RESUMO

This research aimed to obtain a hematological and biochemical profile of buffalos (Bubalus bubalis) bred in a region of the Brazilian Legal Amazon. A total of 73 animals of mixed races, divided into three groups, were studied: group 1 (G1) comprised animals up to 11 months old; in group 2 (G2), subjects were 12 to 23 months old; and, in group 3 (G3), they were 24 months old and older. We performed the hematological analysis manually, and, for the biochemistry, we used biochemical analyzers. Age of the animals has influenced the monocyte count. The counting of these cells was higher (p > 0.05) in younger animals (G1). There was no difference (p > 0.05) in hematological parameters concerning sex. In regard to biochemistry, we found that age influenced results for albumin and urea. Animals from G1 had higher albumin values when compared to G2 and G3. Serum urea values were higher in animals from G3. Regarding the serum mineral parameters, there were no significant results when the different age groups and both sexes were compared. Thus, the hematological and biochemical values obtained can work as a reference for the bubaline species of animals bred in the studied region, under the same management and breeding conditions. Sex and age of the animals are necessary for the interpretation of the tests.

Assuntos

RESUMO

Paratuberculosis is an infectious, chronic, and incurable disease that affects ruminants, causing enteritis and chronic granulomatous lymphadenitis, characterized by malabsorption syndrome, its agent is the Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (MAP). Thus, the objective of this work was to identify and characterize MAP in buffalo herds slaughtered in Baixada Maranhense region. Samples of intestines, mesenteric lymph nodes, and ileocecal valves were collected from 115 buffaloes slaughtered at Baixada Maranhense slaughterhouses to perform the diagnosis by histopathological examination using staining with Hematoxylin and Eosin (H&E) and Ziehl-Neelsen, bacterial isolation, and real-time PCR. In the histopathology by H&E staining, there was evidence suggestive of paratuberculosis in 30% (31/115) of the buffaloes. With Ziehl-Neelsen staining, acid-fast bacilli (AFB) were visualized in 27% (26/115) of the tissue samples analyzed. MAP was isolated in 4.3% (5/115) of the fecal samples subjected to bacterial culture. The samples inoculated in HEYM with mycobactin J produced colonies identified with MAP according to their own morphological characteristics such as round, white, smooth and slightly rough, alcohol-acid staining, and slow growth with 8 weeks of incubation and mycobactin dependence. The agent confirmation was performed in five bacterial isolates (4.3%) and 15 (13%) fragments of jejunum, ileum, and mesenteric lymph node by the IS900 real-time PCR technique. The results of the present study demonstrate the subclinical occurrence of paratuberculosis in flocks of buffalo slaughtered in slaughterhouses of Baixada Maranhense.

Assuntos

RESUMO

The objective of this work was to evaluate the efficiency technique of fixation of the caudal curvature of the sigmoid flexure with myectomy of the penis retractor muscle and the performance of teaser bulls after surgery, through the detection of females in estrus, without performing the copulation. 12 teaser buffaloes were used without defined breed, with an average age of 20 months, weighing on average 200 kg. The animals were subjected to food and water fasting for 12 hours to provide tranquilization in advance. The surgical procedure consisted of the exteriorization of the sigmoid flexure, myectomy of  penis retractor muscle and fixation of the caudal curvature of the penis sigmoid flexure. Of the 12 evaluated teaser buffaloes in the libido test, 100% performed  the  flehmen reflex, mount attempt, incomplete and complete jump  with total inability of  the penis exposure.    It was concluded that this technique can be used safely, having  simplicity in its execution, effective results and mainly low cost, not interfering in the animals libido. The animals when tested as teaser buffaloes kept the libido during the experimental period with total inability of exposure of the penis.

O objetivo do presente trabalho foi avaliar a técnica de fixação da curvatura caudal da flexura sigmóide com miectomia do músculo retratordo pênis e o desempenho de rufiões bubalinos após cirurgia, através da detecção de fêmeas em estro, sem executar a cópula. Foram utilizados 12 bubalinos sem raça definida, com idade média de 20 meses, pesando em média 200 kg. Os animais foram submetidos ajejum alimentar e hídrico de 12 horas para tranquilização prévia. O procedimento cirúrgico constou naexteriorização da flexura sigmóide, miectomia do músculo retrator do pênis e fixação da curvatura caudal da flexura sigmóide do pênis. Dos 12 rufiões avaliados no teste de libido, 100% realizaram reflexode flehmen, tentativa de monta, salto incompleto e completo com total incapacidade de exposição do pênis. Conclui-se que esta técnica pode ser utilizada com segurança, apresentando simplicidade na sua execução, eficácia nos resultados e principalmente baixo custo, não interferindo na libidodos animais. Os animais quando testados como rufiões mantiveram a libido durante o período experimental com total incapacidade de exposição do pênis.

Assuntos

RESUMO

Caprine arthritis encephalitis and Maedi-Visna are lentiviruses affecting goats and sheep, respectively. Despite the literature having studies about these diseases, there is a constant demand and the need to study the health status of flocks that exploit economically. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the frequency of small ruminant lentiviruses explored in regional locations of Chapadinha and Itapecuru Mirim, that compose the microregion of Low Parnaíba, Maranhão, Brazil, as well as analyze the spatial distribution of outbreaks in the studied regions. Therefore, 241 properties were visited, where blood was collected in 1150 sheep and 1260 goats and tested by agar gel immunodiffusion (AGID). Epidemiological questionnaire was applied and collected the geographic coordinates. There was a low frequency for lentivirus, with 0.39% (5/1260) of goats and 0.08% (1/1150) of sheep. Regarding the spatial analysis, the reagent flocks were distributed in strategic cities for commercialization throughout the microregion. There was a low occurrence of lentiviruses. The municipalities of Cantanhede and Pirapemas of the regional of Itapecuru Mirim and Brejo and Magalhães de Almeida had reagent flocks for CAE. Whereas the municipality of Matões do Norte presented flock reagent to Maedi-Visna, this belonging to the regional of Chapadinha.

A artrite encefalite caprina e a Maedi-Visna são lentivírus que afetam cabras e ovelhas, respectivamente. Apesar da literatura apresentar estudos sobre essas doenças, existe uma demanda constante e a necessidade de se estudar o estado de saúde dos rebanhosexploradoseconomicamente. Portanto, este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar a frequência de lentivírus de pequenos ruminantes explorados nasregionais de Chapadinha e Itapecuru Mirim, que compõem a microrregião do Baixo Parnaíba, Maranhão, Brasil, bem como analisar a distribuição espacial dos surtos nas regiões estudadas. Para tanto, foram visitadas 241 propriedades, onde foi coletado sangue de 1150 ovelhas e 1260 cabras e testado por imunodifusão em gel de ágar (IDGA). Foi aplicado questionário epidemiológico e coletado as coordenadas geográficas. Houve baixa frequência para lentivírus, com 0,39% (5/1260) de caprinos e 0,08% (1/1150) de ovinos. Quanto à análise espacial, os rebanhos reagentes foram distribuídos em cidades estratégicas para comercialização em toda a microrregião. Houve baixa ocorrência de lentivírus. Os municípios de Catanhede e Pirapemas da regional de Itapecuru Mirime Brejo e Magalhães de Almeida possuíam rebanhos reagentes para CAE. Já o município de Matões do Norte apresentou reagente rebanho à Maedi-Visna, esta pertencente à regional de Chapadinha.

Assuntos

RESUMO

Caprine arthritis encephalitis and Maedi-Visna are lentiviruses affecting goats and sheep, respectively. Despite the literature having studies about these diseases, there is a constant demand and the need to study the health status of flocks that exploit economically. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the frequency of small ruminant lentiviruses explored in regional locations of Chapadinha and Itapecuru Mirim, that compose the microregion of Low Parnaíba, Maranhão, Brazil, as well as analyze the spatial distribution of outbreaks in the studied regions. Therefore, 241 properties were visited, where blood was collected in 1150 sheep and 1260 goats and tested by agar gel immunodiffusion (AGID). Epidemiological questionnaire was applied and collected the geographic coordinates. There was a low frequency for lentivirus, with 0.39% (5/1260) of goats and 0.08% (1/1150) of sheep. Regarding the spatial analysis, the reagent flocks were distributed in strategic cities for commercialization throughout the microregion. There was a low occurrence of lentiviruses. The municipalities of Cantanhede and Pirapemas of the regional of Itapecuru Mirim and Brejo and Magalhães de Almeida had reagent flocks for CAE. Whereas the municipality of Matões do Norte presented flock reagent to Maedi-Visna, this belonging to the regional of Chapadinha.  

A artrite encefalite caprina e a Maedi-Visna são lentivírus que afetam cabras e ovelhas, respectivamente. Apesar da literatura apresentar estudos sobre essas doenças, existe uma demanda constante e a necessidade de se estudar o estado de saúde dos rebanhosexploradoseconomicamente. Portanto, este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar a frequência de lentivírus de pequenos ruminantes explorados nasregionais de Chapadinha e Itapecuru Mirim, que compõem a microrregião do Baixo Parnaíba, Maranhão, Brasil, bem como analisar a distribuição espacial dos surtos nas regiões estudadas. Para tanto, foram visitadas 241 propriedades, onde foi coletado sangue de 1150 ovelhas e 1260 cabras e testado por imunodifusão em gel de ágar (IDGA). Foi aplicado questionário epidemiológico e coletado as coordenadas geográficas. Houve baixa frequência para lentivírus, com 0,39% (5/1260) de caprinos e 0,08% (1/1150) de ovinos. Quanto à análise espacial, os rebanhos reagentes foram distribuídos em cidades estratégicas para comercialização em toda a microrregião. Houve baixa ocorrência de lentivírus. Os municípios de Catanhede e Pirapemas da regional de Itapecuru Mirime Brejo e Magalhães de Almeida possuíam rebanhos reagentes para CAE. Já o município de Matões do Norte apresentou reagente rebanho à Maedi-Visna, esta pertencente à regional de Chapadinha.(AU)

Assuntos

RESUMO

The objective of this work was to evaluate the efficiency technique of fixation of the caudal curvature of the sigmoid flexure with myectomy of the penis retractor muscle and the performance of teaser bulls after surgery, through the detection of females in estrus, without performing the copulation. 12 teaser buffaloes were used without defined breed, with an average age of 20 months, weighing on average 200 kg. The animals were subjected to food and water fasting for 12 hours to provide tranquilization in advance. The surgical procedure consisted of the exteriorization of the sigmoid flexure, myectomy of  penis retractor muscle and fixation of the caudal curvature of the penis sigmoid flexure. Of the 12 evaluated teaser buffaloes in the libido test, 100% performed  the  flehmen reflex, mount attempt, incomplete and complete jump  with total inability of  the penis exposure.    It was concluded that this technique can be used safely, having  simplicity in its execution, effective results and mainly low cost, not interfering in the animals libido. The animals when tested as teaser buffaloes kept the libido during the experimental period with total inability of exposure of the penis.(AU)

O objetivo do presente trabalho foi avaliar a técnica de fixação da curvatura caudal da flexura sigmóide com miectomia do músculo retratordo pênis e o desempenho de rufiões bubalinos após cirurgia, através da detecção de fêmeas em estro, sem executar a cópula. Foram utilizados 12 bubalinos sem raça definida, com idade média de 20 meses, pesando em média 200 kg. Os animais foram submetidos ajejum alimentar e hídrico de 12 horas para tranquilização prévia. O procedimento cirúrgico constou naexteriorização da flexura sigmóide, miectomia do músculo retrator do pênis e fixação da curvatura caudal da flexura sigmóide do pênis. Dos 12 rufiões avaliados no teste de libido, 100% realizaram reflexode flehmen, tentativa de monta, salto incompleto e completo com total incapacidade de exposição do pênis. Conclui-se que esta técnica pode ser utilizada com segurança, apresentando simplicidade na sua execução, eficácia nos resultados e principalmente baixo custo, não interferindo na libidodos animais. Os animais quando testados como rufiões mantiveram a libido durante o período experimental com total incapacidade de exposição do pênis.(AU)

Assuntos

RESUMO

The objective of this research was to estimate the frequency, risk factors and mapping of outbreaks in ovine flocks in the State of Maranhao, Brazil, related to Leptospira spp. A total of 575 samples of blood serum from sheep were collected, from 116 flocks, and 20 municipalities. An epidemiological questionnaire was applied to verify the association of risk factors. Microscopic Agglutination Test (MAT) was used for 24 serovars of Leptospira spp. 100% of the flocks (116) and 94.43% of animals (543/575) were reagents for at least one of the 24 serovars tested. The most frequent serovars were Sentot (236, 41.04%), Hadjo (197, 34.26%), Adamana (178; 30.95%), Pomona (158, 27.47%) and Autumnallis (148, 25.73%). The presence of rodents, felines, goats, pigs and wild animals had a statistically significant association (p < 0.05) with the occurrence of Leptospira spp. It was concluded that the frequency of Leptospiraspp was high in sheep from the State of Maranhao. However, all municipalities had infected animals, therefore, it is considered necessary to implement sanitary measures for the control and prevention of this disease in ovine flocks in the state of Maranhao.

Assuntos

RESUMO

The objective of this research was to estimate the frequency, risk factors and mapping of outbreaks in ovine flocks in the State of Maranhao, Brazil, related to Leptospira spp. A total of 575 samples of blood serum from sheep were collected, from 116 flocks, and 20 municipalities. An epidemiological questionnaire was applied to verify the association of risk factors. Microscopic Agglutination Test (MAT) was used for 24 serovars of Leptospira spp. 100% of the flocks (116) and 94.43% of animals (543/575) were reagents for at least one of the 24 serovars tested. The most frequent serovars were Sentot (236, 41.04%), Hadjo (197, 34.26%), Adamana (178; 30.95%), Pomona (158, 27.47%) and Autumnallis (148, 25.73%). The presence of rodents, felines, goats, pigs and wild animals had a statistically significant association (p < 0.05) with the occurrence of Leptospira spp. It was concluded that the frequency of Leptospiraspp was high in sheep from the State of Maranhao. However, all municipalities had infected animals, therefore, it is considered necessary to implement sanitary measures for the control and prevention of this disease in ovine flocks in the state of Maranhao.(AU)

Assuntos

RESUMO

The present studys aim was to determine frequency, risk factors and mapping outbreaks in dairy cattle of Maranhão state, Brazil, associated to Leptospira spp. Four hundred and twenty samples of blood serum from females were analyzed, age 24  months, selected in a random way, distributed in 70 herds from 14 townships. An epidemiological questionnaire was applied to investigate possible factors that could have been associated to the infection. Serum samples were submitted to the serum agglutination test (SAT). It was used 24 serovars from the Leptospira spp. complex. From the analyzed samples, 70 (100%) for herds and 420 (100%) for animals were reagent to at least one of the Leptospira spp. serovar, reaching titles between 100 and 800. The most prevalent serovars were Patoc (410/420; 97%), Castellonis (351/420; 84%), Hardjo (347/420; 83%), Hebdomadis (335/420; 80%), Sentot (328/420; 78%), Wolffi (330/420; 79%), Icterohaemorrhagiae (300/420; 71%) and Pomona (286/420; 69%). From the variables considered as risk factors, the not utilization of artificial insemination, mixed herds of goats, sheeps, equines and canines in the properties, and the birth of calves in the non-rainy period showed significant statistical association (p 0.05) to the risk of infection with Leptospira interrogans. The results show elevated levels of leptospirosis frequency in dairy cattle herd from Maranhão state. Therefore, there is a necessity to implement strategies consisting of vaccinations with region serovares and serological exams, establishment of quarantine for arrival of new animals, monitoring existent herds in the properties and notification of the disease to the State Animal Health Agency.

O presente estudo teve como objetivo determinar a frequência, os fatores de risco e o mapeamento de focos em rebanhos leiteiros do estado do Maranhão, Brasil, associados à Leptospira spp. Foram colhidas 420 amostras de soros sanguíneos de fêmeas com idade 24 meses selecionadas de forma aleatória simples, distribuí- das em 70 rebanhos provenientes de 14 municípios. Foi aplicado um questionário epidemiológico para investigar os principais fatores de riscos associados à infecção. As amostras foram submetidas à prova de soroaglutinação microscópica (SAM), sendo utilizados 24 sorovares de Leptospira spp. Das amostras analisadas, 70 (100%) para rebanhos e 420 (100%) para animais foram reagentes a pelo menos um dos sorovares de Leptospira spp., com títulos variáveis entre 100 e 800. Os sorovares mais prevalentes foram Patoc (410/420; 97%), Castellonis (351/420; 84%), Hardjo (347/420; 83%), Hebdomadis (335/420; 80%), Sentot (328/420; 78%), Wolffi (330/420; 79%), Icterohaemorrhagiae (300/420; 71%) e Pomona (286/420; 69%). As variáveis não realização de inseminação artificial, criação conjunta de caprinos, ovinos, equinos e caninos e maior taxa de nascimento de bezerros no período seco apresentaram associação estatística significativa (p 0,05) à ocorrência de animais sororreagentes para Leptospira interrogans e foram considerados fatores de risco. Os resultados revelaram elevados títulos aglutinantes para diversos sorovares de Leptospira no rebanho bovino leiteiro do estado do Maranhão. Esses resultados demonstram a necessidade de implementação de estratégias que consistem na realização de vacinações, preferencialmente com sorovares regionais, exames sorológicos, aquisição de animais de propriedades idôneas, efetivação de quarentena ao ingresso de novos animais e notificação da doença na Agência de Defesa Agropecuária do Estado.

Assuntos

RESUMO

The present studys aim was to determine frequency, risk factors and mapping outbreaks in dairy cattle of Maranhão state, Brazil, associated to Leptospira spp. Four hundred and twenty samples of blood serum from females were analyzed, age 24  months, selected in a random way, distributed in 70 herds from 14 townships. An epidemiological questionnaire was applied to investigate possible factors that could have been associated to the infection. Serum samples were submitted to the serum agglutination test (SAT). It was used 24 serovars from the Leptospira spp. complex. From the analyzed samples, 70 (100%) for herds and 420 (100%) for animals were reagent to at least one of the Leptospira spp. serovar, reaching titles between 100 and 800. The most prevalent serovars were Patoc (410/420; 97%), Castellonis (351/420; 84%), Hardjo (347/420; 83%), Hebdomadis (335/420; 80%), Sentot (328/420; 78%), Wolffi (330/420; 79%), Icterohaemorrhagiae (300/420; 71%) and Pomona (286/420; 69%). From the variables considered as risk factors, the not utilization of artificial insemination, mixed herds of goats, sheeps, equines and canines in the properties, and the birth of calves in the non-rainy period showed significant statistical association (p 0.05) to the risk of infection with Leptospira interrogans. The results show elevated levels of leptospirosis frequency in dairy cattle herd from Maranhão state. Therefore, there is a necessity to implement strategies consisting of vaccinations with region serovares and serological exams, establishment of quarantine for arrival of new animals, monitoring existent herds in the properties and notification of the disease to the State Animal Health Agency.(AU)

O presente estudo teve como objetivo determinar a frequência, os fatores de risco e o mapeamento de focos em rebanhos leiteiros do estado do Maranhão, Brasil, associados à Leptospira spp. Foram colhidas 420 amostras de soros sanguíneos de fêmeas com idade 24 meses selecionadas de forma aleatória simples, distribuí- das em 70 rebanhos provenientes de 14 municípios. Foi aplicado um questionário epidemiológico para investigar os principais fatores de riscos associados à infecção. As amostras foram submetidas à prova de soroaglutinação microscópica (SAM), sendo utilizados 24 sorovares de Leptospira spp. Das amostras analisadas, 70 (100%) para rebanhos e 420 (100%) para animais foram reagentes a pelo menos um dos sorovares de Leptospira spp., com títulos variáveis entre 100 e 800. Os sorovares mais prevalentes foram Patoc (410/420; 97%), Castellonis (351/420; 84%), Hardjo (347/420; 83%), Hebdomadis (335/420; 80%), Sentot (328/420; 78%), Wolffi (330/420; 79%), Icterohaemorrhagiae (300/420; 71%) e Pomona (286/420; 69%). As variáveis não realização de inseminação artificial, criação conjunta de caprinos, ovinos, equinos e caninos e maior taxa de nascimento de bezerros no período seco apresentaram associação estatística significativa (p 0,05) à ocorrência de animais sororreagentes para Leptospira interrogans e foram considerados fatores de risco. Os resultados revelaram elevados títulos aglutinantes para diversos sorovares de Leptospira no rebanho bovino leiteiro do estado do Maranhão. Esses resultados demonstram a necessidade de implementação de estratégias que consistem na realização de vacinações, preferencialmente com sorovares regionais, exames sorológicos, aquisição de animais de propriedades idôneas, efetivação de quarentena ao ingresso de novos animais e notificação da doença na Agência de Defesa Agropecuária do Estado.(AU)

Assuntos

RESUMO

O presente estudo teve como objetivo determinar a frequência, os fatores de risco e o mapeamento de focos em rebanhos leiteiros do estado do Maranhão, Brasil, associados à Leptospira spp. Foram colhidas 420 amostras de soros sanguíneos de fêmeas com idade ≥24 meses selecionadas de forma aleatória simples, distribuídas em 70 rebanhos provenientes de 14 municípios. Foi aplicado um questionário epidemiológico para investigar os principais fatores de riscos associados à infecção. As amostras foram submetidas à prova de soroaglutinação microscópica (SAM), sendo utilizados 24 sorovares de Leptospira spp. Das amostras analisadas, 70 (100%) para rebanhos e 420 (100%) para animais foram reagentes a pelo menos um dos sorovares de Leptospira spp., com títulos variáveis entre 100 e 800. Os sorovares mais prevalentes foram Patoc (410/420; 97%), Castellonis (351/420; 84%), Hardjo (347/420; 83%), Hebdomadis (335/420; 80%), Sentot (328/420; 78%), Wolffi (330/420; 79%), Icterohaemorrhagiae (300/420; 71%) e Pomona (286/420; 69%). As variáveis não realização de inseminação artificial, criação conjunta de caprinos, ovinos, equinos e caninos e maior taxa de nascimento de bezerros no período seco apresentaram associação estatística significativa (p<0,05) à ocorrência de animais sororreagentes para Leptospira interrogans e foram considerados fatores de risco. Os resultados revelaram elevados títulos aglutinantes para diversos sorovares de Leptospira no rebanho bovino leiteiro do estado do Maranhão. Esses resultados demonstram a necessidade de implementação de estratégias que consistem na realização de vacinações, preferencialmente com sorovares regionais, exames sorológicos, aquisição de animais de propriedades idôneas, efetivação de quarentena ao ingresso de novos animais e notificação da doença na Agência de Defesa Agropecuária do Estado.(AU)

The present study's aim was to determine frequency, risk factors and mapping outbreaks in dairy cattle of Maranhão state, Brazil, associated to Leptospira spp. Four hundred and twenty samples of blood serum from females were analyzed, age ≥24 months, selected in a random way, distributed in 70 herds from 14 townships. An epidemiological questionnaire was applied to investigate possible factors that could have been associated to the infection. Serum samples were submitted to the serum agglutination test (SAT). It was used 24 serovars from the Leptospira spp. complex. From the analyzed samples, 70 (100%) for herds and 420 (100%) for animals were reagent to at least one of the Leptospira spp. serovar, reaching titles between 100 and 800. The most prevalent serovars were Patoc (410/420; 97%), Castellonis (351/420; 84%), Hardjo (347/420; 83%), Hebdomadis (335/420; 80%), Sentot (328/420; 78%), Wolffi (330/420; 79%), Icterohaemorrhagiae (300/420; 71%) and Pomona (286/420; 69%). From the variables considered as risk factors, the not utilization of artificial insemination, mixed herds of goats, sheeps, equines and canines in the properties, and the birth of calves in the non-rainy period showed significant statistical association (p<0.05) to the risk of infection with Leptospira interrogans . The results show elevated levels of leptospirosis frequency in dairy cattle herd from Maranhão state. Therefore, there is a necessity to implement strategies consisting of vaccinations with region serovares and serological exams, establishment of quarantine for arrival of new animals, monitoring existent herds in the properties and notification of the disease to the State Animal Health Agency.(AU)

Assuntos