RESUMO
Understanding how biodiversity varies from place to place is a fundamental goal of ecology and an important tool for halting biodiversity loss. Parasitic wasps (Hymenoptera) are a diverse and functionally important animal group, but spatial variation in their diversity is poorly understood. We survey a community of parasitic wasps (Ichneumonidae: Pimplinae) using Malaise traps up a mountain in the Brazilian Atlantic Rainforest, and relate the catch to biotic and abiotic habitat characteristics. We find high species richness compared with previous similar studies, with abundance, richness, and diversity peaking at low to intermediate elevation. There is a marked change in community composition with elevation. Habitat factors strongly correlated with elevation also strongly predict changes in the pimpline community, including temperature as well as the density of bamboo, lianas, epiphytes, small trees, and herbs. These results identify several possible surrogates of pimpline communities in tropical forests, which could be used as a tool in conservation. They also contribute to the growing evidence for a typical latitudinal gradient in ichneumonid species richness, and suggest that low to medium elevations in tropical regions will sometimes conserve the greatest number of species locally, but to conserve maximal biodiversity, a wider range of elevations should also be targeted.
RESUMO
Wild birds have emerged as novel reservoirs and potential spreaders of antibiotic-resistant priority pathogens, being proposed as sentinels of anthropogenic activities related to the use of antimicrobial compounds. The aim of this study was to investigate the occurrence and genomic features of extended-spectrum ß-lactamase (ESBL)-producing bacteria in wild birds in South America. In this regard, we have identified two ESBL (CTX-M-55 and CTX-M-65)-positive Escherichia coli (UNB7 and GP188 strains) colonizing Creamy-bellied Thrush (Turdus amaurochalinus) and Variable Hawk (Geranoaetus polyosoma) inhabiting synanthropic and wildlife environments from Brazil and Chile, respectively. Whole-genome sequence (WGS) analysis revealed that E. coli UNB7 and GP188 belonged to the globally disseminated clone ST602, carrying a wide resistome against antibiotics (ß-lactams), heavy metals (arsenic, copper, mercury), disinfectants (quaternary ammonium compounds), and pesticides (glyphosate). Additionally, E. coli UNB7 and GP188 strains harbored virulence genes encoding hemolysin E, type II and III secretion systems, increased serum survival, adhesins and siderophores. SNP-based phylogenomic analysis, using an international genome database, revealed genomic relatedness (19-363 SNP differences) of GP188 with livestock and poultry strains, and genomic relatedness (61-318 differences) of UNB7 with environmental, human and livestock strains (Table S1), whereas phylogeographical analysis confirmed successful expansion of ST602 as a global clone of One Health concern. In summary, our results support that ESBL-producing E. coli ST602 harboring a wide resistome and virulome have begun colonizing wild birds in South America, highlighting a potential new reservoir of critical priority pathogens.
RESUMO
By enabling multiple non-orthogonal transmissions, power domain non-orthogonal multiple access (PD-NOMA) potentially increases a system's spectral efficiency. This technique can become an alternative for future generations of wireless communication networks. The efficiency of this method fundamentally depends on two previous processing steps: an appropriate grouping of users (transmission candidates) as a function of the channel gains and the choice of power levels that will be used to transmit each signal. Thus far, the solutions presented in the literature to address the problems of user clustering and power allocation do not consider the dynamics of communication systems, i.e., the temporal variation in the number of users and the channel conditions. In order to consider these dynamic characteristics in the clustering of users in NOMA systems, this work proposes a new clustering technique based on a modification of the DenStream evolutionary algorithm, chosen for its evolutionary capacity, noise robustness and online processing. We evaluated the performance of the proposed clustering technique considering, for simplicity, the use of an already widely known power allocation strategy called improved fractional strategy power allocation (IFSPA). The results show that the proposed clustering technique can follow the system dynamics, clustering all users and favoring the uniformity of the transmission rate between the clusters. Compared to orthogonal multiple access (OMA) systems, the proposed model's gain was approximately 10%, obtained on a challenging communication scenario for NOMA systems since the channel model adopted does not favor a large difference in the channel gains between users.
Assuntos
Noma , Humanos , Algoritmos , Evolução Biológica , Análise por Conglomerados , RegistrosRESUMO
Differences in the features of aggressiveness of non-melanoma skin cancer (NMSC) subtypes, between basal cell carcinoma (BCC) and squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) are relevant characteristics. Comparing the characteristics between NMSC subtypes might help identify molecules associated with cancer metastasis and invasion. Considering these facts, the current study aimed to identify a molecular target for inhibiting skin cancer metastasis and invasion. Proteomic analysis suggested that heat shock protein 90 kDa, alpha, class B member 1 (HSP90AB1), pentaxin (PTX3), caspase-14 (CASP14), S100, actin-1, and profilin were the primary targets related to metastasis and invasion. However, after a differential expression comparison between BCC and SCC, HSP90AB1 was identified as the best target to repress metastasis and invasion. Based on molecular docking results, gallic acid (GA) was selected to inhibit HSP90AB1. A specific Hsp90ab1 siRNA targeting was designed and compared to GA. Interestingly, GA was more efficient in silencing HSP90AB1 than siRNAhsp90ab1. Hence, our data suggest that HSP90AB1 is a crucial biomarker for identifying invasion and metastasis and that its inhibition may be a viable strategy for treating skin cancer.
Assuntos
Carcinoma Basocelular , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas , Neoplasias Cutâneas , Humanos , Proteínas de Choque Térmico , Ácido Gálico/farmacologia , Proteômica , Simulação de Acoplamento Molecular , Carcinoma Basocelular/metabolismo , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/patologia , Neoplasias Cutâneas/tratamento farmacológico , Neoplasias Cutâneas/genética , Neoplasias Cutâneas/metabolismo , Proteínas de Choque Térmico HSP90/genéticaRESUMO
Background: We compiled a database of firefly species records from the Atlantic Forest hotspot in Brazil and made it available at GBIF. Data were gathered from literature and from several key entomological collections, including: Coleção entomológica Prof. José Alfredo Pinheiro Dutra (DZRJ/UFRJ) and Coleção do Laboratório de Ecologia de Insetos from Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (CLEI/UFRJ); Coleção Entomológica do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz (CEIOC); Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de São Paulo (MZSP); Coleção Entomológica Pe. Jesus Santiago Moure from Universidade Federal do Paraná (DZUP/UFPR); and Coleção Entomológica from Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco (UFRPE). This database represents the largest contribution to a public repository of recorded occurrences from Neotropical fireflies. New information: This dataset shows the occurrence and abundance of firefly species in the Atlantic Forest hotspot. Firefly species endemic to this biome are also present and considered in the study. These data can assist scientific and societal needs, by supporting future research projects and conservation decision-making.
RESUMO
ABSTRACT Objective: The spinous process separation technique is a less invasive surgical technique for treating lumbar canal stenosis. The objective is to evaluate this technique's results in treating lumbar canal stenosis. Method: Thirty patients with lumbar spinal canal stenosis underwent surgical treatment using the spinous process separation technique and were evaluated in the 3-year postoperative period using the Denis Pain and Work Scale and by the SF-36 questionnaire and radiographic evaluation of the operated segment. Results: In the evaluation of the Denis pain scale, 21 (70%) patients had no pain (P1), and nine (30%) patients reported minimal low back pain, not needing medication (P2). Denis' work schedule showed that nine (30%) patients had restrictions on returning to their previous work activity (W2), and 21 (70%) patients were classified as W1. The SF-36 questionnaire showed results of 81.25 for physical aspects (PA), 81.9 for functional capacity (FC), 81.3 for emotional aspects (EA), 64.3 for vitality (V), 65.9 for mental health (MH), 81.98 for social aspects (SA), 75.6 for pain (P) and 68.1 for general health status (GHS). In addition, there were no radiographic signs of instability of the operated vertebral segment in the radiographic evaluation. Conclusion: The decompression of the lumbar spinal canal using the spinous process separation technique showed good results in the evaluated patients three years after the operation. Level of Evidence II, Retrospective Comparative Study.
Resumo: Objetivo: A técnica de separação do processo espinhoso é uma técnica cirúrgica menos invasiva para o tratamento da estenose do canal lombar. O objetivo é avaliar os resultados dessa técnica no tratamento da estenose do canal lombar. Método: Trinta pacientes portadores de estenose do canal vertebral lombar foram submetidos ao tratamento cirúrgico por meio da técnica da separação do processo espinhoso, tendo sido avaliados no período de três anos de pós-operatório, por meio da escala de dor e de trabalho de Denis, pelo questionário SF-36 e avaliação radiográfica do segmento operado. Resultados: Na avaliação da escala de dor de Denis, 21 (70%) pacientes não apresentavam dor (P1) e nove (30%) pacientes relataram dor mínima lombar, não necessitando medicação (P2). A escala de trabalho de Denis evidenciou que nove (30%) pacientes apresentavam restrições ao retorno à atividade prévia de trabalho (W2) e 21 (70%) pacientes foram classificados como W1. O questionário SF-36 apresentou resultados 81,25 para aspectos físicos (AF), 81,9 para capacidade funcional (CF), 81,3 para aspectos emocionais (AE), 64,3 para vitalidade(V), 65,9 para saúde mental (SM), 81,98 para aspectos sociais (AS), 75,6 para dor (D) e 68,1 para estado geral de saúde (EGS). Não foram observados sinais radiográficos de instabilidade do segmento vertebral operado na avaliação radiográfica. Conclusão: A descompressão do canal vertebral lombar por meio da técnica de separação do processo espinhoso apresentou bons resultados na avaliação num período de três anos de pós-operatório dos pacientes avaliados. Nível de Evidência II, Estudo Retrospectivo Comparativo.
Resumen: Objetivo: La técnica de separación de la apófisis espinosa es una técnica quirúrgica menos invasiva para el tratamiento de la estenosis del canal lumbar. El objetivo es evaluar los resultados de esta técnica en el tratamiento de la estenosis del canal lumbar. Método: Treinta pacientes con estenosis del conducto raquídeo lumbar fueron intervenidos quirúrgicamente mediante la técnica de separación de la apófisis espinosa, y fueron evaluados en el postoperatorio de tres años mediante la Escala de Dolor y Trabajo de Denis, mediante el cuestionario SF-36 y evaluación radiográfica del segmento operado. Resultados: En la evaluación de la escala de dolor de Denis, 21 (70%) pacientes no presentaron dolor (P1) y nueve (30%) pacientes refirieron dolor lumbar mínimo, sin necesidad de medicación (P2). La escala de trabajo de Denis mostró que nueve (30%) pacientes tenían restricciones para regresar a su actividad laboral anterior (W2) y 21 (70%) pacientes fueron clasificados como W1. El cuestionario SF-36 arrojó resultados 81,25 para aspectos físicos (AF), 81,9 para capacidad funcional (CF), 81,3 para aspectos emocionales (AE), 64,3 para vitalidad (V), 65,9 para salud mental (SM), 81,98 para aspectos sociales (AS), 75,6 para dolor (D) y 68,1 para estado general de salud (EGS). No hubo signos radiográficos de inestabilidad del segmento vertebral intervenido en la evaluación radiográfica. Conclusión: La descompresión del canal espinal lumbar mediante la técnica de separación de apófisis espinosa mostró buenos resultados en la evaluación de un período de 3 años después de la operación de los pacientes evaluados.
Assuntos
Humanos , Estenose Espinal , Manipulação da Coluna , Coluna Vertebral , Dor LombarRESUMO
South America is likely the cradle of several New World firefly lineages but remains largely understudied. Despite several advances in firefly systematics in the Neotropical region, the Andean region has been largely unstudied for over a century. The Colombian Páramos are a critically threatened biodiversity hotspot that houses several endemic species, including the firefly genus Pseudolychnuris, with two species-P. vittata and P. suturalis. Here, by analyzing the phylogenetic relationships of Pseudolychnuris, we found that this genus is polyphyletic. Pseudolychnuris vittata and P. suturalis were found to be distantly related despite the striking similarity in outline and color pattern of males and females. We redescribe Pseudolychnuris and its type species P. vittata. Moreover, we revalidate Alychnus Kirsch, 1865 stat. rev. to accommodate A. suturaliscomb. nov., also redescribed here. We provide updated distribution maps and report field observations for both monotypic genera. Since adults visit flowers and interact with pollen and nectar, Pseudolychnuris and Alychnus may be occasional pollinators of Andean-endemic plants, a phenomenon previously neglected. Our findings reveal an interesting case of convergence between Pseudolychnuris and Alychnus-probably associated with life in the Páramos-and shed light on character evolution in the Photinini lineage of fireflies.
RESUMO
Petalacmis Olivier, 1908 is a poorly known genus of firefly endemic to South America and is currently the only member of the subfamily Lampyrinae, tribe Lampyrini known to occur on the continent. Here, we describe a new species, Petalacmistriplehorni sp. nov. from Bolivia and compare it to the two other described species in the genus. A key to Petalacmis species based on male traits, as well as illustrations of morphological features, are given in detail for the first time. We present unique, previously neglected traits of Petalacmis species and compare them to other Lampyrinae.
RESUMO
Amydetinae is an exclusively Neotropical subfamily of fireflies, distributed among three genera: Amydetes Illiger, 1807, Magnoculus McDermott, 1964, and Memoan Silveira & Mermudes, 2013. Here, we describe three new species of Amydetinae: two belonging to Amydetes (A.alexi sp. nov. and A.marolae sp. nov.) and one to the previously monotypic Memoan (Me.conani sp. nov.). All three species are known only from the Atlantic Forest in southeastern Brazil. Endoskeletal structures of Memoan and Magnoculus species are described and compared with those of Amydetes for the first time. After studying the type material, Photinusfruhstorferi Pic, 1942 is transferred to Memoan, generating Memoanfruhstorferi comb. nov., and Me.ciceroi Silveira & Mermudes, 2013 syn. nov. is placed as a junior synonym. We also redescribe Magnoculusobscurus Olivier, 1885 and compare it to other species of genus and to other amydetine taxa to identify potential new diagnostic traits for the Amydetinae and its constituting genera. We provide an updated diagnosis for Memoan, illustrations for all four species, and a distribution map for the three new species, as well as a key to adult males of the three amydetine genera, and an updated key to Amydetes species based on males.
RESUMO
ABSTRACT Objective: To evaluate degenerative lumbar stenosis in symptomatic patients submitted to surgeryand the correlation between probable determining factors. Methods: A retrospective descriptive study in which themagnetic resonance images of 73 patients with degenerative stenosis,who underwent surgeries involving 141 levels performed by a single surgeon at the Hospital Ortopédico de Passo Fundo from 2015 to 2018, were evaluated. The patients were stratified by the degree of facet tropism, facet arthrosis, disc degeneration, and operated side, as well as by epidemiological data such as age, sex, etc. Tropism was measured using the Karacan method and evaluated numerically and categorically. Disc degeneration was classified by Pfirrmann and facet arthrosis by Weishaupt. To analyze and obtain the results, the Chi-square test and ANOVA were used with the SPSS statistical program, version 18.0. Results: Statistical significance was found in the relationship between facet tropism and disc degeneration (p=0.026) at the L4-L5 level. No correlation was found between tropism and facet arthrosis (p=0.161) or tropism and the operated side (p=0.573). Conclusion: The degree of tropism directly influences disc degeneration and greater asymmetries are related to more severe degenerations. Although tropism has not shown a statistically significant correlation with the operated side (p=0.573), it is believed that further studies should be carried out on this correlation. Level of evidence II; Retrospective study.
RESUMO Objetivo: Avaliar a estenose lombar degenerativa em pacientes sintomáticos submetidos à cirurgia, analisando a correlação entre fatores determinantes prováveis. Métodos: Estudo retrospectivo descritivo, no qual foram avaliados exames de ressonância nuclear magnética de 73 pacientes, totalizando 141 níveis com estenose degenerativa submetidos a tratamento cirúrgico por um único cirurgião do Hospital Ortopédico de Passo Fundo, de 2015 até 2018. Os pacientes foram estratificados de acordo com grau do tropismo facetário, artrose facetária, degeneração discal e lado operado, assim como com dados epidemiológicos como idade, sexo, etc. O tropismo foi aferido pelo método de Karacan e avaliado de forma numérica e categórica. A degeneração discal foi classificada por Pfirrmann e a artrose facetária por Weishaupt. Para análise e obtenção dos resultados foi utilizado o teste do qui-quadrado e ANOVA com oprograma estatístico SPSS versão 18.0. Resultados: Verificou-se significância estatística na relação entre tropismo facetário e degeneração discal (p=0,026) no nível L4-L5. Não foi encontrada correlação entre tropismo e artrose facetária (p=0,161) ou tropismo e lado operado(p=0,573). Conclusões: O grau de tropismo influencia diretamente a degeneração discal, sendo que as assimetrias maiores estão relacionadas a degenerações mais graves. Embora o tropismo não tenha demonstrado correlação estatística significativa com o lado operado (p=0,573), acredita-se que deverão ser realizados novos estudos sobre essa correlação. Nível de evidência II; Estudo retrospectivo.
RESUMEN Objetivo: Evaluar la estenosis lumbar degenerativa en pacientes sintomáticos sometidos a cirugía, analizando la correlación entre probables factores determinantes.. Métodos: Estudio retrospectivo descriptivo, en el que se evaluaronlos exámenes de resonancia magnética nuclear de 73 pacientes, totalizando 141 niveles con estenosis degenerativa sometidos a tratamiento quirúrgico por un único cirujano en el Hospital Ortopédico de Passo Fundo, de 2015 a 2018. Los pacientes fueron estratificados según elgrado de tropismo facetario, artrosis facetaria, degeneración discal y lado operado, así como con datos epidemiológicos como edad, sexo, etc. El tropismo se midió utilizando el método de Karacan y se evaluó numérica y categóricamente. La degeneración discal fue clasificada por Pfirrmann y la artrosis facetaria por Weishaupt. Para analizar y obtener los resultados se utilizó la prueba de chi-cuadrado y ANOVA a través del programa estadístico SPSS versión 18.0. Resultados: Se encontró significación estadística en la relación entre el tropismo facetario y la degeneración discal (p=0,026) en el nivel L4-L5. No se encontró correlación entre el tropismo y la artrosis facetaria (p=0,161) ni el tropismo y el lado operado (p=0,573). Conclusión: El grado de tropismo influye directamente en la degeneración discal, y las mayores asimetrías se relacionan con degeneraciones más severas. Aunque el tropismo no ha mostrado una correlación estadísticamente significativa con el lado operado (p=0,573), se cree que deberían realizarse más estudios sobre esta correlación. Nivel de evidencia II; Estudio retrospectivo.
Assuntos
Humanos , Estenose Espinal , Coluna VertebralRESUMO
ABSTRACT Objective: To analyze the anatomic influence of the ribs related to the severity of thoracic spine burst fractures. Methods: A retrospective review of 28 patients with thoracic spine burst fractures hospitalized by the Spine Group of the Hospital Ortopédico de Passo Fundo between January 2002 and December 2016 was conducted. The kyphosis, vertebral collapse, and narrowing of the vertebral canal measurements were compared between patients who had fractures at the true and false rib levels (T1 to T10) and those with fractures at the floating rib levels (T11 to T12). Results: The kyphosis, vertebral collapse, and narrowing of the vertebral canal values, measured only for vertebrae pertaining to the rib cage, were low. In addition, there were no statistically significant differences between the measurements of the group of patients with fractures at the level of the true and false ribs (T1 to T10) and the group of patients whose fractures were at the level of the floating ribs (T11 and T12). Conclusion: The differences between the traumatic structural changes in the vertebrae with true and false ribs (T1 to T10) and the vertebrae with floating ribs (T11 and T12) were not significant in the present study. Level of Evidence II; Retrospective study.
RESUMO Objetivo: Analisar a influência anatômica das costelas sobre a gravidade das fraturas da coluna torácica tipo explosão. Métodos: Foi realizada uma revisão retrospectiva de 28 pacientes com fratura tipo explosão na coluna torácica, internados no período compreendido entre janeiro de 2002 a dezembro de 2016 pelo Grupo de Coluna do Hospital Ortopédico de Passo Fundo . As mensurações de cifose, colapso vertebral e estreitamento do canal vertebral foram comparadas entre os pacientes que apresentavam fraturas no nível das costelas verdadeiras ou falsas (T1 a T10) e aqueles com fraturas no nível das costelas flutuantes (T11 a T12). Resultados: Os valores da cifose, colapso vertebral e estreitamento do canal vertebral, mensurados apenas nas vértebras pertencentes à caixa torácica, mostraram-se baixos. Além disso, as mensurações não apresentaram diferenças estatísticas significativas quando foram comparados os grupos de pacientes que apresentavam fraturas no nível das costelas verdadeiras ou falsas (T1 a T10) com aqueles cujas fraturas eram no nível das costelas flutuantes (T11 e T12). Conclusões: As diferenças entre as alterações estruturais traumáticas nas vértebras com costelas verdadeiras e falsas (T1 a T10) e as vértebras com costelas flutuantes (T11 e T12) não foram significativas no presente estudo. Nível de Evidência II; Estudo retrospectivo.
RESUMEN Objetivo: Analizar la influencia anatómica de las costillas con respecto a la gravedad de las fracturas de la columna torácica por estallido. Métodos: Se realizó una revisión retrospectiva de 28 pacientes con fractura de columna torácica por estallido, ingresados en el período comprendido entre enero de 2002 y diciembre de 2016 por el Grupo de Columna del Hospital Ortopédico de Passo Fundo. Se compararon las medidas de cifosis, colapso vertebral y estrechamiento del conducto vertebral entre los pacientes que presentaban fracturas a nivel de las costillas verdaderas o falsas (T1 a T10) y aquellos con fracturas a nivel de las costillas flotantes (T11 a T12). Resultados: Los valores de cifosis, colapso vertebral y estrechamiento del conducto vertebral, medidos solamente en las vértebras pertenecientes a la caja torácica, se mostraron bajos. Además, las mediciones no presentaron diferencias estadísticamente significativas al comparar los grupos de pacientes que presentaban fracturas a nivel de las costillas verdaderas o falsas (T1 a T10) con aquellos cuyas fracturas estaban a nivel de las costillas flotantes (T11 a T12). Conclusiones: Las diferencias entre los cambios estructurales traumáticos en las vértebras con costillas verdaderas y falsas (T1 a T10) y las vértebras con costillas flotantes (T11 y T12) no fueron significativas en el presente estudio. Nivel de Evidencia II; Estudio retrospectivo.
Assuntos
Humanos , Fraturas da Coluna VertebralRESUMO
Primate colour vision depends on a matrix of photoreceptors, a neuronal post receptoral structure and a combination of genes that culminate in different sensitivity through the visual spectrum. Along with a common cone opsin gene for short wavelengths (sws1), Neotropical primates (Platyrrhini) have only one cone opsin gene for medium-long wavelengths (mws/lws) per X chromosome while Paleotropical primates (Catarrhini), including humans, have two active genes. Therefore, while female platyrrhines may be trichromats, males are always dichromats. The genus Alouatta is inferred to be an exception to this rule, as electrophysiological, behavioural and molecular analyses indicated a potential for male trichromacy in this genus. However, it is very important to ascertain by a combination of genetic and behavioural analyses whether this potential translates in terms of colour discrimination capability. We evaluated two howler monkeys (Alouatta spp.), one male A. caraya and one female A. seniculus, using a combination of genetic analysis of the opsin gene sequences and a behavioral colour discrimination test not previously used in this genus. Both individuals completed the behavioural test with performances typical of trichromatic colour vision and the genetic analysis of the sws1, mws, and lws opsin genes revealed three different opsin sequences in both subjects. These results are consistent with uniform trichromacy in both male and female, with presumed spectral sensitivity peaks similar to Catarrhini, at ~ 430 nm, 532 nm, and 563 nm for S-, M- and L-cones, respectively.
RESUMO
Every year healthcare organizations suffer from several issues, such as unapropriated workflow, thousands of deaths caused by medical errors, counterfeit drugs, and increasing costs. To offer better patient care and increase profit, hospitals could adopt solutions that help remedy these problems. Real-Time Location Systems have the potential to deal with many of these issues, as well as offering means for developing new and intelligent solutions. This kind of system enables tracking assets and people, allowing several improvements. Even though the benefits of such solutions are well known and desired by healthcare providers, their large scale adoption is still distant. In this article, we surveyed Real-Time Location Systems usage in hospitals. While developing this survey, we observed a need for organizing important aspects of healthcare-oriented Real-Time Location Systems. Therefore, we analyzed challenges regarding this topic and a taxonomy proposed. This survey offers researchers and developers ways to comprehend the challenges surrounding this area while proposing a classification of aspects that a Real-Time Location System for healthcare environments must assess for it to be successful.
Assuntos
Sistemas Computacionais , Atenção à Saúde , Hospitais , HumanosRESUMO
The present study aimed to evaluate the effects of resveratrol, a nutraceutical polyphenol, and Lactococcus lactis (bacteria probiotic), on metabolic parameters and hepatic proinflammatory markers expression. C57BL/6 mice were divided into 4 groups: Standard (ST), Lactococcus lactis (LL), Resveratrol (RSV), and Lactococcus lactis plus resveratrol (LL + RSV). Lactococcus lactis and resveratrol were administered by orogastric gavage. Blood parameters were assessed (total cholesterol, triglycerides, ALT and AST). IL-6 mRNA expression was evaluated by Real-time PCR and TNF-α protein expression was assessed by immunohistochemistry. The main findings showed that resveratrol and Lactococcus lactis association decreased body weight, aspartate aminotransferase and total cholesterol levels. LL and LL + RSV decreased triglycerides levels and IL-6 and TNF-α expression. These results open a perspective of using resveratrol and Lactococcus lactis to improve metabolic parameters and Lactococcus lactis in preventing inflammation and the hepatic diseases development.
Assuntos
Regulação da Expressão Gênica/efeitos dos fármacos , Lactococcus lactis/metabolismo , Fígado/efeitos dos fármacos , Probióticos/farmacologia , Resveratrol/farmacologia , Administração Oral , Alanina Transaminase/sangue , Animais , Aspartato Aminotransferases/sangue , Peso Corporal/efeitos dos fármacos , Peso Corporal/fisiologia , Colesterol/sangue , Biologia Computacional , Feminino , Regulação da Expressão Gênica/genética , Ontologia Genética , Imuno-Histoquímica , Inflamação/tratamento farmacológico , Inflamação/metabolismo , Inflamação/microbiologia , Interleucina-6/genética , Interleucina-6/metabolismo , Fígado/metabolismo , Fígado/patologia , Camundongos , Camundongos Endogâmicos C57BL , Resveratrol/administração & dosagem , Triglicerídeos/sangue , Fator de Necrose Tumoral alfa/genética , Fator de Necrose Tumoral alfa/metabolismoRESUMO
PURPOSE: To investigate the magnitude and time course of pseudorandom ffERG during light adaptation. METHODS: Ten healthy subjects (26 ± 10.1 years) underwent 20 min of dark adaptation, and then the ffERG was evoked by pseudorandom flash sequences (4 ms per flash, 3 cd.s/m2) driven by m-sequences (210-1 stimulus steps) using Veris Science software and a Ganzfeld dome over a constant field of light adaptation (30 cd/m2). The base period of the m-sequence was 50 ms. Each stimulation sequence lasting 40 s was repeated at 0, 5, 10, 15 and 20 min of light adaptation. Relative amplitude and latency (corrected by values found at 0 min) of the three components (N1, P1, and N2) of first-order (K1) and first slice of the second-order (K2.1) kernel at 5 time points were evaluated. An exponential model was fitted to the mean amplitude and latency data as a function of the light adaptation duration to estimate the time course (τ) of the light adaptation for each component. Repeated one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey post-test was applied to the amplitude and latency data, considering significant values of p < 0.05. RESULTS: Regarding the K1 ffERG, N1 K1, P1 K1, and N2 K1 presented an amplitude increase as a function of the light adaptation (N1 K1 τ value = 2.66 min ± 4.2; P1 K1 τ value = 2.69 min ± 2.10; and N2 K1 τ value = 3.49 min ± 2.96). P1 K1 and N2 K1 implicit time changed as a function of the light adaptation duration (P1 K1 τ value = 3.61 min ± 5.2; N2 K1 τ value = 3.25 min ± 4.8). N1 K1 had small implicit time changes during the light adaptation. All the K2,1 components also had nonsignificant changes in amplitude and implicit time during the light adaptation. CONCLUSIONS: Pseudorandom ffERGs showed different mechanisms of adaptation to retinal light. Our results suggest that K1 ffERG is generated by retinal mechanisms with intermediate- to long-term light adaptation, while K2.1 ffERG is generated by retinal mechanism with fast light adaptation course.
Assuntos
Adaptação Ocular , Eletrorretinografia , Adaptação à Escuridão , Voluntários Saudáveis , Humanos , Estimulação Luminosa , RetinaRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Solanum lycocarpum is a medicinal plant used in Brazil with hypoglycemic activity by its fruits use. However, the fruits production is restricted in some periods of the year, differently of leaves. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effects of hydroalcoholic extracts of S. lycocarpum leaves in alloxan-induced diabetic mice. METHODS: Hydroalcoholic extract of S. lycocarpum was characterized by phytochemical and GCMS analysis. The Antidiabetic activity was assessed following treatment for 22 days with S. lycocarpum extract at 125, 250, and 500 mg/kg. Bodyweight, water, and food intake, glycemia, biochemical parameters, anatomy-histopathology of the pancreas, liver and kidney, and expression of target genes were analyzed. In addition, oral acute toxicity was evaluated. RESULTS: Animals treated showed a significant reduction (p < 0.05) in glycemia following a dose of 125 mg/kg. Food intake remained similar for all groups. Decreased polydipsia symptoms were observed after treatment with 250 (p < 0.001) and 500 mg/kg (p < 0.01) compared with diabetic control, although normal rates were observed when 125 mg/kg was administered. A protective effect was also observed in the pancreas, liver, and kidneys, through the regeneration of the islets. Hypoglycemic activity can be attributed to myo-inositol, which stimulates insulin secretion, associated with α-tocopherol, which prevents damage from oxidative stress and apoptosis of ß-pancreatic cells by an increased Catalase (CAT) and Glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4) mRNA expression. The toxicological test demonstrated safe oral use of the extract under the present conditions. CONCLUSION: Hydroalcoholic extract of S. lycocarpum promotes the regulation of diabetes in the case of moderate glycemic levels, by decreasing glycemia and exerting protective effects on the islets.
Assuntos
Complicações do Diabetes/tratamento farmacológico , Diabetes Mellitus Experimental/tratamento farmacológico , Hipoglicemiantes/farmacologia , Extratos Vegetais/farmacologia , Solanum/química , Alanina Transaminase/metabolismo , Fosfatase Alcalina/metabolismo , Aloxano/administração & dosagem , Animais , Aspartato Aminotransferases/metabolismo , Glicemia/metabolismo , Peso Corporal/efeitos dos fármacos , Catalase/metabolismo , Complicações do Diabetes/metabolismo , Complicações do Diabetes/patologia , Diabetes Mellitus Experimental/induzido quimicamente , Diabetes Mellitus Experimental/metabolismo , Diabetes Mellitus Experimental/patologia , Ingestão de Líquidos/efeitos dos fármacos , Ingestão de Alimentos/efeitos dos fármacos , Hipoglicemiantes/química , Inositol/farmacologia , Rim/efeitos dos fármacos , Rim/metabolismo , Rim/patologia , Fígado/efeitos dos fármacos , Fígado/metabolismo , Fígado/patologia , Masculino , Camundongos , Pâncreas/efeitos dos fármacos , Pâncreas/metabolismo , Pâncreas/patologia , Fosfolipídeo Hidroperóxido Glutationa Peroxidase/metabolismo , Extratos Vegetais/química , Folhas de Planta/química , alfa-Tocoferol/farmacologiaRESUMO
Campylobacter is not routinely tested in foodborne disease investigations in Brazil. Here, we studied the occurrence of Campylobacter among other food-related bacteria commonly found in foodborne disease outbreaks reported in Rio Grande do Sul State, Southern Brazil. Seventy-two food samples were analyzed by using culture-based detection methods during the 18-month investigation of 36 foodborne disease outbreaks. The sampled foods from the foodborne disease outbreaks were all negative for Campylobacter . However, at least one of other routinely investigated foodborne-related bacteria was detected in 29.17% (21/72) of the samples. Taken together, these results suggest the need to monitor Campylobacter in foodborne diseases to detect sporadic cases caused by Campylobacter that might go unnoticed in Rio Grande do Sul.
Assuntos
Infecções por Campylobacter , Campylobacter/isolamento & purificação , Doenças Transmitidas por Alimentos , Brasil/epidemiologia , Infecções por Campylobacter/epidemiologia , Surtos de Doenças , Doenças Transmitidas por Alimentos/epidemiologia , HumanosRESUMO
In the present study, we investigated the topographical distribution of ganglion cells and displaced amacrine cells in the retina of the collared peccary (Pecari tajacu), a diurnal neotropical mammal of the suborder Suina (Order Artiodactyla) widely distributed across central and mainly South America. Retinas were prepared and processed following the Nissl staining method. The number and distribution of retinal ganglion cells and displaced amacrine cells were determined in six flat-mounted retinas from three animals. The average density of ganglion cells was 351.822 ± 31.434 GC/mm2. The peccary shows a well-developed visual streak. The average peak density was 6,767 GC/mm2 and located within the visual range and displaced temporally as an area temporalis. Displaced amacrine cells have an average density of 300 DAC/mm2, but the density was not homogeneous along the retina, closer to the center of the retina the number of cells decreases and when approaching the periphery the density increases, in addition, amacrine cells do not form retinal specialization like ganglion cells. Outside the area temporalis, amacrine cells reach up to 80% in the ganglion cell layer. However, in the region of the area temporalis, the proportion of amacrine cells drops to 32%. Thus, three retinal specializations were found in peccary's retina by ganglion cells: visual streak, area temporalis and dorsotemporal extension. The topography of the ganglion cells layer in the retina of the peccary resembles other species of Order Artiodactyla already described and is directly related to its evolutionary history and ecology of the species.
Assuntos
Células Amácrinas/ultraestrutura , Artiodáctilos/anatomia & histologia , Retina/anatomia & histologia , Células Ganglionares da Retina/ultraestrutura , Animais , Contagem de Células , MasculinoRESUMO
Reliability analysis allows for the estimation of a system's probability of detecting and identifying outliers. Failure to identify an outlier can jeopardize the reliability level of a system. Due to its importance, outliers must be appropriately treated to ensure the normal operation of a system. System models are usually developed from certain constraints. Constraints play a central role in model precision and validity. In this work, we present a detailed investigation of the effects of the hard and soft constraints on the reliability of a measurement system model. Hard constraints represent a case in which there exist known functional relations between the unknown model parameters, whereas the soft constraints are employed where such functional relations can be slightly violated depending on their uncertainty. The results highlighted that the success rate of identifying an outlier for the case of hard constraints is larger than soft constraints. This suggested that hard constraints be used in the stage of pre-processing data for the purpose of identifying and removing possible outlying measurements. After identifying and removing possible outliers, one should set up the soft constraints to propagate their uncertainties to the model parameters during the data processing.
Assuntos
Interpretação Estatística de Dados , Modelos Biológicos , Modelos Estatísticos , Algoritmos , Coleta de Dados , Processamento de Imagem Assistida por ComputadorRESUMO
Chicken is a leading source of thermotolerant Campylobacter, which triggers human foodborne enteritis. This study evaluated thermotolerant Campylobacter contamination of retail chicken in southern Brazil, using qualitative and quantitative analyses. Selective enrichment in Bolton broth for 24 and 48 h after plating onto modified charcoal-cefoperazone-deoxycholate (mCCD) agar and Preston agar was assessed. The combined results of the detection and enumeration methods revealed a frequency of 70% occurrence of thermotolerant Campylobacter in chicken samples. Campylobacter was enumerated in 60% of the samples, whereas 46% of the samples were positive in the qualitative analysis. Quantitative analysis showed average counts of 3.10 ± 0.15 log10 CFU/sample. Higher numbers of Campylobacter-positive samples were found using 24-h enrichment before plating onto Preston agar (46%) than onto mCCD agar (2%). The majority of isolated strains were identified as Campylobacter jejuni, and Campylobacter coli was also found but to a lesser extent. Subtyping revealed a clear distinction between strains isolated from different chicken sources. The enriched samples plated onto mCCD agar showed extensive spreading of nonproducing extended-spectrum ß-lactamases Proteus mirabilis that hampered the identification of Campylobacter colonies. P. mirabilis strains showed resistance to cefoperazone, trimethoprim, and polymyxin B present in broth and plate media used and were inhibited by rifampicin present in Preston agar. The results underline the effect of the spread of contaminant strains on Campylobacter cultures, which might be prevented using a recently revised International Organization for Standardization method for qualitative analysis of chicken.