RESUMO
Objective: The objective of this study was to evaluate the action of soy isoflavones (ISO) and 17ß-estradiol on collagen I (CollI) and sulfated glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) in the bone matrix of diabetic rats.Methods: Sixty adult female rats (Rattus norvegicus albinus) underwent ovariectomy, and then were randomized into six groups of 10 animals each: GI, sham control ovariectomized animals; GII, sham control diabetic (DM) ovariectomized animals; GIII, control ovariectomized animals receiving propylene glycol vehicle; GIV, control ovariectomized DM animals receiving propylene glycol vehicle; GV, ovariectomized DM animals treated with ISO (150 mg/kg by gavage); and GVI, ovariectomized DM animals treated with estrogen (17ß-estradiol, 10 mg/kg, subcutaneously). 17ß-Estradiol was used as a positive control when compared with ISO. To obtain significant depletion of the estrogen levels and subsequent bone loss, a postsurgical period of 90 days was observed. Treatments occurred during 30 consecutive days. After euthanasia, shafts of the animals' femurs were immersed in liquid nitrogen for molecular biology analysis, and the distal femurs were removed and processed for paraffin embedding.Results: ISO (GV) and 17ß-estradiol (GVI) improved bone formation, increasing GAGs and CollI formation when compared to the control group (GIV) (p < 0.05).Conclusions: ISO and 17ß-estradiol contribute to the decrease of bone loss in diabetic rats.
Assuntos
Osso e Ossos/metabolismo , Estradiol/farmacologia , Estrogênios/farmacologia , Isoflavonas/química , Animais , Colágeno Tipo I/análise , Diabetes Mellitus Experimental , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 1/metabolismo , Estradiol/metabolismo , Estrogênios/metabolismo , Feminino , Glicosaminoglicanos/análise , Humanos , Isoflavonas/metabolismo , Ovariectomia , Pós-Menopausa , Distribuição Aleatória , RatosRESUMO
Ovarian aging is characterized by declines in follicular reserve and oocyte quality due, in part, to increased oxidative stress and apoptosis. Soy isoflavones (ISOs) have been shown to improve ovarian lifespan by acting as antioxidant and antiapoptotic agents. We aimed at evaluating whether ISOs could modulate oxidative stress and reduce apoptosis and improve ovarian follicle survival in middle-aged female rats. Twelve ovary-intact female Wistar rats (12-month-old) were divided into groups: control (CTRL) and ISO, daily treated by gavage with vehicle or soy-ISO extract (150 mg/kg b.w), respectively. After 8 weeks, rats were euthanized and their ovaries removed for histomorphometric (% follicles) and apoptosis (cleaved-caspase-3/BCL2 immunostaining) evaluations, or subjected to biochemical assays to survey reactive oxygen species (ROS) and lipid peroxidation levels and total antioxidant capacity (TAC). The frequency of atretic follicles and number of cleaved-caspase-3-positive cells, as well as the ROS and lipid peroxidation levels, were significantly lower in ISO group compared to CTRL. A significantly higher number of BCL2-positive cells and TAC levels were also observed in ISO group. In conclusion, soy ISOs could decrease follicular atresia, apoptosis and oxidative stress, as well as increase the TAC in ovaries of female rats.
Assuntos
Apoptose/efeitos dos fármacos , Isoflavonas/administração & dosagem , Ovário/efeitos dos fármacos , Estresse Oxidativo/efeitos dos fármacos , Substâncias Protetoras/administração & dosagem , Animais , Caspase 3/metabolismo , Feminino , Ovário/metabolismo , Ratos , Ratos Wistar , Espécies Reativas de Oxigênio/metabolismoRESUMO
AIM: To evaluate the combined effects of streptozotocin-induced diabetes (Di) and ovariectomy in the articular cartilage of rats. METHODS: Forty adult female Wistar rats were ovariectomized (OVX) or sham-operated. After recovery from surgery, the animals were assigned randomly into four groups: OVX control (OVX-C); OVX treated with 10 µg/kg/day of 17ß-estradiol (OVX-E); sham-operated subjected to Di (Sham-Di); and OVX subjected to Di (OVX-Di). After 60 days of treatment, the animals were euthanized and the distal femurs with articular cartilage were processed for paraffin-embedding. Sections were stained with hematoxylin and eosin for histomorphometry, Picro-Sirius Red for collagen, or Alcian Blue for glycosaminoglycan (GAG) content. To detect apoptosis, sections were stained with an antibody to cleaved caspase-3 (casp-3). RESULTS: Articular cartilage thickness and GAG content were significantly lower (p < 0.05) in the OVX-Di group, which also showed a higher number of casp-3-positive chondrocytes than the other groups. Interestingly, the higher percentage (p < 0.05) of mature collagen fibers was seen in the OVX-Di group, may be as a result of a reduced extracellular matrix remodeling of the articular cartilage. CONCLUSION: Our results indicate that the combination of ovariectomy and streptozotocin-induced diabetes produces more deleterious effects in articular cartilage of rats than either condition alone.
Assuntos
Cartilagem Articular/patologia , Diabetes Mellitus Experimental/complicações , Ovariectomia/efeitos adversos , Animais , Densidade Óssea/efeitos dos fármacos , Diabetes Mellitus Experimental/patologia , Estradiol/farmacologia , Feminino , Fêmur/efeitos dos fármacos , Glicosaminoglicanos/análise , Distribuição Aleatória , Ratos , Ratos Wistar , EstreptozocinaRESUMO
Objetivou-se avaliar o efeito da ingestão de gossipol livre sobre a qualidade espermática e a morfologia dos testículos e dos epidídimos de touros da raça Nelore. Doze touros receberam dieta contendo 3,3g de gossipol livre/touro/dia (caroço de algodão) (Grupo 1, n=6) e dieta isenta de gossipol (Grupo 2, n=6), respectivamente. Foram realizadas coletas de sêmen no início e no final do experimento, que teve duração de 73 dias. Ao final do estudo, foram retirados os testículos e os epidídimos dos touros para se estudar o efeito do gossipol livre sobre as características histológicas. O consumo médio de 3,3g de gossipol livre/touro/dia (média 7,1mg de gossipol livre/kg/dia) reduziu a motilidade e a concentração espermática e aumentou a porcentagem de defeitos espermáticos maiores e totais. Além disso, os animais apresentaram testículos com túbulos seminíferos de menor espessura de parede, menor número de camadas de células espermatogênicas, menor espessura do epitélio epididimário e menor número de espermatozoide no interior dos ductos epidídimários, em relação aos animais com dieta isenta de gossipol (Grupo 2). O consumo de 3,3g de gossipol livre/touro/dia acarretou alterações na morfologia e na morfometria dos testículos e dos epidídimos e reduziu a qualidade espermática dos touros.
The objective was to evaluate the effect of intake of free gossypol on sperm quality and morphology of the testicles and epididymis of Nelore bulls. Twelve bulls were fed diets containing 3.3g of free gossypol/bull/day (cottonseed) (Group 1, n = 6) and a diet free of gossypol (Group 2, n = 6), respectively. Semen samples were collected in the beginning and end of the experiment which lasted 73 days. In the end of the study the testes and epididymis of bulls were removed to study the effect of free gossypol on histological characteristics. The average consumption of 3.3g of free gossypol/bull/day (mean 7.1mg of free gossypol/kg/day) reduced motility and sperm concentration and increased the percentage of major and total sperm defects, as well as the animals showing testes with seminiferous tubules of smaller thickness, fewer layers of spermatogenic lineage cells, smaller epididymal epithelium thickness and smaller number of sperm within the epididymal ducts, compared to animals with a diet free of gossypol (Group 2). The consumption of 3.3g of free gossypol/bull/day led to changes in morphology and morphometry of the testes and epididymis and reduced sperm quality of bulls.
Assuntos
Animais , Análise do Sêmen , Dieta , Gossipol , Testículo/anatomia & histologia , Bovinos/classificaçãoRESUMO
Objetivou-se avaliar o efeito da ingestão de gossipol livre sobre a qualidade espermática e a morfologia dos testículos e dos epidídimos de touros da raça Nelore. Doze touros receberam dieta contendo 3,3g de gossipol livre/touro/dia (caroço de algodão) (Grupo 1, n=6) e dieta isenta de gossipol (Grupo 2, n=6), respectivamente. Foram realizadas coletas de sêmen no início e no final do experimento, que teve duração de 73 dias. Ao final do estudo, foram retirados os testículos e os epidídimos dos touros para se estudar o efeito do gossipol livre sobre as características histológicas. O consumo médio de 3,3g de gossipol livre/touro/dia (média 7,1mg de gossipol livre/kg/dia) reduziu a motilidade e a concentração espermática e aumentou a porcentagem de defeitos espermáticos maiores e totais. Além disso, os animais apresentaram testículos com túbulos seminíferos de menor espessura de parede, menor número de camadas de células espermatogênicas, menor espessura do epitélio epididimário e menor número de espermatozoide no interior dos ductos epidídimários, em relação aos animais com dieta isenta de gossipol (Grupo 2). O consumo de 3,3g de gossipol livre/touro/dia acarretou alterações na morfologia e na morfometria dos testículos e dos epidídimos e reduziu a qualidade espermática dos touros.(AU)
The objective was to evaluate the effect of intake of free gossypol on sperm quality and morphology of the testicles and epididymis of Nelore bulls. Twelve bulls were fed diets containing 3.3g of free gossypol/bull/day (cottonseed) (Group 1, n = 6) and a diet free of gossypol (Group 2, n = 6), respectively. Semen samples were collected in the beginning and end of the experiment which lasted 73 days. In the end of the study the testes and epididymis of bulls were removed to study the effect of free gossypol on histological characteristics. The average consumption of 3.3g of free gossypol/bull/day (mean 7.1mg of free gossypol/kg/day) reduced motility and sperm concentration and increased the percentage of major and total sperm defects, as well as the animals showing testes with seminiferous tubules of smaller thickness, fewer layers of spermatogenic lineage cells, smaller epididymal epithelium thickness and smaller number of sperm within the epididymal ducts, compared to animals with a diet free of gossypol (Group 2). The consumption of 3.3g of free gossypol/bull/day led to changes in morphology and morphometry of the testes and epididymis and reduced sperm quality of bulls.(AU)
Assuntos
Animais , Análise do Sêmen , Testículo/anatomia & histologia , Dieta , Gossipol , Bovinos/classificaçãoRESUMO
Foi realizada falha segmentar de 6mm na região metafisária medial da tíbia de 12 coelhos, seguida de preenchimento desta por matriz óssea mineralizada heteróloga fragmentada conservada em glicerina (98%) e metilmetacrilato autoclavado, bem como avaliação por meio da tomografia computadorizada de feixe cônico (cone beam) aos 30, 60 e 90 dias. Houve incorporação gradativa do implante no leito receptor em relação ao tempo em 100% dos casos, o que mostra ser este biologicamente compatível, ao promover reparação da falha óssea, sem sinais de infecção, migração e/ou rejeição, caracterizando-se, assim, como nova opção de substituto ósseo para preenchimento de falhas ósseas.
A 6mm segmental defect was performed on the metaphyseal region of the tibia of 12 rabbits and the autoclaved fragmented heterolog cortical bone conserved in glycerin (98%) and methylmethacrylate was used as a bone graft for the reconstruction. The graft was placed in the receptor bed and its integration was evaluated by computed tomography after 30, 60 and 90 days. There was gradual bone graft incorporation in the receptor bed during the time in 100% of the cases. Fragmented cortical bone heterograft and methylmethacrylate was biologically compatible and promotes bone defect reparation without signs of infection, migration and or rejection, featuring a new option of osseous substitute to fill in bone defects.
Assuntos
Animais , Coelhos , Matriz Óssea , Metilmetacrilato , Tíbia/anormalidades , Tomografia Computadorizada de Feixe Cônico/veterinária , Osso e Ossos/anormalidades , Tomografia Computadorizada por Raios XRESUMO
To study whether treatment with heparin (HEP) attenuates intestinal dysfunction caused by ischemia (I) and reperfusion (R), rats were treated with HEP (100 U/kg intravenously) or saline solution (SS) before I (60 min), which was produced by occlusion of the superior mesenteric artery, and R (120 min). After I or I/R, we mounted 2-cm jejunal segment in an organ bath to study neurogenic contractions stimulated by electrical pulses or KCl, using a digital recording system. Thin jejunal slices were stained with hematoxylin and eosin for optical microscopy. Compared with the sham group, jejunal contractions were similar in the I + HEP and the I/R + HEP groups, but reduced in the I + SS and the I/R + SS groups. The jejunal enteric nerves were damaged in the I + SS and the I/R + SS, but not in the I + HEP and the I/R + HEP cohorts. These results suggested that HEP attenuated intestinal dysfunction caused by I and I/R.
Assuntos
Fármacos Gastrointestinais/farmacologia , Heparina/farmacologia , Jejuno/irrigação sanguínea , Jejuno/efeitos dos fármacos , Traumatismo por Reperfusão/prevenção & controle , Animais , Citoproteção , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Estimulação Elétrica , Sistema Nervoso Entérico/efeitos dos fármacos , Sistema Nervoso Entérico/fisiopatologia , Motilidade Gastrointestinal/efeitos dos fármacos , Jejuno/inervação , Jejuno/patologia , Jejuno/fisiopatologia , Masculino , Cloreto de Potássio/farmacologia , Ratos , Ratos Wistar , Traumatismo por Reperfusão/patologia , Traumatismo por Reperfusão/fisiopatologiaRESUMO
To study whether ischemic preconditioning (IPC) attenuated intestinal dysfunction caused by ischemia (I) and reperfusion (R), rats were underwent 60 minutes of I which was produced by occlusion of the superior mesenteric artery, and/or 120 minutes R. The IPC group had the I procedure previously stimulated for 5 minutes and the R for 10 minutes. IPC and sham groups were injected with saline solution (SS) via the femoral vein 5 minutes before the I and R, and for R. After I or I/R, 2-cm jejunal segments were mounted in an organ bath to study neurogenic contractions stimulated by electrical pulses or KCl using a digital recording system. Thin jejunal slices were stained with hematoxylin and eosin for optical microscopy. Compared with the sham group, jejunal contractions were similar in the IPC + I and the IPC + I/R groups, but reduced in the I + SS and the I/R + SS groups. The jejunal enteric nerves were damaged in the I + SS and the I/R + SS groups, but not in the IPC groups. These results suggested that ischemic preconditioning attenuated intestinal dysfunction caused by I and I/R.
Assuntos
Precondicionamento Isquêmico , Jejuno/irrigação sanguínea , Traumatismo por Reperfusão/prevenção & controle , Animais , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Estimulação Elétrica , Sistema Nervoso Entérico/fisiopatologia , Motilidade Gastrointestinal , Jejuno/efeitos dos fármacos , Jejuno/inervação , Jejuno/patologia , Jejuno/fisiopatologia , Masculino , Cloreto de Potássio/farmacologia , Ratos , Ratos Wistar , Traumatismo por Reperfusão/patologia , Traumatismo por Reperfusão/fisiopatologiaRESUMO
To examine whether treatment with L-arginine (ARG), a substrate of nitric oxide biosynthesis, attenuated intestinal dysfunction caused by ischemia (I) and reperfusion (R), we treated rats with ARG (100 mg/kg intravenously) or saline solution (SS) before 60 minutes of I produced by occlusion of the superior mesenteric artery and/or during 120 minutes of R. After I or I/R, we isolated 2-cm jejunal segments for mounting in an organ bath to study neurogenic contractions stimulated by electrical pulses or KCl with the use of a digital recording system. Thin jejunal slices were stained with hematoxylin and eosin for optical microscopy. Jejunal contractions were similar in the sham and I+ARG, but reduced in I+SS, I/R+SS, and I/R+ARG groups. Jejunal enteric nerves were damaged in I+SS, IR+SS, and IR+ARG, but not in the I+ARG group, suggesting that ARG attenuate intestinal dysfunctions due to I but not to R.
Assuntos
Arginina/farmacologia , Fármacos Gastrointestinais/farmacologia , Jejuno/irrigação sanguínea , Jejuno/efeitos dos fármacos , Traumatismo por Reperfusão/tratamento farmacológico , Animais , Citoproteção , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Estimulação Elétrica , Sistema Nervoso Entérico/efeitos dos fármacos , Sistema Nervoso Entérico/fisiopatologia , Motilidade Gastrointestinal/efeitos dos fármacos , Jejuno/inervação , Jejuno/patologia , Jejuno/fisiopatologia , Masculino , Cloreto de Potássio/farmacologia , Ratos , Ratos Wistar , Traumatismo por Reperfusão/patologia , Traumatismo por Reperfusão/fisiopatologiaRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Dysfunction of the liver after transplantation may be related to the graft size and ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury. N-Acetylcysteine (NAC) exerts beneficial effects on livers undergoing ischemia reperfusion. We sought to evaluate NAC modulation on reduced livers associated with I/R injury. METHODS: Male C57BL/6 mice of 8 weeks of age were divided into groups: 50% hepatectomy (G-Hep); NAC (G-Hep + NAC [150 mg/kg]) via vena cava 15 minutes before hepatectomy; ischemia (G-Hep + IR); NAC with hepatectomy (G-IR + Hep + Nac); and IR using 30 minutes selective hepatic occlusion and reperfusion for 24 hours. After 24 hours, the remaining liver was removed, for staining with hematoxylin and eosin or labeling by proliferating cell nuclear antigen. Blood was collected for biochemical evaluations. Significance was considered for P ≤ .05. RESULTS: Aspartate aminotransferase was high in all studied groups reflecting the hepatectomy and intervention. injuries. However, when assessing alanine aminotransferase, which depicts liver function, induction of IR promoted a greater increase than hepatectomy (P = .0003). NAC decreased ALT activity in all groups, even in association with I/R (P < .05), reflecting a modulation of the injury. Necrosis resulting from IR was mitigated by NAC. The experimental model of 50% reduced live promoted regeneration of the hepatic remnant, which was accentuated by NAC, according to the total number of hepatocytes and PCNA values. CONCLUSION: NAC preserved the remnant liver in mice and stimulates regeneration even after IR injury.
Assuntos
Acetilcisteína/farmacologia , Proliferação de Células/efeitos dos fármacos , Hepatectomia , Regeneração Hepática/efeitos dos fármacos , Fígado/efeitos dos fármacos , Fígado/cirurgia , Traumatismo por Reperfusão/tratamento farmacológico , Alanina Transaminase/sangue , Animais , Aspartato Aminotransferases/sangue , Biomarcadores/sangue , Biomarcadores/metabolismo , Citoproteção , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Imuno-Histoquímica , Fígado/irrigação sanguínea , Fígado/metabolismo , Fígado/patologia , Masculino , Camundongos , Camundongos Endogâmicos C57BL , Necrose , Antígeno Nuclear de Célula em Proliferação/metabolismo , Traumatismo por Reperfusão/metabolismo , Traumatismo por Reperfusão/patologia , Fatores de TempoRESUMO
Foi realizada falha segmentar de 6mm na região metafisária medial da tíbia de 12 coelhos, seguida de preenchimento desta por matriz óssea mineralizada heteróloga fragmentada conservada em glicerina (98%) e metilmetacrilato autoclavado, bem como avaliação por meio da tomografia computadorizada de feixe cônico (cone beam) aos 30, 60 e 90 dias. Houve incorporação gradativa do implante no leito receptor em relação ao tempo em 100% dos casos, o que mostra ser este biologicamente compatível, ao promover reparação da falha óssea, sem sinais de infecção, migração e/ou rejeição, caracterizando-se, assim, como nova opção de substituto ósseo para preenchimento de falhas ósseas.(AU)
A 6mm segmental defect was performed on the metaphyseal region of the tibia of 12 rabbits and the autoclaved fragmented heterolog cortical bone conserved in glycerin (98%) and methylmethacrylate was used as a bone graft for the reconstruction. The graft was placed in the receptor bed and its integration was evaluated by computed tomography after 30, 60 and 90 days. There was gradual bone graft incorporation in the receptor bed during the time in 100% of the cases. Fragmented cortical bone heterograft and methylmethacrylate was biologically compatible and promotes bone defect reparation without signs of infection, migration and or rejection, featuring a new option of osseous substitute to fill in bone defects.(AU)
Assuntos
Animais , Coelhos , Matriz Óssea , Metilmetacrilato , Tíbia/anormalidades , Tomografia Computadorizada de Feixe Cônico/veterinária , Tomografia Computadorizada por Raios X , Osso e Ossos/anormalidadesRESUMO
Estudou-se a viabilidade do autotransplante de tecido esplênico, um terço do baço, associado à esplenectomia parcial, e verificou-se a cinética evolutiva de sua regeneração, sob o aspecto macroscópico e histológico. Foram utilizados 28 ratos Wistar, adultos, machos, com média de peso de 300g, distribuídos em quatro grupos experimentais. Cada animal foi submetido à esplenectomia parcial, e um fragmento de baço foi transplantado para o omento maior, por períodos de 30, 60, 90 e 120 dias. Após cada período pré-estipulado, os tecidos esplênicos autotransplantados foram coletados e analisados histologicamente. Os resultados mostraram regeneração da cápsula esplênica, dos vasos sanguíneos e das polpas branca e vermelha. Aos 90 dias, a arquitetura microscópica apresentava-se semelhante à do baço normal.
The splenic tissue autograft viability (one third of the spleen) associated to parcial splenectomy was studied to verify the evolutive kinetic of its regeneration by macroscopic and histological aspects. Twenty-eight adult male Wistar rats, weighting 300g, were distributed in four experimental groups. Each animal was submitted to parcial splenectomy and one fragment of each spleen was autotransplanted to the greater omentum, for a period of 30, 60, 90, and 120 days. After each period, the autotransplanted splenic tissues were collected and histopathologically analyzed. The results showed regeneration of the splenic capsule, blood vessels, white pulp, and red pulp. After 90 days, the microscopic architecture was similar to the normal spleen.
Assuntos
Animais , Masculino , Adulto , Ratos , Baço/transplante , Ratos Wistar , Regeneração , Baço/anatomia & histologia , Esplenectomia/veterináriaRESUMO
Estudou-se a viabilidade do autotransplante de tecido esplênico, um terço do baço, associado à esplenectomia parcial, e verificou-se a cinética evolutiva de sua regeneração, sob o aspecto macroscópico e histológico. Foram utilizados 28 ratos Wistar, adultos, machos, com média de peso de 300g, distribuídos em quatro grupos experimentais. Cada animal foi submetido à esplenectomia parcial, e um fragmento de baço foi transplantado para o omento maior, por períodos de 30, 60, 90 e 120 dias. Após cada período pré-estipulado, os tecidos esplênicos autotransplantados foram coletados e analisados histologicamente. Os resultados mostraram regeneração da cápsula esplênica, dos vasos sanguíneos e das polpas branca e vermelha. Aos 90 dias, a arquitetura microscópica apresentava-se semelhante à do baço normal.(AU)
The splenic tissue autograft viability (one third of the spleen) associated to parcial splenectomy was studied to verify the evolutive kinetic of its regeneration by macroscopic and histological aspects. Twenty-eight adult male Wistar rats, weighting 300g, were distributed in four experimental groups. Each animal was submitted to parcial splenectomy and one fragment of each spleen was autotransplanted to the greater omentum, for a period of 30, 60, 90, and 120 days. After each period, the autotransplanted splenic tissues were collected and histopathologically analyzed. The results showed regeneration of the splenic capsule, blood vessels, white pulp, and red pulp. After 90 days, the microscopic architecture was similar to the normal spleen.(AU)
Assuntos
Animais , Masculino , Adulto , Ratos , Ratos Wistar , Baço/transplante , Regeneração , Esplenectomia/veterinária , Baço/anatomia & histologiaRESUMO
Avaliaram-se as alterações morfológicas, morfométricas e ultraestruturais que ocorreram no baço devido à isquemia produzida pelo clampeamento total do pedículo hepático. Para tanto, foram utilizados 40 ratos machos, distribuídos em quatro grupos de 10 animais. O grupo-controle (C) não foi submetido à isquemia, e os grupos tratados (E1, E2e E3) foram submetidos ao clampeamento por 10, 20 e 30 minutos, respectivamente. Fragmentos do baço foram retirados e analisados histologicamente pela microscopia de luz (hematoxilina-eosina, ferrocianeto-férrico) e pela microscopia eletrônica de transmissão. Os resultados demonstraram que 10 minutos de clampeamento do pedículo hepático são suficientes para apresentar sinais de congestão esplênica e 20 e 30 minutos promovem intensa digestão de hemácias pelos macrófagos, com presença de grânulos de ferro (hemossiderina) no parênquima esplênico.
The macro and microscopic alterations that occurred in the spleen during an ischemia produced by the hepatic pedicle total clamping were studied. Forty male rats were distributed in four groups of 10 animals each. The control group (C) was not submitted to ischemia and the treated groups (E1, E2, and E3) were submitted to the clamping during 10, 20, and 30 minutes, respectively. Spleen fragments were collected and histologically analyzed by the light microscopy (eosin-hematoxilin and ferric ferrocyanide) and by the transmission electron microscopy. The results showed that 10 minutes of hepatic pedicle total clamping was enough produce signs of splenic congestion and 20 and 30 minutes promoted intense red bood cels digestion by the macrophages with the presence of iron granules (hemosiderin) in the splenic parenchyma.
Assuntos
Animais , Ratos , Baço/anatomia & histologia , Hemossiderina , Isquemia/induzido quimicamente , Baço/irrigação sanguínea , Ruptura Esplênica/induzido quimicamenteRESUMO
Avaliaram-se as alterações morfológicas, morfométricas e ultraestruturais que ocorreram no baço devido à isquemia produzida pelo clampeamento total do pedículo hepático. Para tanto, foram utilizados 40 ratos machos, distribuídos em quatro grupos de 10 animais. O grupo-controle (C) não foi submetido à isquemia, e os grupos tratados (E1, E2e E3) foram submetidos ao clampeamento por 10, 20 e 30 minutos, respectivamente. Fragmentos do baço foram retirados e analisados histologicamente pela microscopia de luz (hematoxilina-eosina, ferrocianeto-férrico) e pela microscopia eletrônica de transmissão. Os resultados demonstraram que 10 minutos de clampeamento do pedículo hepático são suficientes para apresentar sinais de congestão esplênica e 20 e 30 minutos promovem intensa digestão de hemácias pelos macrófagos, com presença de grânulos de ferro (hemossiderina) no parênquima esplênico.(AU)
The macro and microscopic alterations that occurred in the spleen during an ischemia produced by the hepatic pedicle total clamping were studied. Forty male rats were distributed in four groups of 10 animals each. The control group (C) was not submitted to ischemia and the treated groups (E1, E2, and E3) were submitted to the clamping during 10, 20, and 30 minutes, respectively. Spleen fragments were collected and histologically analyzed by the light microscopy (eosin-hematoxilin and ferric ferrocyanide) and by the transmission electron microscopy. The results showed that 10 minutes of hepatic pedicle total clamping was enough produce signs of splenic congestion and 20 and 30 minutes promoted intense red bood cels digestion by the macrophages with the presence of iron granules (hemosiderin) in the splenic parenchyma.(AU)
Assuntos
Animais , Ratos , Baço/anatomia & histologia , Isquemia/induzido quimicamente , Hemossiderina , Baço/irrigação sanguínea , Ruptura Esplênica/induzido quimicamenteRESUMO
In this work, we evaluate the effects of adenosine 5' triphosphate (ATP) on hepatic lesions caused by ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) in liver rabbit. Rabbits were pretreated with ATP (15 mg/kg IV) or saline solution 0.9% (SS), before the hepatic I/R procedure. We evaluated the effects of ATP on hepatic injury before and after I/R. The warm hepatic I/R procedure caused profound acute liver injury, as indicated by elevated serum aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, and lactic dehydrogenase levels, as well as a high apoptotic cell count. All these changes were attenuate by ATP treatment before the hepatic I/R procedure. These results suggested that ATP exerted protective effects on hepatic I/R lesions in the rabbit. This ATP effect may be related to improved energy metabolism during reperfusion in ischemic livers protecting against functional damage of cellular and subcellular membranes during lipid peroxidation.
Assuntos
Hepatopatias/fisiopatologia , Purinas/metabolismo , Traumatismo por Reperfusão/fisiopatologia , Trifosfato de Adenosina/uso terapêutico , Alanina Transaminase/efeitos dos fármacos , Alanina Transaminase/metabolismo , Animais , Aspartato Aminotransferases/efeitos dos fármacos , Aspartato Aminotransferases/metabolismo , Isquemia/fisiopatologia , L-Lactato Desidrogenase/efeitos dos fármacos , L-Lactato Desidrogenase/metabolismo , Fígado/efeitos dos fármacos , Fígado/fisiopatologia , Hepatopatias/prevenção & controle , Masculino , Mitocôndrias Hepáticas/efeitos dos fármacos , Mitocôndrias Hepáticas/metabolismo , Coelhos , Traumatismo por Reperfusão/prevenção & controleRESUMO
We evaluated the effects of a substrate in the biosynthesis of nitric oxide (NO)-l-arginine (LARG)-on hepatic lesions caused by ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury in rabbit livers. Rabbits were pretreated with LARG (150 mg/kg IV) or saline solution 0.9% (SS) before the hepatic I/R procedure. The effects of LARG on hepatic injury were evaluated before and after I/R. The warm hepatic I/R procedure produced profound acute liver injury, as indicated by elevated values of serum aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and lactic dehydrogenase (LDH), as well as a high apoptotic cell count. All changes were attenuated by treatment with LARG before the hepatic I/R procedure. These results suggested that LARG produced protective effects on hepatic I/R lesions. This protective effect of LARG was probably associated with blocking generation of superoxide anions during the hepatic I/R procedure.
Assuntos
Arginina/uso terapêutico , Hepatopatias/prevenção & controle , Traumatismo por Reperfusão/prevenção & controle , Alanina Transaminase/sangue , Alanina Transaminase/efeitos dos fármacos , Animais , Aspartato Aminotransferases/sangue , Aspartato Aminotransferases/efeitos dos fármacos , L-Lactato Desidrogenase/sangue , L-Lactato Desidrogenase/efeitos dos fármacos , Circulação Hepática/efeitos dos fármacos , Masculino , Óxido Nítrico/metabolismo , Coelhos , Traumatismo por Reperfusão/enzimologia , Traumatismo por Reperfusão/patologia , Vasoconstrição/efeitos dos fármacosRESUMO
Because the role of heparin (HEP) in hepatic ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury is still not fully understood, we investigated the effects of treatment with HEP on hepatic I/R injury in rabbits. For I/R procedures, the portal vein and hepatic artery were occluded by a metallic clamp to promote ischemia. The clamp was removed after 30 minutes to allow reperfusion. Rabbits undergoing the I/R procedure were treated with HEP (100 U/kg) or saline solution 0.9% (SS). When compared with levels before I/R, the serum aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, and lactate dehydrogenase, levels were increased by the hepatic I/R procedure, among rabbits treated with SS or HEP. However, the increase in these enzymes was lower among rabbits treated with HEP. Histologic analysis of hepatic tissue of rabbits undergoing I/R and treated with SS showed marked lesions in the central lobule with significant inflammatory infiltration. In contrast, a significant reduction in lesions caused by I/R was observed in the livers of rabbits treated with HEP. After starting reperfusion, we visualized apoptotic cells with nuclear staining among rabbits submitted to I/R and treated with SS, but not those treated with HEP. These results suggested that HEP was able to attenuate hepatic lesions caused by I/R in the livers of rabbits.
Assuntos
Heparina/uso terapêutico , Isquemia/tratamento farmacológico , Hepatopatias/tratamento farmacológico , Traumatismo por Reperfusão/prevenção & controle , Alanina Transaminase/efeitos dos fármacos , Alanina Transaminase/metabolismo , Animais , Aspartato Aminotransferases/efeitos dos fármacos , Aspartato Aminotransferases/metabolismo , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Fibrinolíticos/uso terapêutico , Isquemia/enzimologia , L-Lactato Desidrogenase/efeitos dos fármacos , L-Lactato Desidrogenase/metabolismo , Fígado/enzimologia , Hepatopatias/enzimologia , Masculino , Coelhos , Traumatismo por Reperfusão/enzimologiaRESUMO
In this work, we evaluated the effects of allopurinol (ALO), an inhibitor of xanthine oxidase (XO), on hepatic lesions caused by ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) in the rabbit liver. Rabbits were pretreated with ALO (10 mg/kg IV) or saline solution 0.9% before the hepatic I/R procedure. The effects of ALO on hepatic injury were evaluated before and after I/R. A standard, warm hepatic I/R procedure caused profound acute liver injury, as indicated by elevated serum aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, and lactic dehydrogenase levels, as well as a high apoptotic cell count. All of these changes were reversed by the administration of ALO before the hepatic I/R procedure. In conclusion, ALO exerted protective effects on hepatic I/R lesions. This protective effect of ALO was probably associated with blocking the generation of superoxide anions during the hepatic I/R procedure by inhibiting XO activity.
Assuntos
Alopurinol/uso terapêutico , Hepatopatias/prevenção & controle , Traumatismo por Reperfusão/prevenção & controle , Alanina Transaminase/sangue , Alanina Transaminase/efeitos dos fármacos , Animais , Aspartato Aminotransferases/sangue , Aspartato Aminotransferases/efeitos dos fármacos , Inibidores Enzimáticos/uso terapêutico , L-Lactato Desidrogenase/sangue , L-Lactato Desidrogenase/efeitos dos fármacos , Masculino , Coelhos , Xantina Oxidase/antagonistas & inibidoresRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Previous studies have suggested that the addition of heparin to a preservation solution attenuated the autonomic dysfunction observed in rat jejunum and in addition that hypothermic hyperbaric oxygenation may play a role as a preservation technique. However, these studies did not address the lesion indices of the autonomic enteric neurons. We sought to investigate whether the autonomic enteric neurons are injured during cold ischemic preservation and whether administration of heparin or hyperbaric oxygenation prevents this lesion. METHODS: Jejunal segments (2 cm; n = 20) of Wistar rats (12-16 weeks old) were maintained in lactated Ringer's solution without or with heparin (H- and H+, respectively) at 4 degrees C under normobaric conditions. Other jejunal segments (n = 10) were maintained at 4 degrees C in H- under hyperbaric oxygenation conditions (HBO). After preservation for 12 hours, H-, H+, and HBO preparations fixed in 10% formaldehyde were stained with hematoxylin and eosin. The lesion indices were expressed as the mean number of affected neurons (karyorhexis, nuclear dislocation, cytoplasmic vacuolisation) per 100 neurons present in intramural ganglia. Statistical analysis was performed using the Mann-Whitney test (P < .05). RESULTS: The histologic studies showed that enteric autonomic neurons were damaged in H- jejunal segments. The lesion indices observed were: karyorhexis 90/100, nuclear dislocation 85/100, and cytoplasmic vacuolization 82/100. The autonomic neurons in H+ and HBO segments seemed to be normal and significantly well-preserved (P < .001). CONCLUSION: Hypothermic hyperbaric oxygenation and heparin prevented lesions in cold ischemic preservation of enteric autonomic neurons.