RESUMO
Iron deficiency is the most common nutritional deficit worldwide. The goal of this work was to obtain iron-pectin beads by ionic gelation and evaluate their physiological behavior to support their potential application in the food industry. The beads were firstly analyzed by scanning electronic microscopy, and then physical-chemically characterized by performing swelling, thermogravimetric, porosimetry, Mössbauer spectroscopy and X-ray fluorescence analyses, as well as by determining the particle size. Then, physiological assays were carried out by exposing the beads to simulated gastric and intestinal environments, and determining the iron absorption and transepithelial transport into Caco-2/TC7 cells. Iron-pectin beads were spherical (diameter 1-2â¯mm), with high density (1.29â¯g/mL) and porosity (93.28%) at low pressure, indicating their high permeability even when exposed to low pressure. Swelling in simulated intestinal medium (pH 8) was higher than in simulated gastric medium. The source of iron [FeSO4 (control) or iron-pectin beads] did not have any significant effect on the mineral absorption. Regarding transport, the iron added to the apical pole of Caco-2/TC7 monolayers was recovered in the basal compartment, and this was proportional with the exposure time. After 4â¯h of incubation, the transport of iron arising from the beads was significantly higher than that of the iron from the control (FeSO4). For this reason, iron-pectin beads appear as an interesting system to overcome the low efficiency of iron transport, being a potential strategy to enrich food products with iron, without altering the sensory properties.
Assuntos
Sistemas de Liberação de Medicamentos , Intestinos/citologia , Ferro/administração & dosagem , Ferro/metabolismo , Pectinas/química , Células CACO-2 , Humanos , Ferro/química , Tamanho da Partícula , Propriedades de SuperfícieRESUMO
Liposomes are generally used as delivery systems, as they are capable of encapsulating a wide variety of molecules (i.e. plasmids, recombinant proteins, therapeutic drugs). However, liposomal drug delivery have to fulfill different requirements, such as the effective internalization by the target cells and avoidance of the degradative activity of the intracellular compartments. The use of polymer lipid complexes (PLCs), by including different polymers in the liposome formulation, could improve internalization and intracellular release of drugs. The aim of the present work is to study the mechanisms of cellular uptaking and the intracellular trafficking of PLCs formed with cholesterol-poly(2-(dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate) CHO-PDMAEMA and lecithin (LC CHO-PD). Calcein-loaded liposomes were used to determine cellular uptake and intracellular localization by flow cytometry and confocal microscopy. Incorporation of CHO-PDMAEMA to lecithin liposomes enhanced the internalization capacity of PLCs. Internalization of PLCs by human epithelial-like cells (HEK-293) diminished at 4°C, suggesting uptake by endocytosis. PLCs showed no co-localization with acidic compartments after internalization. Experiments with endocytosis inhibitors and co-localization of liposomes and albumin, suggested the caveolae endocytic pathway as the most probable route for intracellular trafficking of PLCs. In this work, we demonstrated an efficient uptake of LC CHO-PDs by human epithelial-like cells (HEK-293) through the non-degradative caveolae endocytic pathway. The mode of internalization and the intracellular fate of liposomes under study, suggest a promising use of LC CHO-PDs as drug delivery systems.
Assuntos
Colesterol/metabolismo , Endocitose , Lipossomos , Metacrilatos/metabolismo , Nylons/metabolismo , Células HEK293 , HumanosRESUMO
The purpose of this study was to examine the preventive effect of exercise on lumbar vertebrae in ovariectomized rats. Three-month-old female Wistar rats were divided into 3 groups: control group (A, n = 10); non-exercised ovariectomized group (B, n = 7) and exercised ovariectomized group (C, n = 7). The rats from group C were subjected to treadmill exercise (15 m/minute in the initial six weeks and 19 m/minute in the next six weeks, 1 hour/day, 4 days/week) for 12 weeks. At death, the fourth lumbar vertebrae were removed and an anthropometrical analysis by a paquimeter and a mechanical compression test by a universal test machine were performed. After 12 weeks, the ovariectomy decreased the superior-inferior vertebral height and the maximal braking load in group B compared to group A, while the exercise increased the vertebral mass in group C compared to both groups A and B (rho< 0.01) and the stiffness compared to group B. We concluded the physical activity has an important role to prevent the osteopenia in lumbar vertebrae.
Assuntos
Vértebras Lombares/fisiologia , Ovariectomia/efeitos adversos , Condicionamento Físico Animal/fisiologia , Animais , Fenômenos Biomecânicos , Feminino , Ratos , Ratos WistarRESUMO
Esta revisión resume los conocimientos actuales de la copatogénesis inmunopatológica de las principales enfermedades hepáticas, incluyendo la hepatitis viral, hepatitis autoinmune, rechazo de trasplante, reacción del huésped hacia el injerto y otras. El trabajo se refiere principalmente a las implicaciones de los datos para el diagnóstico de la práctica clínica y en menor grado a los datos de las más recientes investigaciones, por lo que está dirigido principalmente al hepatólogo y al patólogo en ejercicio. Los autores desean que la lectura de este trabajo sirva como referencia práctica para el diagnóstico diferencial de las enfermedades hepáticas cada vez más frecuentes
Assuntos
Autoanticorpos , Doenças Autoimunes/imunologia , Doenças Autoimunes/virologia , Colangite Esclerosante/imunologia , Colangite Esclerosante/patologia , Citocinas/imunologia , Hepatite Viral Humana/imunologia , Hepatite Viral Humana/virologia , Imunocompetência/imunologia , Hepatopatias/imunologia , Hepatopatias/patologia , Hepatopatias/virologia , Cirrose Hepática Biliar/imunologia , Testes Imunológicos , Transplante de Fígado/imunologiaRESUMO
The anatomical and physiological basis of pain are subjects of the basic sciences in health sciences undergraduate curriculum. Disciplines focussing pain concepts and pain therapy are not traditional in the medical and nursing schools programs. The description of the organization of the League Against Pain and the presentation the students' opinions about their participation in this educational program were the objectives of the study. The League is composed by nursing and medical students and professionals (physicians of many specialties and nurses). The objectives of the League are: the improvement of the teaching about pain subjects in the nursing and medical schools; the development of research in epidemiological, clinical and therapeutic aspects of pain; the development and promotion of a model of multidisciplinary and multiprofessional assistance to chronic pain patients. The students considered had improved their abilities in pain control and in professional-patients relationship; usefulness and satisfaction with the program; need for inclusion of the program in the undergraduate courses and that the League is a good model for teaching of medical and nursing students in pain.
Assuntos
Currículo , Educação Médica , Educação em Enfermagem , Dor/enfermagem , Ensino/métodos , Humanos , Inquéritos e QuestionáriosRESUMO
Although anatomical and physiological base of pain are subject of the basic sciences in health undergraduate curriculum, it is not usually to have pain concepts and therapy into undergraduate programs. Describing the League Against Pain objectives and organization and the students' opinions about their participation in this league were the aim of this study. The League Against Pain Statute was consulted to describe its objectives and organization. The opinions of all of the students that attended the League Against Pain program in 1995 and 1996 were investigated. The League Against Pain was organized at an university hospital in 1995. It is composed by nurses and medical students and professionals (physicians in varied specialties and nurses). All the activities are voluntary and the students are the managers of the League. The objectives of the League are: improving the quality of teaching of pain subjects in nursing and medical schools; developing research in epidemiological, clinical and therapeutics aspects of pain and to promote a model of multidisciplinary and multiprofessional assistance. The most frequent students' opinions about their participation in the League were: their abilities in pain control and in professional and client relationship were improved; they achieved their objectives; that pain should be included into undergraduate courses; and they would recommend the League for other students. The results are promising. The students' opinions about their experience in the League Against Pain have showed that the League Against Pain could be an usefull model to introduce pain subjects to undergraduate nursing and medical students.
Assuntos
Currículo , Bacharelado em Enfermagem/organização & administração , Dor/prevenção & controle , Sociedades Científicas/organização & administração , Estudantes de Enfermagem/psicologia , Atitude do Pessoal de Saúde , Brasil , Grupos Focais , Humanos , Pesquisa Metodológica em Enfermagem , Objetivos Organizacionais , Avaliação de Programas e Projetos de Saúde , Estudantes de MedicinaRESUMO
Foram analisados 65 casos de sinequia uterina em clientes matriculadas no Ambulatorio de Endocrinologia Ginecologica do Instituto de Ginecologia da UFRJ. A queixa principal foi amenorreia secundaria (72, 3%), e a principal etiologia foi a curetagem no ciclo gravido-puerperal.A histerossalpingografia, na maioria dos casos a sinequia era parcial, distribuida pelo colo e corpo (68,7%). O tratamento a que 34 clientes foram submetidas e o preconizado no Servico (debridamento + DIU + estrogenios), e o melhor resultado ao fluxo menstrual foi quando se usou a terapeutica triplice (52,9%) de eumenorreia). Ocorreu gestacao em oito mulheres, das quais apenas uma resultou em nativivo a termo. O prognostico de gravidez nao pode ser estabelecido, pois nao era o objetico basico do tratamento na maioria das clientes
Assuntos
Gravidez , Humanos , Feminino , Infertilidade Feminina , Distúrbios Menstruais , Doenças Uterinas , Útero , Ferimentos e LesõesRESUMO
Os autores analisaram 95 casos de tumores malignos do ovario. Verificaram maior incidencia entre os de linhagem epitelial (75,785%), e que o diagnostico clinico foi sempre tardio Comentam a orientacao terapeutica sistematizada no IG. UFRJ e os resultados obtidos entre os tipos de cirurgia realizada de acordo com o estadiamento cirurgico do tumor.Ressaltam a importancia do inventario permenorizado da cavidade abdominal para precisar o estadiamento e sequencia da orientacao terapeutica
Assuntos
Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Humanos , Feminino , Neoplasias OvarianasRESUMO
Os autores comentam sobre incidencia, problemas que dificultam o diagnostico precoce, peculiaridades da propagacao linfatica e terapeutica do cancer da vulva. Em seguida apresentam a conduta em 85 casos registrados no Instituto de Ginecologia da Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, em 44 anos (1936 a 1980). A analise do material demonstrou que o cancer da vulva foi mais frequente na setima decada, teve como sintoma principal o prurido vulvar,acometeu mais a regiao labio-clitoridiana e o carcinoma escamoso foi o tipo histopatologico mais comum. O tratamento de eleicao foi o cirurgico, sendo a vulvectomia radical com linfadenectomia inguino-femoral a tecnica mais empregada, entretanto a sobrevida foi tanto maior quanto mais alargada a cirurgia
Assuntos
Adulto , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Humanos , Feminino , Neoplasias VulvaresRESUMO
Os autores estudaram 195 casos de adenocarcinoma do endometrio tratados no Instituto de Ginecologia da Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro. Analisaram os principais metodos terapeuticos, e baseados nesta experiencia opinam sobre a melhor conduta em cada caso. Acham a radiumterapia previa ao tratamento cirurgico desnecessaria. Os melhores resultados foram obtidos com tratamento cirurgico exclusivo, quando comparados a terapeutica combinada pela radiumterapia pre-operatoria nos estadios IA e IB. A operacao mais usada foi a histerectomia abdominal total com anexectomia bilateral e exerese de 1/3 cranial de vagina (80%). A operacao ideal para os estadios I e II e a histerocolpectomia alargada com linfadenectomia pelvica.Foi realizada em apenas 6% dos casos em virtude do alto risco cirurgico apresentado pelas portadoras dessa neoplasia, tornando proibitiva tal conduta sistematica.Utilizamos a hormonioterapia adjuvante com a medroxiprogesterona em todos os casos
Assuntos
Humanos , Neoplasias Uterinas , AdenocarcinomaRESUMO
A syndrome de Meigs e pouco frequente.No Instituto de Ginecologia da Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, apos minuciosa revisao encontramos apenas dois casos em 40 anos.O mais recente e proposito deste trabalho.O mecanismo da ascite e do hidrotorax que acompanha o tumor ovariano caracterizando a sindrome nao e satisfatoriamente explicado. Doencas do coracao, do rim, do figado e do pancreas sao capazes de produzir liquido no abdome e torax entretanto jamais desapareceram com o tratamento exclusivo da causa. Na sindrome de Meigs, a simples extirpacao do tumor faz regredir tais derrames
Assuntos
Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Humanos , Feminino , Síndrome de MeigsRESUMO
Os autores analisam 621 pacientes com diagnostico de incontinencia urinaria de esforco operadas no Instituto de Ginecologia da Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, em um periodo de 13 anos. Observaram que a patologia e mais frequente entre a quarta e a quinta decadas da vida da mulher, e que a operacao de Kelly-Kennedy forneceu os melhores resultados. Os acidentes e as complicacoes pos-operatorias foram mais frequentes na operacao de Burch
Assuntos
Incontinência Urinária por Estresse , Procedimentos Cirúrgicos OperatóriosRESUMO
Os autores apresentam caso de schwannoma retroperitoneal bilateral concomitante a carcinoma do colo do utero em adolcescente gravida destacando a ausencia dos fatores de risco para o cancer cervical uterino e a raridade desta associacao. Comentam a teoria carcinogenetica do fator coito, admitindo sua importancia na genese das neoplasias malignas do colo do utero. Fazem ainda breves consideracoes sobre a incidencia do schwannoma