RESUMO
Estimating exposure is one of the most important steps in an environmental risk analysis of crop-protection products to nontarget organisms. Regulatory agencies such as the US Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA), Pest Management Regulatory Agency (PMRA), and European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) all use mathematical exposure models in their regulatory assessment process. Brazil has been discussing the adoption of the Pesticide in Water Calculator (PWC) to be applied in aquatic pesticide risk assessment. Therefore, a qualitative sensitivity analysis (Morris OAT method) was performed to understand which are the most important local parameters in the PWC to estimate environmental concentrations in surface water (EECSW ). In addition, an exercise made up of two corn scenarios in two Brazilian regions was developed (Uberlândia [UDI] and Arapoti [ARA]). Two herbicides with different soil-binding properties and modes of action were selected to estimate the EECSW . The results demonstrated that the parameters of importance were different for each site, probably the result of different soil characteristics and meteorological patterns. This outcome suggests that regulatory agencies should consider developing more than one scenario to account for different agricultural regions. For Herbicide 1, the EECSW for UDI were similar to US scenarios, whereas for ARA they were lower. For Herbicide 2, the EECSW for the UDI site was higher than most of the US scenarios, whereas at the ARA site, EECs were similar to four US scenarios and lower than the other six. Local data were used as a refinement, resulting in the decrease in the EECSW for both herbicides in the UDI site. For the ARA site, Herbicide 1 displayed a similar EECSW value, whereas for Herbicide 2, it was lower after the refinement. Overall, these results demonstrated the importance of developing local scenarios to provide more realism to estimate pesticide exposure from its agricultural use and may help regulators to determine and recommend mitigations regarding the use of crop-protection products. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2023;19:1374-1384. © 2023 The Authors. Integrated Environmental Assessment and Management published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of Society of Environmental Toxicology & Chemistry (SETAC).
Assuntos
Herbicidas , Praguicidas , Poluentes Químicos da Água , Brasil , Poluentes Químicos da Água/análise , Praguicidas/toxicidade , Praguicidas/análise , Herbicidas/toxicidade , Herbicidas/análise , Solo/química , Medição de Risco , Água/análiseRESUMO
Cachaça is a typical Brazilian spirit of significant economic and social relevance. The spirit may contain organic and inorganic contaminants that impair its quality, such as ethyl carbamate (EC), which is potentially carcinogenic. The study of factors that cause EC incidence is extremely important to produce cachaça with good physicochemical and sensory quality and for public health reasons. Therefore, this study aimed to analyze and quantify nitrogen (N) in sugarcane juice and correlate it with the EC levels, with copper (Cu) as precursor, in cachaça from stills, produced from the sugar of three different sugarcane varieties (RB857515, RB966928 and RB855453). We used the plantation systems without fertilization and with organic and conventional fertilization. The EC and Cu levels were below the legislation threshold and the N levels were correlated with EC formation in different planting systems.
Assuntos
Uretana/toxicidade , Cobre , Saccharum , Nitrogênio/análiseRESUMO
Computational biology has gained traction as an independent scientific discipline over the last years in South America. However, there is still a growing need for bioscientists, from different backgrounds, with different levels, to acquire programming skills, which could reduce the time from data to insights and bridge communication between life scientists and computer scientists. Python is a programming language extensively used in bioinformatics and data science, which is particularly suitable for beginners. Here, we describe the conception, organization, and implementation of the Brazilian Python Workshop for Biological Data. This workshop has been organized by graduate and undergraduate students and supported, mostly in administrative matters, by experienced faculty members since 2017. The workshop was conceived for teaching bioscientists, mainly students in Brazil, on how to program in a biological context. The goal of this article was to share our experience with the 2020 edition of the workshop in its virtual format due to the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic and to compare and contrast this year's experience with the previous in-person editions. We described a hands-on and live coding workshop model for teaching introductory Python programming. We also highlighted the adaptations made from in-person to online format in 2020, the participants' assessment of learning progression, and general workshop management. Lastly, we provided a summary and reflections from our personal experiences from the workshops of the last 4 years. Our takeaways included the benefits of the learning from learners' feedback (LLF) that allowed us to improve the workshop in real time, in the short, and likely in the long term. We concluded that the Brazilian Python Workshop for Biological Data is a highly effective workshop model for teaching a programming language that allows bioscientists to go beyond an initial exploration of programming skills for data analysis in the medium to long term.
Assuntos
Biologia Computacional/educação , Currículo , Linguagens de Programação , Brasil , COVID-19 , Educação a Distância , Humanos , Pandemias , Distanciamento FísicoRESUMO
Data to assess pesticide exposure in soil and water are scarce and unevenly distributed in Latin America, especially due to the size of the region and the vast agricultural landscape. This makes it difficult to assess associated environmental risks. We suggest that the lack of pesticide exposure or monitoring data can be addressed by using validated models to provide estimated pesticide exposure concentrations in soil and water bodies. This exposure modeling approach has been used by regulatory agencies in other countries and regions such as the United States, Canada, and the European Union. In order to properly estimate pesticide exposure concentrations, we advocate for the development of local scenarios containing local weather, soil, and crop data to be used in the existing models. A sensitivity analysis of the models can be performed to determine parameters that are sensitive and therefore inputs to these parameters are derived locally. We believe the development of local scenarios in the region is attainable and can be a pragmatic approach for developing a more comprehensive picture of potential pesticide exposure in the region. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2021;17:901-904. © 2021 Syngenta Proteção de Cultivos Ltda.
Assuntos
Praguicidas , Poluentes Químicos da Água , Agricultura , Monitoramento Ambiental , América Latina , Praguicidas/análise , Solo , Estados Unidos , Poluentes Químicos da Água/análiseRESUMO
Classical methods of analysis of nonlinear models are widely used in studies of ruminal degradation kinetics. As this type of study involves repeated measurements in the same experimental unit, the use of mixed nonlinear models (MNLM) is proposed, in order to solve problems of heterogeneity of variances of the responses, correlation among repeated measurements and consequent lack of sphericity in the covariance matrix. The aims of this work are to present an evaluation of the applicability of MNLM in the estimation of parameters to describe the in situ ruminal degradation kinetics of the dry matter of Tifton 85 hay and to compare the results with those obtained from the usual analysis in two-phases. The steers used in the trial were fed diets composed of three different combinations of roughage and concentrate and two hays with different nutritional qualities. The proposed approach was proven as effective as the traditional one for estimating model parameters. However, it adequately models the correlation among the longitudinal data, which can affect the estimates obtained, the standard error associated with them and potentially change the results of the inferences. It is quite attractive when the research seeks to understand the behavior of the process of food degradation throughout the incubation times.(AU)
Métodos clássicos de análise de modelos não lineares são amplamente utilizados em estudos da cinética de degradação ruminal. Como esse tipo de estudo envolve medidas repetidas na mesma unidade experimental, propõe-se o uso de modelos não lineares mistos (MNLM), buscando resolver os problemas de heterogeneidade de variâncias das respostas, de correlação entre as medidas repetida se a consequente falta de esfericidade da matriz de covariâncias. Os objetivos deste trabalho envolvem apresentar uma avaliação da aplicabilidade dos MNLM na estimação de parâmetros para descrever a cinética de degradação ruminal in situ da matéria seca de fenos de capim-Tifton 85 e comparar os seus resultados com os obtidos da análise usual realizada em duas fases. Os novilhos utilizados no ensaio foram alimentados com rações compostas por três diferentes combinações de volumoso e concentrado e dois fenos com diferentes qualidades nutricionais. A abordagem proposta mostrou-se tão efetiva quanto à tradicional para a estimação dos parâmetros do modelo. Contudo, ela modela de forma adequada a correlação entre os dados longitudinais, o que pode afetar as estimativas obtidas, o erro padrão associado a elas e, potencialmente, alterar os resultados das inferências. É bastante atraente quando a pesquisa busca entender o comportamento do processo da degradação dos alimentos ao longo dos tempos de incubação.(AU)
Assuntos
Dinâmica não Linear , Rúmen/fisiologia , Rúmen/química , Cinética , Estudos Longitudinais , Análise de Variância , Bovinos/metabolismoRESUMO
Classical methods of analysis of nonlinear models are widely used in studies of ruminal degradation kinetics. As this type of study involves repeated measurements in the same experimental unit, the use of mixed nonlinear models (MNLM) is proposed, in order to solve problems of heterogeneity of variances of the responses, correlation among repeated measurements and consequent lack of sphericity in the covariance matrix. The aims of this work are to present an evaluation of the applicability of MNLM in the estimation of parameters to describe the in situ ruminal degradation kinetics of the dry matter of Tifton 85 hay and to compare the results with those obtained from the usual analysis in two-phases. The steers used in the trial were fed diets composed of three different combinations of roughage and concentrate and two hays with different nutritional qualities. The proposed approach was proven as effective as the traditional one for estimating model parameters. However, it adequately models the correlation among the longitudinal data, which can affect the estimates obtained, the standard error associated with them and potentially change the results of the inferences. It is quite attractive when the research seeks to understand the behavior of the process of food degradation throughout the incubation times.
Métodos clássicos de análise de modelos não lineares são amplamente utilizados em estudos da cinética de degradação ruminal. Como esse tipo de estudo envolve medidas repetidas na mesma unidade experimental, propõe-se o uso de modelos não lineares mistos (MNLM), buscando resolver os problemas de heterogeneidade de variâncias das respostas, de correlação entre as medidas repetida se a consequente falta de esfericidade da matriz de covariâncias. Os objetivos deste trabalho envolvem apresentar uma avaliação da aplicabilidade dos MNLM na estimação de parâmetros para descrever a cinética de degradação ruminal in situ da matéria seca de fenos de capim-Tifton 85 e comparar os seus resultados com os obtidos da análise usual realizada em duas fases. Os novilhos utilizados no ensaio foram alimentados com rações compostas por três diferentes combinações de volumoso e concentrado e dois fenos com diferentes qualidades nutricionais. A abordagem proposta mostrou-se tão efetiva quanto à tradicional para a estimação dos parâmetros do modelo. Contudo, ela modela de forma adequada a correlação entre os dados longitudinais, o que pode afetar as estimativas obtidas, o erro padrão associado a elas e, potencialmente, alterar os resultados das inferências. É bastante atraente quando a pesquisa busca entender o comportamento do processo da degradação dos alimentos ao longo dos tempos de incubação.
Assuntos
Dinâmica não Linear , Rúmen/fisiologia , Rúmen/química , Análise de Variância , Bovinos/metabolismo , Cinética , Estudos LongitudinaisRESUMO
Ethyl carbamate (EC) (NH2COOCH2CH3) is found in cachaça, and its presence in the beverage is conspicuous for its toxicity. Copper, the metal of choice used in the construction of stills, is also considered a beverage contaminant and is often related to the presence of EC in beverages. The study aimed to monitor the quality of cachaça by measuring the presence of copper and EC, and comparing the influences of sugarcane cultivation systems on the concentration of these contaminants. The varieties, RB 867515, RB 962869 and RB 85553, were cultivated under the following management systems: planting without fertilization; organic planting; and conventional planting. For cultivation, a completely randomized design in a factorial scheme of 3 varieties × 3 managements was used as experimental planning, in 4 replications. The concentrations of copper and EC in beverages were evaluated and submitted to univariate analysis of variance (p ≤ 0.05). The organic and conventional systems presented no significant variations in copper content, both of which are recommended for the planting of sugarcane as raw material for cachaça. From amongst the varieties evaluated, RB966928 presented the lowest concentrations of copper for the organic and conventional systems, and was the most recommended for the production of cachaça. To evaluate the EC concentration (μg L1) in the cachaças produced, all beverages were considered in accordance with national legislation. Significant differences were observed between them, but the conventional and organic systems are favored for deployment in the cultivation of sugarcane as the raw material of cachaça. The same applies to the RB966928, RB867515 and RB855453 varieties.(AU)
Assuntos
Saccharum , Contaminantes Químicos em Alimentos , Bebidas Alcoólicas/análise , Uretana/isolamento & purificação , Cobre/isolamento & purificação , Controle e Fiscalização de Alimentos e BebidasRESUMO
Ethyl carbamate (EC) (NH2COOCH2CH3) is found in cachaça, and its presence in the beverage is conspicuous for its toxicity. Copper, the metal of choice used in the construction of stills, is also considered a beverage contaminant and is often related to the presence of EC in beverages. The study aimed to monitor the quality of cachaça by measuring the presence of copper and EC, and comparing the influences of sugarcane cultivation systems on the concentration of these contaminants. The varieties, RB 867515, RB 962869 and RB 85553, were cultivated under the following management systems: planting without fertilization; organic planting; and conventional planting. For cultivation, a completely randomized design in a factorial scheme of 3 varieties × 3 managements was used as experimental planning, in 4 replications. The concentrations of copper and EC in beverages were evaluated and submitted to univariate analysis of variance (p ≤ 0.05). The organic and conventional systems presented no significant variations in copper content, both of which are recommended for the planting of sugarcane as raw material for cachaça. From amongst the varieties evaluated, RB966928 presented the lowest concentrations of copper for the organic and conventional systems, and was the most recommended for the production of cachaça. To evaluate the EC concentration (μg L1) in the cachaças produced, all beverages were considered in accordance with national legislation. Significant differences were observed between them, but the conventional and organic systems are favored for deployment in the cultivation of sugarcane as the raw material of cachaça. The same applies to the RB966928, RB867515 and RB855453 varieties.
Assuntos
Bebidas Alcoólicas/análise , Cobre/isolamento & purificação , Contaminantes Químicos em Alimentos , Saccharum , Uretana/isolamento & purificação , Controle e Fiscalização de Alimentos e BebidasRESUMO
Las micosis superficiales son patologías frecuentes en la consulta dermatológica. Según la Organización Mundial de la Salud (OMS), alrededor del 20-25% de la población mundial padece micosis superficiales. Existe poca información de las mismas y en especial de zonas periurbanas. Nuestro objetivo fue obtener datos epidemiológicos acerca de las micosis superficiales e identificar sus agentes etiológicos que afectan piel, pelo y uñas en los pobladores de la comuna de Villa del Prado. El estudio fue descriptivo, prospectivo y transversal. Se incluyeron pacientes mayores de 2 años, con lesiones cutáneas y anexialesque sugirieron micosis superficiales, excluyéndose menores de 2 años, con hepatopatía previa al estudio y embarazadas. El proyecto del área de Responsabilidad Social Universitaria se realizó en los períodos lectivos 2008-2010. Los pacientes fueron atendidosen el dispensario de esa localidad por médicos dermatólogos y residentes. Las bioquímicas micólogas con alumnos de 4º año de la carrera de Bioquímica indicaban la preparación para la toma de muestra y extracción de la misma. Los análisis micológicos se llevarona cabo por metodología clásica. Se realizaron 41 viajes a dicha comunidad, 248 consultas dermatológicas y se atendieron 142 pacientes. Se detectaron 22 pacientes con lesiones micológicas y 19 concurrieron a la toma de muestras. El examen directo resultó positivo en 14 de ellos, uno de los cuales fue Malassezia spp. Los cultivos dieron positivo en 14 pacientes, dos de ellos con dos agentes etiológicos. Se obtuvieron: cuatro Trichophyton rubrum, tres Trichophyton mentagrophytes, cinco Candida albicans, una Candida tropicalis, un Epidermophyton floccosum, un Trichophyton interdigitale y unMicrosporum canis. La mayoría de los aislamientos pertenece al grupo de los dermatofitos, en segundo lugar levaduras del género Candida, y se detectó Malassezia spp.
Superficial mycosis are common dermatologic complaints. According to the World Health Organization (WHO) about 20-25% of the world population suffers from superficial mycosis.There is little information about them especially in peri-urban areas. Our aim was toobtain epidemiological data about superficial mycosis and to identify their etiologicalagents affecting the skin, hair and nails in the population of Villa del Prado community.Our study was descriptive, prospective and cross-sectional. We included patients olderthan 2 years old presenting skin and adnexal lesions suggesting superficial mycosis.Children under 2 years of age, with previous hepatic disease and pregnant women were excluded. The University Social Responsibility project was carried out during 2008-2009-2010 school years. Patients were assisted in Villa del Prado health care center by dermatologists and medical residents. Biochemists specialized in Mycology indicated the preparationfor taking samples to their fourth year students of the Career in Biochemistry.Mycological analyses were performed following the classical methodology. The team went41 times to the community receiving 248 dermatologic consultations; 142 patients wereassisted. In 22 patients mycological lesions were detected; 19 of them went to sampletaking. Direct testing was positive in 14 patients, Malassezia spp being one of them. Cultures were positive in 14 patients, two of them with 2 aethiological agents. 4Trichophyton rubrum, 3 Trichophyton mentagrophytes, 5 Candida albicans, 1 Candida tropicalis,1 Epidermophyton floccosum, 1 Trichophyton interdigitale y 1 Microsporum canis wereobtained. Most isolates belong to the dermatophytes group followed by yeasts of thegenus Candida and Malassezia spp was also detected.
Assuntos
Humanos , Micoses/diagnóstico , Micoses/patologia , Cabelo , Unhas , Pele/lesõesRESUMO
El penfigoide ampollar (PA) es una enfermedad autoinmune adquirida que afecta predominantemente a personas mayores y es rara en los niños. En la literatura existen alrededor de 78 casos publicados de PA en la infancia. La incidencia precisa en la edad pediátrica se desconoce. En los niños la enfermedad predomina en el sexo femenino. El tratamiento de elección son los corticoides tópicos o sistémicos según la severidad de la enfermedad. La respuesta es rápida, lográndose en días o meses, y las recaídas son raras. Presentamos una niña de 7 años de edad que comenzó con lesiones ampollares en el muslo 7 meses previos a la consulta. Consultó por nueva lesión ampollar en muñeca derecha. La biopsia de piel mostró una ampolla subepidérmica con infiltrado linfohistiocítico y eosinofílico. La inmunofluorescencia directa evidenció depósito lineal de IgG y C3 en la zona de membrana basal. Con estos hallazgos, se realizó el diagnóstico de PA. El interés de la publicación es presentar una patología infrecuente en la infancia que debe sospecharse ante un niño con lesiones ampollares.
Bullous pemphigoid (BP) is an acquired autoimmune blistering disorder that predominantly affects the elderly and is rare in children. The precise incidence in childhood is unknown. Review of the literature shows about 78 cases of PB in children. The disease has a female predominance. The treatment of choice is topical or systemic steroids depending on the compromise of the disease. The response to treatments is quite fast and relapses are rare. We report a 7-year-old female infant who began with blistering lesions in her thigh 7 month before. She consulted for the development of new bullous lesion in her right wrist. The skin biopsy showed subepidermal bulla with lymphohistiocytic and eosinophilic infiltrate. Direct immunoflurescence demonstrated linear deposition of IgG and C3. These findings supported the diagnosis of BP. The interest of the publication is to present an uncommon condition in childhood that should be suspected in a child with blistering lesions.
Assuntos
Humanos , Feminino , Criança , Penfigoide Bolhoso , Coxa da Perna/lesões , PunhoRESUMO
El melanoma maligno (MM) es una neoplasia maligna de los melanocitos; abarca al 5% de todos los canceres cutáneos, pero es el responsable del 80% de las muertes por cáncer de piel. Los factoes de riesgo más significativos asociados con el desarrollo de MM son: nevos múltiples, historia familiar de melanoma, antecedente de MM previo, la exposición a radiación ultravioleta, el fenotipo de piel y la inmunosupresión. La biopsia del ganglio centinela constituye una importante herramienta para la estadificación y pronóstico de pacientes con melanoma. La escisión quirúrgica amplia sigue siendo el manejo de elección y la radioterapia postoperatoria emerge como una alternativa de tratamiento complementario eficaz. En relación al melanoma de cabeza y cuello, se considera que aún existe controversia sobre la aplicación de la biopsia del ganglio centinela en esta situación, y si bien se le había otorgado una calidad de radioresistencia a este tumor, nuevos estudios sugieren su aplicación como adyuvancia para ciertas variantes de melanomas. Presentamos un caso de una mujer de 25 años con un melanoma maligno en sien izquierda, con un Breslow de 0,75 mm y evidencia de satelitosis. Se decide no realizar la biopsia del ganglio centinela y coadyuvar la extirpación total de la lesión con radioterapia.
Assuntos
Humanos , Adulto , Feminino , Melanoma/cirurgia , Melanoma/diagnóstico , Melanoma/patologia , Melanoma/terapia , Estadiamento de Neoplasias , Neoplasias de Cabeça e Pescoço/cirurgia , Neoplasias de Cabeça e Pescoço/patologia , Neoplasias de Cabeça e Pescoço/terapia , Radioterapia Adjuvante , Biópsia de Linfonodo SentinelaRESUMO
El acantoma de células claras( ACC) es un tumor epidérmico benigno. La lesión típica es un pápula o placa bien delimitada, rojiza con algunas costras y escamas periféricas en su superficie. La localización habitual es en miembros inferiores, aunque se han detectado en otros lugares como abdomen y escroto. Presentamos un paciente varón de 80 años que consultó por lesión en areola mamaria izquierda de seis meses de evolución, asintomática; se le realizó biopsia cutánea llegando al diagnóstico de acantoma de células claras. Presentamos este caso clínico debido a la localización infrecuente y dificultad diagnóstica de esta lesión.
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Idoso , Acantoma , Neoplasias Cutâneas , Mamilos/patologiaRESUMO
El pilomatrixoma es un tumor benigno con diferenciación hacia las células matriciales del folículo piloso. Usualmente se manifiesta como un nódulo firme, solitario y asintomático de crecimiento lento. Se trata de una neoplasia frecuente en la población pediátrica. El pilomatrixoma dispone de una amplia variedad de características clínicas; a menudo su diagnóstico es erróneo. El tratamiento es la excisión quirúrgica. El diagnóstico diferencial de pilomatrixoma también se debe considerar en pacientes adultos. Presentamos un caso clínico en un varón de 27 años con lesión tumoral clínicamente anetodérmica en muslo derecho cuya histología fue compatible con pilomatrixoma. Destacamos este caso por la baja frecuencia en adultos y su localización inusual.