimenta sufrimiento mental. Métodos: se realizó un estudio cualitativo, descriptivo y fenomenológico basado en la ontología de la experiencia de Merleau-Ponty en diez hogares de una ciudad en el estado de Bahía, Brasil, donde residen 24 participantes de los Círculos de Intersubjetividad. Las descripciones producidas fueron sometidas a la técnica de Análisis de Ambigüedad. Resultados: las descripciones se clasificaron en: la ausencia como un poder creativo del sentido de "ser" y "no ser una familia"; y la exclusión y aceptación como expresiones del sufrimiento mental en el contexto familiar. Consideraciones Finales: la experiencia del sufrimiento mental en la vida diaria de la familia está marcada por sentimientos ambiguos, como alegría y tristeza, decepción y satisfacción, falta de amor y amor. Sin embargo, experimentar estos sentimientos puede movilizar el deseo de "convertirse" en una familia, aumentar el sentido de autonomía e independencia, y promover la formación de nuevas configuraciones familiares.

RESUMO Objetivos: descrever a experiência da família em relação ao cotidiano com o familiar em sofrimento mental. Métodos: estudo qualitativo, descritivo, do tipo fenomenológico, fundamentado na ontologia da experiência de Merleau-Ponty, realizado em dez domicílios de uma cidade do estado da Bahia (Brasil), onde residem os 24 participantes das Rodas de Intersubjetividade. As descrições produzidas foram submetidas à técnica Analítica da Ambiguidade. Resultados: as descrições foram categorizadas em: ausência como potência criadora do sentido de "ser" e "não ser família"; e exclusão e acolhimento como expressão do sofrimento mental no contexto da família. Considerações Finais: a experiência do sofrimento mental no cotidiano da família é marcada por sentimentos ambíguos, como alegria e tristeza, decepção e satisfação, desamor e amor. Entretanto, a vivência desses sentimentos pode mobilizar o desejo de "tornar-se" família, aumentar o senso de autonomia e independência, e impulsionar a formação de novas configurações familiares.

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Este artigo faz um balanço do Programa Mais Médicos (PMM), considerando seus três eixos, no período de 2013 a 2021, analisando a influência de atores sociais coletivos na implementação e nos processos de (re)formulação no programa, bem como compara normativamente o PMM com o Programa Médicos pelo Brasil (PMPB). Trata-se de um estudo de caso, que usou recursos teóricos dos estudos de implementação de políticas, do neoinstitucionalismo histórico e da teoria da mudança institucional gradual para analisar documentos, bibliografia, dados secundários e entrevistas semiestruturadas com dirigentes das políticas nacionais de regulação, formação e provimento. Focando a análise na caracterização do processo de implementação, nas continuidades e mudanças institucionais e na distribuição de recursos, no contexto político e na posição e ação de atores coletivos relevantes, o artigo descreve e analisa a implementação do programa em cada um de seus três eixos ­ infraestrutura, formação e provimento ­ e mostra que ela pode ser dividida em quatro fases: implementação inicial acelerada, implementação sustentada, implementação parcialmente bloqueada e implementação residual. Sua maior contribuição é a compreensão do que mudou e os motivos pelos quais mudou, bem como a provocação da reflexão sobre a sustentabilidade de políticas que buscam enfrentar as insuficiências na oferta e na formação médica, mesmo contra a posição hegemônica das entidades médicas.

This paper evaluates the Mais Médicos Program (PMM) in its three axes from 2013 to 2021, analyzing how collective social actors influenced its implementation and (re)formulation processes, and normatively compares the PMM with the Médicos pelo Brasil Program (PMPB). BaseD on theoretical resources from policy implementation studies, historical neo-institutionalism and the theory of gradual institutional change, this case study analyzes documents, bibliography, secondary data, and semi-structured interviews with leaders of national regulatory, training, and provision policies. Focused on the implementation process characteristics, on institutional continuities and changes, and on the distribution of resources, the political context and the position and action of relevant collective actors, the text describes and analyzes the PMM implementation in each of its three axes ­ infrastructure, training and provision ­, demonstrating that it can be divided into four phases: initial accelerated implementation, sustained implementation, partially blocked implementation and residual implementation. It contributes to an in-depth understanding of what has changed and the reasons for such change, as well as to provoke reflection on the sustainability of policies that seek to address shortcomings in medical supply and education, even against the hegemony of medical entities.

Este artículo analiza el Programa Más Médicos (PMM) a partir de la influencia de los actores sociales colectivos en los procesos de la puesta en marcha y (re)formulación de este programa teniendo en cuenta sus tres ejes, en el periodo de 2013 a 2021, así como lo compara con el Programa Médicos para Brasil (PMPB). Se trata de un estudio de caso, que utilizó recursos teóricos de los estudios de implementación de políticas, el neoinstitucionalismo histórico y la teoría del cambio institucional gradual para analizar documentos, bibliografía, datos secundarios y entrevistas semiestructuradas a líderes de políticas nacionales de regulación, formación y provisión. A partir del análisis que se centró en la caracterización del proceso de la puesta en marcha, en las continuidades y cambios institucionales y distribución de recursos, en el contexto político y en la posición y acción de los actores colectivos relevantes, el artículo describe y analiza la puesta en marcha del programa en cada uno de sus tres ejes ­ infraestructura, capacitación y provisión­ y muestra su división en cuatro fases: implementación inicial acelerada, implementación sostenida, implementación parcialmente bloqueada e implementación residual. Su mayor aporte es la comprensión de lo que ha cambiado y las razones por las que ha cambiado, así como el hecho de incitar la reflexión sobre la sostenibilidad de las políticas que buscan atender las insuficiencias en la oferta y formación médica, incluso frente a la posición hegemónica de las entidades médicas.

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Vasoplegic endothelial dysfunction stands out as one of the most prominent shock syndromes in the intensive care unit, and despite continual therapeutic advances, it is still associated with poor prognosis in critical cases. This scenario is compatible with a significant inflammatory disturbance, with a propensity for increased vascular permeability and deterioration of endothelial response to modulators: a microcirculation disaster. The hemodynamic support's backbone is based primarily on fluid replacement and the use of vasopressor and inotropic agents in nonresponsive patients, aiming to establish a mean arterial pressure of at least 65 mmHg and therefore promote adequate tissue reperfusion. The present study's primary target is to discuss the combination of 3 concepts as a useful strategy for improving results against the high rates of mortality in critically ill patients. These 3 concepts are (1) the use of "broad-spectrum vasopressors," (2) vasopressorsparing strategy, and (3) microcirculation protection.

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In December 2019, the institutional affirmative action "Onde elas estão?" ("Where are they?") was launched for the mitigation of gender inequality in the STEM disciplines in Brazil, coincidentally in the same period which the first reports of the COVID-19 pandemic appeared in the city of Wuhan, China. Unfortunately, when evaluating the initiative through different approaches belonging to the Diversity, Equity, Inclusion, and Respect (DEIR) theories, the presence of implicit biases and the invisibility of underrepresented minorities was observed. Approximately 77.5% of the female scientists participating in the initiative were white and belonging to the wealthiest regions (75%) and with the greatest contribution to Brazil's Gross Domestic Product (GDP). On the other hand, Black, Indigenous, and Asian female chemists were not identified, nor were female chemists belonging to the North Region (Brazilian Amazon Region). The DEIR practice "Onde elas estão?" has an important role in the dissemination of highly qualified Brazilian female chemists and provides an important source of engagement and sense of community for future generations of female students to avoid abandoning STEM subjects. However, adjustments are needed that take into account greater Diversity, Inclusion, Equity, and Respect.

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Obesity is recognized as an independent risk factor for cardiovascular diseases and is an important contributor to cardiac mortality. Açaí seed extract (ASE), rich in proanthocyanidins, has been shown to have potential anti-obesity effects. This study aimed to investigate the therapeutic effect of ASE in cardiovascular remodeling associated with obesity and compare it with that of rosuvastatin. Male C57BL/6 mice were fed a high-fat diet or a standard diet for 12 weeks. The ASE (300 mg/kg/day) and rosuvastatin (20 mg/kg/day) treatments started in the 8th week until the 12th week, totaling 4 weeks of treatment. Our data showed that treatment with ASE and rosuvastatin reduced body weight, ameliorated lipid profile, and improved cardiovascular remodeling. Treatment with ASE but not rosuvastatin reduced hyperglycemia and oxidative stress by reducing immunostaining of 8-isoprostane and increasing SOD-1 and GPx expression in HFD mice. ASE and rosuvastatin reduced NOX4 expression, increased SIRT-1 and Nrf2 expression and catalase and GPx activities, and improved vascular and cardiac remodeling in HFD mice. The therapeutic effect of ASE was similar to that of rosuvastatin in reducing dyslipidemia and cardiovascular remodeling but was superior in reducing oxidative damage and hyperglycemia, suggesting that ASE was a promising natural product for the treatment of cardiovascular alterations associated with obesity.

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BACKGROUND: Providing sufficient numbers of human resources for health is essential for effective and accessible health services. Between 2013 and 2018, the Brazilian Ministry of Health implemented the Programa Mais Médicos (PMM) (More Doctors Programme) to increase the supply of primary care doctors in underserved areas of the country. This study investigated the association between PMM and infant health outcomes and assessed if heterogeneity in the impact of PMM varied by municipal socio-economic factors and health indicators. METHODS: An ecological longitudinal (panel) study design was employed to analyse data from 5565 Brazilian municipalities over a 12-year period between 2007 and 2018. A differences-in-differences approach was implemented using longitudinal fixed effect regression models to compare infant health outcomes in municipalities receiving a PMM doctor with those that did not receive a PMM doctor. The impact of PMM was assessed on aggregate and in municipality subgroups. RESULTS: On aggregate, the PMM was not significantly associated with changes in infant or neonatal mortality, but the PMM was associated with reductions in infant mortality rate (IMR) (of - 0.21; 95% CI: - 0.38, - 0.03) in municipalities with highest IMR prior to the programme's implementation (where (IMR) > 25.2 infant deaths per 1000 live births). The PMM was also associated with an increase in the proportion of expectant mothers receiving seven or more prenatal care visits but only in municipalities with a lower IMR at baseline and high density of non-PMM doctors and community health workers before the PMM. CONCLUSIONS: The PMM was associated with reduced infant mortality in municipalities with the highest infant mortality rate prior to the programme. This suggests effectiveness of the PMM was limited only to the areas of greatest need. New programmes to improve the equitable provision of human resources for health should employ comprehensive targeting approaches balancing health needs and socio-economic factors to maximize effectiveness.

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Vasoplegic syndrome (VS) comprises a constellation of concurrent signs and symptoms: hypotension, high cardiac index, low systemic vascular resistance, low filling pressures, the tendency to occur diffuse bleeding, and sustained hypotension. All of these parameters may persist even despite the use of high doses of vasoconstrictor amines. VS arises from vasoplegic endothelial dysfunction with excessive release of nitric oxide by polymorphonuclear leukocytes mediated by the nitric oxide synthase's inducible form and is associated with systemic inflammatory reaction and high morbimortality. The achievements regarding the treatment of VS with methylene blue (MB) are a valuable Brazilian contribution to cardiac surgery. The present text review was designed to deliver the accumulated knowledge in the past ten years of employing MB to treat VS after cardiac surgery. Considering that we have already published two papers describing acquired experiences and concepts after 15 and 20 years, now, as we achieve the 30-year mark, we compose a trilogy.

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Abstract Vasoplegic syndrome (VS) comprises a constellation of concurrent signs and symptoms: hypotension, high cardiac index, low systemic vascular resistance, low filling pressures, the tendency to occur diffuse bleeding, and sustained hypotension. All of these parameters may persist even despite the use of high doses of vasoconstrictor amines. VS arises from vasoplegic endothelial dysfunction with excessive release of nitric oxide by polymorphonuclear leukocytes mediated by the nitric oxide synthase's inducible form and is associated with systemic inflammatory reaction and high morbimortality. The achievements regarding the treatment of VS with methylene blue (MB) are a valuable Brazilian contribution to cardiac surgery. The present text review was designed to deliver the accumulated knowledge in the past ten years of employing MB to treat VS after cardiac surgery. Considering that we have already published two papers describing acquired experiences and concepts after 15 and 20 years, now, as we achieve the 30-year mark, we compose a trilogy.

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Intrauterine hypoxia-ischemia (HI) provides a strong stimulus for a developmental origin of both the central nervous system and cardiovascular diseases. This study aimed to investigate vascular functional and structural changes, oxidative stress damage, and behavioral alterations in adult male offspring submitted to HI during pregnancy. The pregnant Wistar rats had a uterine artery clamped for 45 min on the 18th gestational day, submitting the offspring to hypoxic-ischemic conditions. The Sham group passed to the same surgical procedure as the HI rats, without occlusion of the maternal uterine artery, and the controls consisted of non-manipulated healthy animals. After weaning, the male pups were divided into three groups: control, sham, and HI, according to the maternal procedure. At postnatal day 90 (P90), the adult male offspring performed the open field and forced swim tests. In P119, the rats had their blood pressure checked and were euthanized. Prenatal HI induced a depressive behavior in adult male offspring associated with a reduced vasodilator response to acetylcholine in perfused mesenteric arterial bed, and reduced superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase activities in the aorta compared to control and sham groups. Prenatal HI also increased the vasoconstrictor response to norepinephrine, the media thickness, collagen deposition, and the oxidative damage in the aorta from adult male offspring compared to control and sham groups. Our results suggest an association among prenatal HI and adult vascular structural and functional changes, oxidative stress damage, and depressive behavior.

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ABSTRACT Objective To make a critical and comparative analysis of curricula of Brazilian and Portuguese higher education institutions in terms of clock hours and semester distribution of food and nutrition education in undergraduate nutrition programs, also assessing the main differences among courses classified into thematic axes and professional practice areas. Methods The curricula of fifteen Brazilian and eleven Portuguese nutrition programs were collected and classified into thematic axes and professional practice areas with the method of Document Analysis. Next, we performed statistical analysis regarding the total and proportional clock hours of instruction and their semester distribution to assess the differences between the two countries. The variables of interest were the hours of Food and Nutrition Education and their semester distribution. Results The Food and Nutrition Education axis was the second smallest one, with statistically significant differences among the axes (2.2% of curricula; p<0.001). Brazilian higher education institutions showed greater total clock hours of Food and Nutrition Education (p=0.018), Human and Social Sciences (p=0.003), Public Health (p<0.001), as well as a wider dispersion and lower relative weighted mean for the semester offering of courses (p=0.004) of Food and Nutrition Education courses. Portuguese higher education institutions showed greater total and proportional clock hours of instruction for Exact Sciences (p<0.005; p=0.001, respectively) and more proportional hours of Biologic and Health Sciences (p<0.001). Conclusion Our study found a reduced presence of the area of Food and Nutrition Education in the undergraduate training of nutritionists in both countries.

RESUMO Objetivo Realizar uma análise crítica e comparativa das horas de instrução e distribuição semestral da Educação Alimentar e Nutricional nos cursos de graduação em nutrição. Além disso, analisar as principais diferenças entre disciplinas classificadas em Eixos Temáticos e em Áreas De Atuação Profissional de currículos de cursos de nutrição das Instituições de Ensino Superior brasileiras e portuguesas. Métodos Os currículos de quinze instituições brasileiras e onze portuguesas foram coletados, e o método Análise Documental foi usado para classificar as disciplinas de cada curso em Eixos Temáticos e em Áreas de Prática Profissional. Em seguida, foi feita uma análise estatística das horas de aula totais e proporcionais e do semestre de oferta, para verificar a diferença entre os países. As horas de instrução de Educação Alimentar e Nutricional e a distribuição semestral foram as variáveis de interesse. Resultados O eixo Educação Alimentar e Nutricional foi o segundo menor, com diferença estatisticamente significativa entre eixos (2,2% dos currículos; p<0,001). As Instituições de Ensino Superior brasileiras apresentaram maior carga horária absoluta para Educação Alimentar e Nutricional (p=0,018), Ciências Humanas e Sociais (p=0,003) e Saúde Pública (p<0,001), e maior dispersão e menor média ponderada relativa de localização do curso (p=0,004) para as disciplinas de Educação Alimentar e Nutricional. As Instituições de Ensino Superior portuguesas apresentaram maior carga horária absoluta e proporcional em Ciências Exatas (p<0.005; p=0,001 respectivamente) e maior proporcional em Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde (p<0.005). Conclusão Este estudo encontrou uma presença reduzida da área de Educação Alimentar e Nutricional na formação de nutricionistas em ambos os países.

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Objetivo: descrever a experiência de famílias que vivenciam o sofrimento mental em dispositivos existenciais presentes no território. Método: estudo descritivo, de abordagem qualitativa, fundamentado na fenomenologia de Merleau-Ponty. Com aprovação do comitê de ética em pesquisa, o estudo foi desenvolvido entre julho de 2017 e junho de 2018 em um município da Bahia, Brasil, com a participação de dez famílias, representadas por 24 pessoas. Os dados foram coletados por meio de entrevistas fenomenológicas e rodas de intersubjetividade, tendo sido analisados pela técnica analítica da ambiguidade. Resultados: as descrições foram categorizadas em: família como lugar de re(construção) de virtudes relacionais e liberdade como dispositivo existencial de cuidado. Conclusão: o estudo demostrou o potencial da família para se constituir como espaço de promoção de virtudes e fortalecimento de vínculos; e ressaltou a importância da construção e valorização de experiências dialógicas, a exemplo das rodas de intersubjetividade, que se mostraram como relevante estratégia de cuidado em saúde mental.

Objective: to describe the experience of families who experience mental suffering in existential spaces in the territory. Method: this qualitative, descriptive study, based on the phenomenology of Merleau-Ponty and approved by the research ethics committee, was conducted between July 2017 and June 2018 in a municipality in Bahia, Brazil, with the participation of ten families, represented by 24 people. Data were collected in phenomenological interviews and intersubjectivity groups, and then analyzed using the ambiguity analysis technique. Results: the resulting descriptions were categorized into the family as a place for re(building) relational virtues and freedom as an existential space for care. Conclusion: the study demonstrated the family's potential to constitute a space for promoting virtues and strengthening bonds, and highlighted the importance of building and valuing dialogical experiences, such as the intersubjectivity groups, which proved to be a substantial mental health care strategy.

Objetivo: describir la vivencia de familias que experimentan sufrimiento mental en espacios existenciales del territorio. Método: este estudio cualitativo, descriptivo, basado en la fenomenología de Merleau-Ponty y aprobado por el comité de ética en investigación, se realizó entre julio de 2017 y junio de 2018 en un municipio de Bahía, Brasil, con la participación de diez familias, representadas por 24 personas. Los datos fueron recolectados en entrevistas fenomenológicas y grupos de intersubjetividad, y luego analizados usando la técnica de análisis de ambigüedad. Resultados: las descripciones resultantes se categorizaron en la familia como lugar de reconstrucción de las virtudes relacionales y la libertad como espacio existencial para el cuidado. Conclusión: el estudio demostró el potencial de la familia para constituir un espacio de promoción de virtudes y fortalecimiento de vínculos, y destacó la importancia de construir y valorar experiencias dialógicas, como los grupos de intersubjetividad, que resultó ser una estrategia sustancial de atención en salud mental.

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Este trabalho tem por objeto as contribuições de Donald W. Winnicott acerca do fenômeno das toxicomanias, com o objetivo de apontar os desafios dessa clínica em nossas instituições de saúde. É apresentada uma síntese construída com base no trabalho do autor Décio Gurfinkel acerca do estatuto psicopatológico das adicções, numa perspectiva psicanalítica, para, posteriormente, pensá-lo à luz dos conceitos do processo de maturação de Winnicott. Ao fim, são empregados os conceitos apresentados para problematizar o campo das práticas clínicas. O fenômeno da toxicomania é apontado como extravio dos fenômenos transicionais ante a falha da sustentação ambiental para as experiências de ilusão primária, colocando o foco do trabalho clínico junto a esses usuários na sustentação da própria relação de cuidado, espaço potencial fértil para o sonhar e o simbolismo que se encontram alienados do sujeito adicto. Coloca-se como desafio para as instituições o aspecto tóxico que podem ganhar essas relações.

The contributions of Winnicott on the phenomenon of drug addiction are the object of this paper, being its aim to point out the challenges posed to this clinic in our health institutions. A synthesis from the work of Gurfinkel concerning the psychopathological status of addictions from a psychoanalytic point of view is discussed in accordance with the concepts of Winnicott’s maturing period. At the end, the concepts presented are used to problematize the field of clinical practice. Drug addiction is pointed out as a misplacement of transitional phenomena before the failure of environmental support for the experiences of primary illusion. Thus, the clinical work focus with these patients is set on the support of the care relationship itself, a fertile potential space for dreaming and symbolism, from which the addicted subject is alienated. The toxic aspect that can permeate these relationships is a challenge posed to the health institutions.

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This study aimed to build a job quality assessment model for the More Doctors Program (PMM, in Portuguese) based on participating physicians' job satisfaction, using structural equation modeling. The assessment drew on a database with answers to a questionnaire developed by a group of the program's supervisors in the State of Paraíba, Brazil, and applied to physicians between December 2015 and September 2016. Exploratory factor analysis was performed to extract significant attributes and form final dimensions, and later confirmatory factor analysis was used to assess the relationship between variables. The initially proposed satisfaction model underwent some changes based on the analyses, and the final model consisted of 49 variables grouped in 6 dimensions: medications, structure, characteristics of the program, support, printed materials, and equipment. Medications and structure were the constructs with the greatest effect on physician satisfaction (0.53 and 0.39), followed by program characteristics and support (both with 0.29). The instrument proposed in this article should allow a comprehensive view of aspects involved in physicians' job satisfaction, providing a point of departure for future analyses and validations on job quality in primary care.

O objetivo deste trabalho foi construir um modelo de avaliação da qualidade do trabalho no Programa Mais Médicos (PMM), baseado na satisfação do médico participante, utilizando a abordagem da modelagem de equações estruturais. Para isso, foi usado o banco de dados de respostas de um questionário desenvolvido por um grupo de supervisores do programa no Estado da Paraíba, Brasil, e aplicado aos médicos do estado entre dezembro de 2015 e setembro de 2016. Foi realizada análise fatorial exploratória para extrair os atributos significativos e formar as dimensões finais e, após, a análise fatorial confirmatória para avaliar a relação entre as variáveis. O modelo de satisfação proposto inicialmente sofreu algumas modificações com base nas análises, e o modelo final foi composto por 49 variáveis indicadoras agrupadas em seis dimensões: medicamentos, estrutura, aspectos do PMM, apoio, impressos e equipamentos. Medicamentos e estrutura foram os construtos com maior efeito direto na satisfação do médico (0,53 e 0,39), seguidos pelos aspectos do PMM e apoio (ambos com 0,29). Acredita-se que o instrumento proposto neste artigo possibilita uma visão ampla sobre os aspectos envolvidos na satisfação do trabalho do médico, sintetizando um ponto de partida para análises e validações posteriores sobre a qualidade do trabalho na atenção básica.

El objetivo de este trabajo fue construir un modelo de evaluación de la calidad del trabajo en el Programa Más Médicos (PMM), basado en la satisfacción del médico participante, utilizando el abordaje del modelado de ecuaciones estructurales. Con este fin, se utilizó el banco de datos de respuestas de un cuestionario desarrollado por un grupo de supervisores del programa en el Estado de Paraíba, Brasil, y aplicado a los médicos del estado entre diciembre de 2015 y setiembre de 2016. Se realizó un análisis factorial exploratorio para extraer los atributos significativos y formar las dimensiones finales y, posteriormente, el análisis factorial confirmatorio para evaluar la relación entre las variables. El modelo de satisfacción propuesto inicialmente sufrió algunas modificaciones a partir de los análisis y el modelo final estuvo compuesto por 49 variables indicadoras agrupadas en 6 dimensiones: medicamentos, estructura, aspectos del PMM, apoyo, impresos y equipamientos. Medicamentos y estructura fueron los constructos con mayor efecto directo en la satisfacción del médico (0,53 y 0,39), seguidos por los aspectos del PMM y apoyo (ambos con 0,29). Se cree que el instrumento propuesto en este artículo posibilita una visión amplia sobre los aspectos implicados en la satisfacción del trabajo del médico, sintetizando un punto de partida para el análisis y validaciones posteriores sobre la calidad del trabajo en la atención básica.

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RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Investing in human resources for health (HRH) is vital for achieving universal health care and the Sustainable Development Goals. The Programa Mais Médicos (PMM) (More Doctors Programme) provided 17,000 doctors, predominantly from Cuba, to work in Brazilian primary care. This study assesses whether PMM doctor allocation to municipalities was consistent with programme criteria and associated impacts on amenable mortality. METHODS: Difference-in-differences regression analysis, exploiting variation in PMM introduction across 5565 municipalities over the period 2008-2017, was employed to examine programme impacts on doctor density and mortality amenable to healthcare. Heterogeneity in effects was explored with respect to doctor allocation criteria and municipal doctor density prior to PMM introduction. RESULTS: After starting in 2013, PMM was associated with an increase in PMM-contracted primary care doctors of 15.1 per 100,000 population. However, largescale substitution of existing primary care doctors resulting in a net increase of only 5.7 per 100,000. Increases in both PMM and total primary care doctors were lower in priority municipalities due to lower allocation of PMM doctors and greater substitution effects. The PMM led to amenable mortality reductions of - 1.06 per 100,000 (95%CI: - 1.78 to - 0.34) annually - with greater benefits in municipalities prioritised for doctor allocation and where doctor density was low before programme implementation. CONCLUSIONS: PMM potential health benefits were undermined due to widespread allocation of doctors to non-priority areas and local substitution effects. Policies seeking to strengthen HRH should develop and implement needs-based criteria for resource allocation.

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