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OBJECTIVE: A systematic review, focusing on the judicialisation of health regarding gaining access to medicines, was aimed at understanding the impact of lawsuits on the organisation of public health services. METHOD: Original articles published between 2007 and 2011 in the pertinent national and international literature were analysed, resulting in 49,239 articles being found in Science Direct and BIREME databases. Results The survey indicated a predominance of literature from Brazil, mainly the southeast, as well as a study from Colombia. DISCUSSION: The aforementioned chronic disease-related claims involved diabetes, high blood pressure, cancer and rheumatoid arthritis. Forming part of specific Unified Healthcare System programmes highlighted the difficulty in gaining access to the appropriate medicine and consequent health judicialisation demonstrated the fragility of existing public policy. CONCLUSION: It was concluded that the courts (despite being a strategy for ensuring access to medicine) were unable to deal with the current spate of lawsuits, thereby leading to disruption regarding the flow of public systems.

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RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: To review the relationship between lipoprotein (a) [Lp(a)] and other risk factors for cardiovascular disease (CVD) in children and adolescents. DATA SOURCES: This systematic review included studies from 2001 to 2011, a ten-year time period. Epidemiological studies with children and/or adolescents published in English, Portuguese or Spanish and fully available online were included. The searches were performed in Science Direct, PubMed/Medline, BVS (Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde) and Cochrane Library databases, using the following combination of key-words: "lipoprotein a" and "cardiovascular diseases" and "obesity". DATA SYNTHESIS: Overall, 672 studies were obtained but only seven were included. Some studies assessed the family history for CVD. In all of them, Lp(a) levels were increased in patients with family history for CVD. There was also a positive correlation between Lp(a) and LDL-cholesterol, total cholesterol, and apolipoprotein B levels, suggesting an association between Lp(a) levels and the lipid profile. CONCLUSIONS: The evidence that CVD may originate in childhood and adolescence leads to the need for investigating the risk factors during this period in order to propose earlier and possibly more effective interventions to reduce morbidity and mortality rates. .

OBJETIVO: Revisar la relación de la lipoproteína (a) {Lp(a)} con otros factores de riesgo para enfermedades cardiovasculares (ECV) en niños y adolescentes. FUENTES DE DATOS: Se trata de una revisión sistemática, realizada de julio a agosto de 2011, con estudios del periodo de 2001 a 2011, caracterizando un recorte temporal de diez años. Se incluyeron estudios epidemiológicos realizados en niños y/o adolescentes, publicados en inglés, portugués o español, disponibles integralmente en línea. Se realizó la búsqueda en las bases de datos Science Direct, PubMed/Medline, Biblioteca Virtual en Salud y Biblioteca Cochrane, utilizándose la combinación de los descriptores "lipoproteína a", "enfermedades cardiovasculares" y "obesidad". SÍNTESIS DE LOS DATOS: Se encontraron 672 estudios, pero solamente siete fueron incluidos en la revisión. Algunos trabajos evaluaron el histórico familiar para ECV. En todos, los niveles de Lp (a) eran aumentados en los pacientes con ese histórico. Se observó además la correlación positiva entre Lp(a) y colesterol LDL, colesterol total y apolipoproteína B, sugiriendo una asociación entre concentraciones de Lp(a) y perfil lipídico. CONCLUSIONES: La evidencia de que las ECV pueden tener su origen en la infancia y adolescencia lleva a la necesidad de investigar los factores de riesgo en ese periodo, para planear intervenciones cada vez más tempranas y, posiblemente, más efectivas, reduciendo la morbimortalidad. .

OBJETIVO: Revisar a relação da lipoproteína (a) [Lp(a)] com outros fatores de risco para doenças cardiovasculares (DCV) em crianças e adolescentes. FONTES DE DADOS: Revisão sistemática, com estudos do período de 2001 a 2011, caracterizando um recorte temporal de dez anos. Incluíram-se estudos epidemiológicos realizados com crianças e/ou adolescentes, publicados em inglês, português ou espanhol, disponíveis integralmente on-line. Realizou-se a busca nas bases de dados Science Direct, PubMed/Medline, Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde e Biblioteca Cochrane, utilizando-se a combinação dos descritores "lipoproteína a" e "doenças cardiovasculares" e "obesidade". SÍNTESE DOS DADOS: Encontraram-se 672 estudos, porém apenas sete foram incluídos na revisão. Alguns trabalhos avaliaram o histórico familiar para DCV. Em todos, os níveis de Lp(a) eram aumentados nos pacientes com esse histórico. Observou-se também correlação positiva entre Lp(a) e colesterol LDL, colesterol total e apolipoproteína B, sugerindo uma associação entre concentrações de Lp(a) e perfil lipídico. CONCLUSÕES: A evidência de que as DCV podem ter sua origem na infância e na adolescência leva à necessidade de se investigarem os fatores de risco nesse período, para planejar intervenções cada vez mais precoces e, possivelmente, mais efetivas, reduzindo a morbimortalidade. .

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RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: To review the relationship between lipoprotein (a) [Lp(a)] and other risk factors for cardiovascular disease (CVD) in children and adolescents. DATA SOURCES: This systematic review included studies from 2001 to 2011, a ten-year time period. Epidemiological studies with children and/or adolescents published in English, Portuguese or Spanish and fully available online were included. The searches were performed in Science Direct, PubMed/Medline, BVS (Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde) and Cochrane Library databases, using the following combination of key-words: "lipoprotein a" and "cardiovascular diseases" and "obesity". DATA SYNTHESIS: Overall, 672 studies were obtained but only seven were included. Some studies assessed the family history for CVD. In all of them, Lp(a) levels were increased in patients with family history for CVD. There was also a positive correlation between Lp(a) and LDL-cholesterol, total cholesterol, and apolipoprotein B levels, suggesting an association between Lp(a) levels and the lipid profile. CONCLUSIONS: The evidence that CVD may originate in childhood and adolescence leads to the need for investigating the risk factors during this period in order to propose earlier and possibly more effective interventions to reduce morbidity and mortality rates.

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