RESUMO
OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to analyse the attributable risk of mortality and DALYs (Disability Adjusted Life Years) due to occupational carcinogens for lung cancer between 1990 and 2019 in Brazil and federation units, as well as its relationship with the Socio-demographic Index (SDI). STUDY DESIGN: Epidemiological study. METHODS: This is an epidemiological study that used GBD 2019 (Global Burden of Disease Study) estimates of lung cancer mortality rates and DALYs attributable to occupational carcinogens. The relationship between these rates and SDI was assessed using panel data analysis. RESULTS: In Brazil, occupational exposure to asbestos, silica and diesel vapours accounted for more than 85.00% of lung cancer deaths and DALYs attributable to occupational carcinogens in both sexes between 1990 and 2019. An increase in both rates was observed in women for almost all the occupational carcinogens assessed, especially in the North and Northeast regions of the country, with diesel vapours standing out the most. CONCLUSIONS: The present study highlighted the urge to characterise exposure to occupational risks for lung cancer, especially for the female population in the North and Northeast regions of Brazil.
Assuntos
Neoplasias Pulmonares , Doenças Profissionais , Exposição Ocupacional , Humanos , Brasil/epidemiologia , Neoplasias Pulmonares/mortalidade , Neoplasias Pulmonares/epidemiologia , Feminino , Exposição Ocupacional/efeitos adversos , Exposição Ocupacional/estatística & dados numéricos , Masculino , Fatores de Risco , Doenças Profissionais/mortalidade , Doenças Profissionais/epidemiologia , Anos de Vida Ajustados por Deficiência , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Carga Global da Doença , Adulto , Carcinógenos/toxicidade , IdosoRESUMO
Stroke is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Recovery of motor function after stroke can be modified by post-injury experience, but most of surviving patients exhibit persistence of the motor dysfunctions even after rehabilitative therapy. In this study we investigated if skilled and unskilled training induce different motor recovery and brain plasticity after experimental focal ischemia. We tested this hypothesis by evaluating the motor skill relearning and the immunocontent of Synapsin-I, PSD-95 and GFAP (pre and post-synaptic elements, as well as surrounding astroglia) in sensorimotor cortex of both hemispheres 6 weeks after endothelin-1-induced focal brain ischemia in rats. Synapsin-I and PSD-95 levels were increased by skilled training in ischemic sensorimotor cortex. The content of GFAP was augmented as a result of focal brain ischemia in ischemic sensorimotor cortex and that was not modified by rehabilitation training. Unexpectedly, animals remained permanently impaired at the end of motor/functional evaluations. Significant modifications in protein expression were not observed in undamaged sensorimotor cortex. We conclude that skilled motor activity can positively affect brain plasticity after focal ischemia despite of no functional improvement in conditions here tested.
Assuntos
Isquemia Encefálica/reabilitação , Aprendizagem/fisiologia , Córtex Motor/fisiologia , Destreza Motora/fisiologia , Plasticidade Neuronal/fisiologia , Recuperação de Função Fisiológica/fisiologia , Animais , Isquemia Encefálica/metabolismo , Isquemia Encefálica/fisiopatologia , Masculino , Córtex Motor/metabolismo , Desempenho Psicomotor/fisiologia , Ratos , Ratos Wistar , Sinapsinas/biossíntese , Sinapsinas/fisiologiaRESUMO
É relatada a mortalidade cirúrgica na revascularizaçäo do miocárdio em diferentes etapas, entre outubro de 1972 e dezembro de 1984. A partir de 1980 esteve sempre igual ou inferior a 3%, sendo que em um dos Serviços chegou a 0,9% em 1983 e 1984. Säo analisados os fatores incrementadores do risco cirúrgico nesta experiência
Assuntos
Adulto , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Revascularização Miocárdica/mortalidadeAssuntos
Aneurisma Aórtico/cirurgia , Adulto , Idoso , Aorta Torácica , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Métodos , Pessoa de Meia-IdadeRESUMO
Numerosas tecnicas sao empregadas para perfundir a parte inferior do corpo durante a resseccao de aneurisma da aorta toracica descendente. Nenhuma delas e isenta de complicacoes. Cinco casos deste tipo de aneurisma foram tratados pela tecnica de Crawford, com o pincamento puro e simples da aorta descendente. As possiveis vantagens da tecnica sao discutidas