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INTRODUCTION: The receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE) is expressed in normal lungs and is upregulated during infection. AGEs and RAGE cause oxidative stress and apoptosis in lung cells. The objective of this study is to evaluate levels of AGEs and its soluble receptor (sRAGE), and to investigate their relationship with food intake and nutritional status, in a university-affiliated hospital in Brazil. METHODS: Case-control study, from June 2017 to June 2018. AGE (carboxymethyl lysine, CML) and sRAGE were measured from blood samples by Elisa. Nutritional assessment was performed by body mass index, triceps skin-fold thickness, mid-arm circumference, mid-arm muscle circumference, bioelectrical impedance analysis, and food frequency questionnaire. RESULTS: We included in the study 35 tuberculosis (TB) patients and 35 controls. The mean sRAGE levels were higher in TB patients than in controls (68.5 ± 28.1 vs 57.5 ± 24.0 pg/mL; p = 0.046). Among cases that were current smokers, lower sRAGE levels were associated with mortality, evaluated at the end of hospitalization (p = 0.006), and with weight loss (p = 0.034). There was no statistically significant difference in CML levels and diet CML content between cases and controls. Malnutrition was more frequent in cases, but there was no correlation between nutritional parameters and CML or sRAGE levels. CONCLUSIONS: TB patients had higher sRAGE levels than controls, although it is not clear that this difference is clinically relevant. Also, sRAGE was associated with weight loss and mortality.

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BACKGROUND: Muscle weakness is a part of the wasting syndrome associated with TB. Cytokines are candidates as the initial causative agents of the metabolic changes in TB. The objective of this study is to assess the peripheral and respiratory muscle strength in patients with TB and controls and relate these findings with leptin, IL-6 and TNF-α serum levels. METHODS: Case-control study. Hospitalized patients with pulmonary TB and controls were included. Maximal voluntary handgrip strength (HS), maximal inspiratory pressure (MIP) and maximum expiratory pressure (MEP) were measured. Leptin, IL-6 and TNF-α dosage were performed. RESULTS: We included 35 cases and 35 controls. Leptin was lower and TNF-α levels were higher in TB patients than in controls (P < .0001 for both). Body mass index (BMI), HS, MIP and MEP were all significantly lower in cases than in controls (P < .0001). Lower leptin and higher TNF-α levels are associated with malnutrition and reduced MIP, MEP and HS. Patients who reported fever and those with positive culture for Mycobacterium tuberculosis had higher serum levels of IL-6. CONCLUSION: Peripheral and respiratory muscle strength and leptin levels were reduced in patients with active TB. Lower levels of leptin and higher levels of TNF-α were associated with malnutrition and with reduced MIP, MEP and HS.

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Delays in diagnosis of TB cases are major impeding factors in the control of TB. The objectives of this study were to describe the health care seeking behavior of TB patients, assessing patient delay and the number of health care facilities visited before the start of TB treatment. A cross-sectional study was carried out with adult patients with pulmonary TB presenting to two TB facilities to start treatment. We found a median patient delay of 20 days. The factors associated negatively with patient delay in multivariate analysis were weight loss, and have sought treatment because of the first symptom. We also demonstrated that 44.8% of patients incorrectly reported the mode of transmission of TB. In addition, the local of first attendance was an emergency room of public hospitals in 37.3% of patients. We demonstrated that the median patient delay in TB diagnosis in two TB services in a region with a high prevalence of TB was 20 days, and the protective factors associated with this delay in multivariate analysis were weight loss, and have sought treatment because of the first symptom.

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Delays in diagnosis of TB cases are major impeding factors in the control of TB. The objectives of this study were to describe the health care seeking behavior of TB patients, assessing patient delay and the number of health care facilities visited before the start of TB treatment. A cross-sectional study was carried out with adult patients with pulmonary TB presenting to two TB facilities to start treatment. We found a median patient delay of 20 days. The factors associated negatively with patient delay in multivariate analysis were weight loss, and have sought treatment because of the first symptom. We also demonstrated that 44.8% of patients incorrectly reported the mode of transmission of TB. In addition, the local of first attendance was an emergency room of public hospitals in 37.3% of patients. We demonstrated that the median patient delay in TB diagnosis in two TB services in a region with a high prevalence of TB was 20 days, and the protective factors associated with this delay in multivariate analysis were weight loss, and have sought treatment because of the first symptom.

Atrasos no diagnóstico de casos de tuberculose são os principais fatores que impedem o controle da doença. Os objetivos deste estudo foram descrever a trajetória de pacientes com tuberculose, avaliando a demora do paciente e o número de unidades de saúde visitadas antes do início do tratamento. Estudo transversal foi conduzido com pacientes com idade ≥ 18 anos e com diagnóstico de tuberculose pulmonar, que responderam a um questionário. A média de idade dos pacientes foi de 40,4 ± 16,1. Foi encontrada uma mediana de 20 dias no atraso dos pacientes. Também foi verificado que 44,8% relataram incorretamente o modo de transmissão da tuberculose. Além disso, o local do primeiro atendimento para 37,3% dos pacientes foi uma emergência de hospital público. Encontrou-se uma mediana de 20 dias no atraso dos pacientes até o diagnóstico da tuberculose; os fatores protetores associados a este atraso na análise multivariada foram perda de peso e ter procurado tratamento por causa do primeiro sintoma.

Los retrasos en el diagnóstico de la tuberculosis son los principales factores que impiden el control de la tuberculosis. Entre los objetivos de este estudio se encuentra la descripción de la trayectoria de los pacientes con tuberculosis, evaluando el retraso en el diagnóstico del paciente y el número de establecimientos de salud visitados antes de iniciar el tratamiento para la tuberculosis. Se realizó un estudio transversal con pacientes ≥ 18 años de edad y con diagnóstico de tuberculosis pulmonar que respondieron a un cuestionario. La edad media de los pacientes fue de 40,4 ± 16,1. Se encontró un media de 20 días en el retraso del diagnóstico a los pacientes. También se halló que un 44,8 % informó incorrectamente del modo de transmisión de la tuberculosis. Por otra parte, el primer punto de asistencia para un 37,3 % de los pacientes fue el servicio de urgencias en un hospital público. Se halló un promedio de 20 días en el retraso del diagnóstico de la tuberculosis a los pacientes, los factores protectores asociados con el retraso en el análisis multivariado fueron la pérdida de peso y conseguir el tratamiento debido cuando se presenta el primer síntoma.

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O câncer é reconhecido como um problema de saúde pública incidente, considerado como a segunda causa de morte no Brasil. O comprometimento do estado nutricional, condição frequente nesses pacientes, está associado a maiores índices demorbimortalidade. Verificar o perfil nutricional e sócio-demográfico depacientes admitidos em uma unidade de internação Onco-hematológica de um hospital geral de Porto Alegre, RS. Pacientes e Métodos: Neste estudo de prevalência foram avaliados 39 pacientes portadores de câncer que realizaram pelo menos um ciclo dequimioterapia. Avaliação nutricional foi feita por meio da Avaliação Subjetiva Global Preenchida pelo Próprio Paciente (ASG – PPP) e através de indicadoresantropométricos e composição corporal, como circunferência do braço (CB),circunferência muscular do braço (CMB), dobra cutânea triciptal (DCT) e Índice de Massa Corporal (IMC). Para avaliação da musculatura periférica foi aferida a força máxima voluntária de preensão manual, através de um dinamômetro. Aplicou-se questionário complementar com perguntas sobre estilo de vida, dados clínicos e sócioeconômicos. A idade média dos pacientes foi 45 ±16,7 anos, sendo que 24 (61,5%) eram do sexo masculino, 64,1% brancos e em média com 6,5 ±3,9 anos de estudo. As condições mais prevalentes as leucemias e linfomas (48,7%) e 23,1% dos pacientes tinham diagnóstico de tumores no sistema digestório. De acordo com o critério utilizado, as prevalências de desnutrição foram as seguintes: ASG-PPP 33,3%;IMC 10,3%; DCT 30,8%; CB 38,5%; CMB 33,3%. Conclusão: As prevalências de desnutrição são elevadas entre os pacientes avaliados e o IMC parece sub-diagnosticar essa condição

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