RESUMO
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: The COVID-19 pandemic highlighted the shortcomings of our health care delivery system for vulnerable populations and created a need to rethink health disparity education in medical training. We examined how the early COVID-19 pandemic impacted third-year medical students' attitudes, perceptions, and sense of responsibility regarding health care delivery for vulnerable populations. METHODS: Third-year family medicine clerkship students at a large, private medical school in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania responded to a reflection assignment prompt asking how the COVID-19 pandemic impacted their thoughts about health care delivery for vulnerable populations in mid-2020 (N=59). Using conventional content analysis, we identified three main themes across 24 codes. RESULTS: Students recognized homeless individuals and Black, indigenous, and persons of color (BIPOC) as vulnerable populations impacted by the pandemic. Students reported causes of vulnerability that focused heavily on social determinants of health, increased risk for contracting COVID-19 infections, and difficulty adhering to COVID-19 prevention guidelines. Notable action-oriented approaches to addressing these disparities included health care reform and community health intervention. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings describe an educational approach to care for vulnerable populations based on awareness, attitudes, and social action. Medical education must continue to teach students how to identify ways to mitigate disparities in order to achieve health equity.
Assuntos
COVID-19 , Estudantes de Medicina , Humanos , Pandemias , Populações Vulneráveis , Atitude do Pessoal de SaúdeRESUMO
Background and Objectives: Medical schools must integrate educational curricula that teach how to apply quality improvement principles to improve care for vulnerable populations. In this report, we describe the development, implementation, and evaluation of a combined quality improvement (QI) and health disparities curriculum for third-year family medicine clerkship students. Methods: After conducting an educational needs assessment, we developed a health disparities curriculum focused on QI principles for the family medicine clerkship. From November 2019 through August 2021, third-year medical students (N=395) completed the curriculum. The curriculum was delivered in an asynchronous online format, followed by a small group collaboration project to design and present a QI intervention through process mapping. Students also completed an individual reflection assignment that focused on care for vulnerable populations. Pre- and post assessment questions were administered on Qualtrics, after review by the clerkship director, research faculty and staff, and content experts for content and item validity. We analyzed quantitative data using SPSS version 27 software and used paired t tests for pre/post comparisons. Results: In total, 392 students completed the preassessment survey, 395 students completed the postassessment surveys, and 341 had matching study identifiers. Pre-to-post assessment survey evaluations showed statistically significant changes for nine out of nine QI knowledge questions (P<.001), knowledge regarding a community health needs assessment (P<.001), and knowledge about caring for vulnerable populations (homeless, veterans, immigrants/refugees; P<.001). Conclusions: Preliminary evaluation of a combined QI and health disparities curriculum shows improvement in students' self-reported knowledge of use of a community health needs assessment, QI principles, and care for vulnerable populations.