RESUMO
DM intake (DMI) for individual pens of cattle is recorded daily or averaged across each week by most commercial feedlots as an index of performance. Numerous factors impact DMI by feedlot cattle. Some are available at the start of the feedlot period (initial BW, sex), and others become available early in the feeding period (daily DMI during adaptation) or more continuously (daily DMI from the previous week). To evaluate the relative impact of these factors on daily DMI during individual weeks within the feedlot period, we employed a dataset compiled from 2009 to 2014 from one commercial feedlot, including 4 132 pens (485 458 cattle), which were split into two fractions: 80% were used to calculate DMI regressions on these factors to develop a prediction equation for mean DMI for each week of the feeding period, and 20% were reserved to test the adequacy of these prediction equations. Correlations were used to determine the relationship between all available variables with observed DMI. These variables were then included in the generalized least squares regression models. A veracity test of the model was performed against the reserved data. Daily DMI from previous week was the factor most highly correlated with daily DMI (P < 0.10) during from week 6 to week 31, accounting for approximately 70% of the variation, followed by mean daily DMI during adaptation period (weeks 1-4), including in the prediction model from weeks 5 to 12. Initial shrunk BW (ISBW) was the third most correlated factor, which was included in prediction equations from week 5 to week 20. Sex entered the prediction model only after week 8. Daily DMI for each test week within the feeding period was predicted closely (r2 = 0.98) by these four factors (RMSE = 0.155 kg). In conclusion, the mean daily DMI during each week of the finishing period for a pen of cattle could be predicted closely based on mean daily DMI intake during the previous week plus other variables available early in a feedlot period (daily DMI during adaptation period, ISBW and sex).
Assuntos
Ração Animal , Dieta , Bovinos , Animais , Dieta/veterinária , Ração Animal/análiseRESUMO
The aim of this study was to evaluate the use of whole-body plethysmography as a non-invasive method to determine the respiratory parameters and profiles in two tortoise species belonging to the genus Testudo. Pulmonary functions and volumetric parameters were determined in 10 adults of Testudo hermanni and in seven Testudo marginata animals, using whole-body plethysmography. A profile pattern was regularly observed: an inspiratory flow peak, an expiratory peak, an apnoea phase and a second expiratory peak, previous to the beginning of the next respiratory cycle. Positive and significant correlation was observed between the inspiratory time, weight and length of the tortoises. Larger tortoises showed a higher time of inhalation. The peak of inspiratory flow was correlated with the sex, being longer in the females. T. marginata had an inspiratory time longer than that of T. hermanii. In T. hermanii, differences related to the sex were observed in the tidal volume, peak inspiratory flow, peak expiratory flow, expiratory flow of 50 per cent and enhanced pause, which could be related to the smaller size of males. The results suggest that additional information on new technologies currently used in pet medicine or even in human medicine should be developed and adjusted as alternative ways to support the rehabilitation of turtles and tortoises.
Assuntos
Pletismografia Total/veterinária , Testes de Função Respiratória/veterinária , Mecânica Respiratória/fisiologia , Tartarugas , Animais , Peso Corporal/fisiologia , Feminino , Masculino , Pico do Fluxo Expiratório/fisiologia , Pletismografia Total/métodos , Valores de Referência , Testes de Função Respiratória/métodos , Fatores Sexuais , Especificidade da Espécie , Volume de Ventilação Pulmonar/fisiologia , Fatores de Tempo , Tartarugas/fisiologiaRESUMO
BACKGROUND: One of the current complications in inguinal repair is shrinkage following the use of mesh. The selected mesh material, heavyweight (HWM) mesh or lightweight (LWM) mesh, is associated with the frequency of shrinkage. The aim of this study was to investigate shrinkage of these two types of mesh in a controlled trial of male inguinal hernia repair. METHODS: Thirty-two healthy men with primary unilateral inguinal hernias (Nyhus classification), who presented at São José Hospital of Criciúma, Brazil, underwent the Lichtenstein procedure. In total, 16 polypropylene HWM (105 g/m(2)) and 16 partially absorbable LWM (28 g/m(2)) were implanted into randomly selected patients. On post-operative days 1, 30, 60 and 90, the area of the mesh was evaluated by digital radiography. RESULTS: The study randomized 32 patients and analyzed 30 patients--15 for each type of mesh. At baseline, there were no differences between groups. There were significant differences between the two meshes when comparing the total area initially and on postoperative day 90 (P = 0.001). The HWM had significantly less area initial area, as compared with 90 days postoperatively (P = 0.04). CONCLUSION: Shrinkage was significantly higher for HWM, although the difference was not large.
Assuntos
Hérnia Inguinal/cirurgia , Herniorrafia , Polipropilenos , Telas Cirúrgicas , Adulto , Humanos , Masculino , Teste de Materiais , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Intensificação de Imagem Radiográfica , Adulto JovemRESUMO
El objetivo del estudio es describir dos pacientes con patologías poco frecuentes, de elevada mortalidad que se presentaron con diez días de diferencia.
Assuntos
Dermatopatias Bacterianas , Fasciite NecrosanteRESUMO
We report a case of spondylodiscitis caused by multiresistant Serratia marcescens in a cirrhotic patient who had several Serratia bacteremias after the placement of a transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS) device. We concluded that an endovascular stent that can not be removed makes management of recurrent bacteremia difficult. Furthermore, back pain due to bacteremia is indicative of spondylodiscitis. Serratia marcescens can be an aggressive pathogen, causing spinal infection.
Assuntos
Bacteriemia/microbiologia , Discite/microbiologia , Derivação Portossistêmica Transjugular Intra-Hepática/efeitos adversos , Infecções por Serratia/diagnóstico , Serratia marcescens/isolamento & purificação , Antibacterianos/uso terapêutico , Bacteriemia/diagnóstico , Bacteriemia/tratamento farmacológico , Discite/diagnóstico , Discite/tratamento farmacológico , Humanos , Imipenem/uso terapêutico , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Infecções por Serratia/tratamento farmacológicoRESUMO
We report a case of spondylodiscitis caused by multiresistant Serratia marcescens in a cirrhotic patient who had several Serratia bacteremias after the placement of a transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS) device. We concluded that an endovascular stent that can not be removed makes management of recurrent bacteremia difficult. Furthermore, back pain due to bacteremia is indicative of spondylodiscitis. Serratia marcescens can be an aggressive pathogen, causing spinal infection.
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Bacteriemia/microbiologia , Discite/microbiologia , Derivação Portossistêmica Transjugular Intra-Hepática/efeitos adversos , Infecções por Serratia/diagnóstico , Serratia marcescens/isolamento & purificação , Antibacterianos/uso terapêutico , Bacteriemia/diagnóstico , Bacteriemia/tratamento farmacológico , Discite/diagnóstico , Discite/tratamento farmacológico , Imipenem/uso terapêutico , Infecções por Serratia/tratamento farmacológicoRESUMO
Se presenta una breve descripción del uso de la electromiografía de superficie en estudios kinesiológicos: Se destacan las variables más importantes en cuanto a los procesamientos en los distintos tipos de concentracciones y ejemplifica la aplicación de la EMGs en la determinación del índice de fatiga muscular local
Assuntos
Humanos , Eletromiografia , Fadiga Muscular , Contração Muscular/fisiologia , Processamento de Sinais Assistido por ComputadorRESUMO
Introducción: una baja resistencia a la fatiga muscular local de los músculos erectores espinales se ha relacionado con el desarrollo de dolor lumbar. La evaluación de esta característica mediante electromiografía de superficie, minimiza la influencia de componentes motivacionales y otorga datos más objetivos respecto de la resistencia muscular. Método: en este estudio se comparó el índice EMG de fatiga muscular local de los músculos multifidus e ilicostalis lumborum y el tiempo de resistencia, entre un grupo de sujetos sanos sedentarios (n=10) y un grupo de deportistas (n=10), durante la prueba de Biering-Sorensen. Resultados: no se encontró diferencia significativa entre los índices de fatiga muscular del múltifidus (P=0,5) y del ilicostalis lumborum (P=0,6), tampoco hubo diferencia en el tiempo de resistencia entre los grupos de sujetos. En ambos grupos se encontró una diferencia significativa entre el índice de fatiga del multifidus, en comparación a los del ilicostalis lumborum (P<0,05). Describiendo así un menor grado de fatiga este último. Conclusión: esta diferencia en el grado de fatiga puede ser atribuida a una diferencia funcional entre ambos múculos, explicada por la biomecánica de la columna lumbar
Assuntos
Humanos , Dor Lombar/fisiopatologia , Fadiga Muscular , Músculos/fisiologia , Região Lombossacral/fisiologiaRESUMO
Because of the importance of food safety for public health, a study was done to determine the microbiologic quality of foods provided to patrons of community dining halls in greater Buenos Aires, Argentina. The study was descriptive and was conducted in three municipalities with intermediate or high poverty indices; a sample of 52 dining halls was selected randomly from those municipalities. Information was collected from April 1994 through April 1995 by means of surveys, direct observations, and microbiologic analyses of the water and food served. Water and food analysis followed the recommendations of the Argentine Food Code and the International Commission on Microbiologic Specifications for Foods, respectively. The results were interpreted according to the values for cooked foods agreed upon by the Working Group on Food Monitoring. The microbiologic analysis revealed that 28 (54%) of the dining halls had food or water of inadequate quality and 11 (21%) had inadequacies in both. Bacillus cereus was the most commonly found pathogenic bacterium in the food samples analyzed. The factors that were significantly associated with unsatisfactory microbiologic conditions in the food and water were lack of disinfection of the water (P = 0.009), lack of hygiene in the environment (P = 0.03), the presence of rodents and insects (P = 0.05), the supply system for raw materials (P = 0.01), and a relatively small number of users, i.e., fewer than 100 (P = 0.0008). It was concluded that water disinfection and general clean-up of the dining halls were measures that could be put in place by providing education in the areas of hygiene and food handling to supervisors and employees. The results obtained also indicate the need to include a food safety evaluation among the general evaluation criteria for food assistance programs.
Assuntos
Microbiologia de Alimentos , Restaurantes/normas , Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Argentina , Criança , Humanos , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Saúde da População UrbanaRESUMO
The success of efforts to prevent continued transmission of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and to increase compliance with HIV prophylactic interventions among homosexual and bisexual men will depend in part on health care professionals' understanding of and ability to establish linkages with these men. In order to recruit men into a research project and an educational program, staff at the Pitt Men's Study, an epidemiological investigation of HIV infection, developed a process described here as "brokering," which was based on community organizing and marketing principles. Brokering is a dynamic process by which researchers and public health professionals exchange goods and services with formal and informal leaders of the gay community in order to establish strong, long-term linkages. To date, this process yielded 2,989 homosexual and bisexual recruits into the study, which began in 1983. After 8 years, 79% of those still alive continue to return for follow-up. While recruitment techniques will need to vary from city to city, the importance of establishing linkages with the local indigenous leadership remains of major importance.
Assuntos
Bissexualidade , Participação da Comunidade , Métodos Epidemiológicos , Infecções por HIV/prevenção & controle , Educação em Saúde/organização & administração , Homossexualidade , Negociação , Saúde Pública/educação , Infecções por HIV/epidemiologia , Infecções por HIV/transmissão , Humanos , Relações Interinstitucionais , Estudos Longitudinais , Masculino , Marketing de Serviços de Saúde/organização & administração , Motivação , Cooperação do Paciente , Relações Profissional-Paciente , PesquisaRESUMO
Data were collected from 1614 homosexual and bisexual men in 1984 through 1985 and from 1988 to 1992 in Pittsburgh. Of the men entering the study since 1988, 16% reported engaging in unprotected anal receptive intercourse with more than one partner during the 6 months before their visit. Approximately 7% of the younger men and 18% of the men over 22 years of age in the recent cohort were already infected with the human immunodeficiency virus, the same rates as those described 8 years ago. Aggressive risk-reduction programs are needed in high schools and existing networks in the gay community.
Assuntos
Bissexualidade/psicologia , Infecções por HIV/epidemiologia , HIV-1 , Homossexualidade/psicologia , Comportamento Sexual , Adolescente , Adulto , Fatores Etários , Consumo de Bebidas Alcoólicas/epidemiologia , Bissexualidade/estatística & dados numéricos , Comorbidade , Preservativos/estatística & dados numéricos , Emprego/estatística & dados numéricos , Seguimentos , Infecções por HIV/prevenção & controle , Homossexualidade/estatística & dados numéricos , Humanos , Masculino , Pennsylvania/epidemiologia , Grupos Raciais , Infecções Sexualmente Transmissíveis/complicações , Infecções Sexualmente Transmissíveis/epidemiologia , Inquéritos e Questionários , População UrbanaRESUMO
As a result of the AIDS (Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome) epidemic, many community health agencies are faced with the task of planning and implementing programs to prevent or reduce the risks of HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus) infection. Furthermore, the urgency of AIDS will force community groups to develop prevention programs prior to an analysis of substantial data relating to intervention efficacy. By using the five criteria for the development of health promotion and education programs enumerated by the American Public Health Association, planners can benefit from the experience of past health promotion initiatives, and insure a comprehensive approach to planning. The authors describe, using specific examples, how these criteria were used to develop and implement an AIDS risk reduction program for gay and bisexual men.
Assuntos
Síndrome da Imunodeficiência Adquirida/prevenção & controle , Educação em Saúde , Promoção da Saúde/métodos , Homossexualidade , Síndrome da Imunodeficiência Adquirida/etiologia , Objetivos , Humanos , Masculino , Fatores de RiscoRESUMO
Os autores relatam um caso de mixoma de ventriculo direito acompanhado por discretas lesoes mixomatosas em atrio esquerdo.As manifestacoes clinicas encontradas foram semelhantes as dos demais casos de mixoma de ventriculo direito publicados na literatura, sendo as mais importantes:quadro clinico semelhante ao da estenose pulmonar; presenca de ecos multiplos em ventriculo direito; existencia de gradiente pressorico entre ventriculo direito e arteria pulmonar; presenca de defeitos de enchimento no infundibulo ventricular direito, evertendo para a arteria pulmonar a angiocardiografia. Foi realizada cirurgia cardiaca com pleno sucesso, tendo-se encontrado um volumoso mixoma de ventriculo direito e discretas lesoes mixomatosas em atrio esquerdo. O diagnostico de mixoma foi confirmado por exame anatomopatologico