RESUMO
The present study aims to determine the appropriate defoliation management for the production of seeds and forage in arrowleaf clover via trail analysis. The results obtained demonstrated that defoliation practices have a great influence on the composition of seed yield and germination power. In addition, when the goal is the maximum balance between dry matter production and seed yield, this can be achieved in up to two defoliation practices. These results are confirmed by analyzing the positive association between the weight of a thousand seeds and the seed yield. When the third defoliation practice is performed, it negatively correlates with the weight of a thousand seeds, suggesting that, with the increase in defoliation frequency, there is a lower weight of a thousand seeds, and, therefore, lower seed yield. Therefore, management planning in Trifolium vesiculosum Savi that aims at natural reseeding, maximum yield and seed germination must prioritize one to two defoliation practices, aiming to promote favorable conditions for the perennialization of the species. In this context, the trail analysis proved to be a useful tool as a criterion for obtaining the ideal management aiming at the production of seeds and forage in vesicular clover.(AU)
O presente estudo visa determinar o manejo de desfolha adequado para a produção de sementes e de forragem em trevo-vesiculoso via análise de trilha. Os resultados obtidos demonstraram que as práticas de desfolha possuem grande influência na composição do rendimento de sementes e no poder germinativo. Além disso, quando o objetivo for o máximo equilíbrio entre a produção de matéria seca e o rendimento de sementes, esse pode ser alcançado em até duas práticas de desfolha. Esses resultados são confirmados ao se analisar a associação positiva entre o peso de mil sementes e o rendimento de sementes. Quando realizada a terceira prática de desfolha, esta se correlaciona negativamente com o peso de mil sementes, sugerindo que, com o aumento da frequência de desfolha, ocorre menor peso de mil sementes e, por conseguinte, menor rendimento de sementes. Portanto, o planejamento do manejo em T. vesiculosum Savi que objetive a ressemeadura natural, o máximo rendimento e a germinação de sementes deve priorizar até duas práticas de desfolha, visando promover condições favoráveis para a perenização da espécie. Nesse contexto, a análise de trilha demonstrou ser uma ferramenta útil como critério para obtenção do manejo ideal visando à produção de sementes e de forragem em trevo-vesiculoso.(AU)
Assuntos
Sementes , Produção Agrícola , Trifolium/crescimento & desenvolvimento , GerminaçãoRESUMO
In Experiment I, during the non-breeding season, after intravaginal devices containing progesterone (P4) were withdrawn (n = 28), estrous rates were greater with treatment with 400 IU eCG (P < 0.05) than with FSH (10 and 15 mg) and no treatment. During the breeding season (n = 147), estrous and pregnancy rates after fixed-time artificial inseminations (FTAI) were similar among groups: 300 IU eCG; 10 mg FSH; and control (P > 0.05). In Experiment II (non-breeding season), ewes of one group were treated with 300 IU eCG (n = 8) and of two groups were treated with 10 mg FSH. In one FSH group, 250 µg estradiol benzoate (EB) were administered after 24 h (n = 9); in the other, 4 µg GnRH were administered after 36 h (n = 10). Serum P4 concentrations were greater in eCG-treated ewes (P < 0.05). Estrous rates were similar for the eCG- and FSH plus EB-treated ewes (P > 0.05). In Experiment III (breeding season), the treatments were: 300 IU eCG; 250 µg estradiol cypionate; 250 µg EB; or control (n = 22). Follicular growth was greater for eCG-treated ewes within 0-24 h and for control ewes within 48-72 h (P = 0.001). Although estrous and ovulation rates did not differ (P > 0.05), all eCG-treated ewes had ovulations. During the non-breeding season, FSH treatment promoted follicular growth but did not induce ovulations. For FTAI regimens, eCG was more effective than FSH plus GnRH and estradiol esters in inducing estrus and ovulation.
Assuntos
Gonadotropina Coriônica/farmacologia , Hormônio Foliculoestimulante/farmacologia , Inseminação Artificial/veterinária , Folículo Ovariano/efeitos dos fármacos , Ovulação/efeitos dos fármacos , Ovinos/fisiologia , Animais , Gonadotropina Coriônica/administração & dosagem , Estradiol/administração & dosagem , Estradiol/farmacologia , Feminino , Hormônio Foliculoestimulante/administração & dosagem , Progesterona/sangue , Fatores de TempoRESUMO
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE: Bowdichia virgilioides Kunth (Leguminosae Papilonoideae) is a plant with anti-inflammatory activity used in folk medicine. The importance of this plant promoted its inclusion in Brazilian Pharmacopoeia. AIM OF THE STUDY: In order to evaluate the actions of this plant, studies were performed on antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory activities. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The aqueous extracts (AE) of Bowdichia virgilioides inner bark and leaves were used at 100, 200, and 400mg/kg. Antinociceptive activity of plant extract was evaluated by writhing, hot-plate and formalin tests. Anti-inflammatory activity was evaluated using paw oedema and peritonitis methods. RESULTS: Oral treatment with the AE of inner bark or leaves elicited inhibitory activity (P<0.01) on acetic acid effect at 200 and 400mg/kg, and reduced the formalin effect at the second-phase (200 and 400mg/kg, P<0.01), however it did not elicit any inhibitory effect on hot-plate test. The indomethacin inhibited the acetic acid-induced writhing and the formalin effect at the second-phase (P<0.001), and the morphine reduced the both phases of formalin test (P<0.001). Carrageenan-induced oedema formation and neutrophil migration into the peritoneal cavity were reduced with the AE of inner bark or leaves at 100, 200, and 400mg/kg (P<0.05), and by the reference compounds aspirin (P<0.001) and dexamethasone (P<0.001), respectively. CONCLUSIONS: The AE of Bowdichia virgilioides shows antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory activities, supporting the folkloric usage of the plant to treat various inflammatory diseases.
Assuntos
Analgésicos/uso terapêutico , Anti-Inflamatórios não Esteroides/uso terapêutico , Fabaceae , Extratos Vegetais/uso terapêutico , Analgésicos/isolamento & purificação , Analgésicos/farmacologia , Animais , Anti-Inflamatórios não Esteroides/isolamento & purificação , Anti-Inflamatórios não Esteroides/farmacologia , Relação Dose-Resposta a Droga , Edema/tratamento farmacológico , Edema/patologia , Feminino , Masculino , Camundongos , Medição da Dor/efeitos dos fármacos , Medição da Dor/métodos , Casca de Planta , Extratos Vegetais/isolamento & purificação , Extratos Vegetais/farmacologia , Folhas de Planta , Ratos , Ratos WistarRESUMO
The purpose of this study was to compare the serum levels of androgens between hyposexual and non-hyposexual patients with epilepsy. Adult male patients with epilepsy were investigated. Serum levels of testosterone (T) and free-T, estradiol, and sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG) were measured and the free androgen index (FAI) was calculated. While there were no differences between hyposexual and non-hyposexual patients in the serum levels of T, free-T, and estradiol, or to the FAI, the serum levels of SHBG were significantly higher in hyposexual patients than in non-hyposexual patients. Thus, the effects of increased SHBG upon serum levels of testosterone biologically active in patients with epilepsy and hyposexuality were not detected by the methods used in this study. Four (44%) of nine hyposexual patients who were re-evaluated after two years follow-up improved sexual performance. Thus, clinical treatment that results in good seizure control may improve sexual performance in some patients with epilepsy.
Assuntos
Androgênios/sangue , Epilepsia/sangue , Estradiol/sangue , Disfunções Sexuais Fisiológicas/sangue , Adulto , Idade de Início , Biomarcadores/sangue , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Epilepsia/fisiopatologia , Epilepsia/terapia , Seguimentos , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Globulina de Ligação a Hormônio Sexual/análise , Disfunções Sexuais Fisiológicas/fisiopatologia , Disfunções Sexuais Fisiológicas/terapia , Testosterona/sangueRESUMO
In order to evaluate the psychological variables that affect sexual dysfunction (SD) in epilepsy, where compared 60 epileptics (Group 1) with 60 healthy individuals (Group 2), through the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (Spielberger et al., 1970), Beck Depression Inventory (Beck, 1974) and Sexual Behavior Interview (Souza, 1995). Sexual dysfunction (SD), anxiety and depression were found more frequently in Group 1 than in Group 2 and were not related to sex. Variables such as the onset duration and frequency of seizures as well as the use to medication were not associated with SD. Temporal lobe epilepsy was related to SD (p = 0.035) but not to anxiety or depression. Anxiety and depression were related to SD in both groups. Perception in controlling the seizures was closely related to anxiety (p = 0) and depression (p = 0.009). We conclude that psychological factors play an important role in the alteration of sexual behavior in epileptics and that suitable attention must be given to the control of these variables.
Assuntos
Ansiedade/psicologia , Depressão/psicologia , Epilepsia/psicologia , Autoimagem , Disfunções Sexuais Psicogênicas/psicologia , Adulto , Ansiedade/etiologia , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Depressão/etiologia , Epilepsia/complicações , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Disfunções Sexuais Psicogênicas/etiologiaRESUMO
Five right-handed children with Landau-Kleffner syndrome (LKS) who had disease onset between the ages of 3 and 9 years were studied with EEG and single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) before and, in four cases, after 6 months of corticosteroid treatment. EEG findings included both focal and generalized spikes as well as spike-wave discharges with bilateral temporal predominance. These increased markedly during sleep in 1 child, and continuous spike-and-wave complexes appeared during slow-wave sleep in another patient. Neuropsychological testing demonstrated verbal auditory agnosia. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was performed in 4 children and was normal. Brain SPECT imaging demonstrated abnormal perfusion in the left temporal lobe in all patients. The response to corticosteroid therapy was mixed. Our findings reinforce the concept that LKS is a functional disease affecting the language-dominant brain areas. We conclude that SPECT imaging may be of diagnostic assistance in the evaluation of this syndrome of unknown etiology.
Assuntos
Encéfalo/diagnóstico por imagem , Síndrome de Landau-Kleffner/diagnóstico por imagem , Tomografia Computadorizada de Emissão de Fóton Único , Idade de Início , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Eletroencefalografia , Feminino , Lateralidade Funcional/fisiologia , Humanos , Síndrome de Landau-Kleffner/diagnóstico , Síndrome de Landau-Kleffner/tratamento farmacológico , Masculino , Testes Neuropsicológicos , Compostos de Organotecnécio , Oximas , Prednisona/uso terapêutico , Sono/fisiologia , Tecnécio Tc 99m Exametazima , Lobo Temporal/fisiologiaRESUMO
We reviewed 444 EEGs of 62 women with medically refractory epilepsy, followed up for at least 5 years and that had 5 or more EEGs. According to our definitions we found 18 patients (29%) with frequent seizures, 16 (25.8%) with very frequent seizures, 16 (25.8%) with controlled seizures and 12 (19.3%) with occasional seizures. Four patients (6.5%) always showed normal EEGs, 30 (48.4%) had normal and abnormal EEGs and 28 (45.2%) only abnormal EEGs. Among the patients who had only normal EEGs, two had all seizures controlled, one had occasional seizures and one had frequent seizures. Among the patients who had normal and abnormal EEGs, 10 had controlled seizures, 5 had occasional seizures, 9 had frequent seizures and 6 had very frequent seizures. In the group of patients with always abnormal EEGs, 4 had controlled seizures, 6 had occasional seizures, 8 had frequent seizures, and 10 had very frequent seizures. In relation to the last EEG, it was normal in 7 (43.7%) of 16 patients with controlled seizures, in 3 (25%) of 12 patients with occasional seizures and in 7 (38.9%) of 18 patients with frequent seizures, and in none of the patients with very frequent seizures. The patients who had only normal EEGs seem to have a better outcome than those with abnormal EEGs. We observed that the last EEG was normal in 43.7% of the patients with controlled seizures. These data may suggest a relative importance of the EEG considering the long-term prognosis regarding seizure control.
Assuntos
Eletroencefalografia , Epilepsia/diagnóstico , Adulto , Epilepsia/fisiopatologia , Feminino , Seguimentos , Humanos , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Prognóstico , Estudos Retrospectivos , Fatores de TempoRESUMO
Há poucos dados no nosso meio sobre epilepsias recém-diagnosticadas (ERD). Com o objetivo de avaliar a aderência, a tolerância e a eficácia da primeira droga antiepiléptica receitada, seguimos 78 pacientes de 6 a 61 anos de idade (média: 17.96 anos) com ERD por um tempo médio de 12.68 meses (1 a 29 meses). Estes pacientes apresentavam crises parciais, com ou sem generalizaçäo secundária, e crises generalizadas tônico-clônicas com um tempo médio de epilepsia de 7.68 meses (4 dias a 7 anos). Encontramos 11 pacientes (14.10 por cento ) näo aderentes ao tratamento e 14 (17,94 por cento ) com efeitos colaterais que justificaram a troca da medicaçäo. Os efeitos colaterais mais prevalentes foram alteraçöes dismórficas como hirsutismo e hiperplasia gengival, síndrome dispéptica, reaçöes idiossincrásicas e sedaçäo. Sessenta e seis por cento dos pacientes mantiveram-se completamente controlados por um período de 8 semanas e 63.88 por cento por 56 semanas. Estes dados säo consistentes com os achados da literatura internacional. A taxa de näo aderência ao tratamento foi relativamente alta (14,10 por cento ), possivelmente devido aos aspectos sócio-econômicos e culturais da populaçäo estudada. Ressaltamos que 17,94 por cento dos pacientes näo toleraram a primeira droga, necessitando de substituiçäo. Aproximadamente 2/3 dos pacientes com ERD obtém controle satisfatório com a primeira medicaçäo
Assuntos
Pré-Escolar , Criança , Adolescente , Adulto , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Anticonvulsivantes/administração & dosagem , Epilepsia/diagnóstico , Prognóstico , Anticonvulsivantes/efeitos adversos , Anticonvulsivantes/químicaRESUMO
Nine patient whose epileptic seizures had began in the menarche phase were studied. Two of these patients had generalized seizures and seven partial seizures with or without generalization. The physical and neurologic exam was normal in all patients except one who had aortic stenosis. The EEG showed focal spikes in temporal regions in four patients, intermittent generalized slow waves in one and was normal in four patients. Seven of these patients complained of increasing of the seizure frequency near to the menstrual period. Data registered are discussed. It is concluded that the observation of a larger number of patients is necessary to confirm these data.
Assuntos
Epilepsia/fisiopatologia , Menarca/fisiologia , Adulto , Doença Crônica , Eletroencefalografia , Epilepsia/tratamento farmacológico , Feminino , Humanos , MasculinoRESUMO
The cases of three patients with focal seizure associated to non-cetotic hyperglycemia are reported. Two patients presented motor epilepsy partialis continua (EPC). One case showed EPC as the first clinical manifestation of diabetes mellitus. Neurological exam was normal in all patients. CT and CSF were normal in the cases they were evaluated. Scalp EEG registered during a focal seizure revealed a bilateral temporal spiky activity. Glycemia levels were 455, 660 and 439 mg/dl. Two patients presented hyponatremia simultaneously. No patients had benefit with phenytoin or diazepam, and one patient got worse after them. Seizure control occurred after insulin and electrolytic treatment. It is important to diagnose this type of condition to avoid changes of non-cetotic hyperglycemia syndrome in a hyperosmolarity and coma state, disturbance which brings a higher mortality.
Assuntos
Complicações do Diabetes , Epilepsias Parciais/etiologia , Hiperglicemia/complicações , Adulto , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-IdadeRESUMO
Seven cases of cursive and two cases of gelastic manifestations of epileptic seizures are presented. The cases were documented with computerized tomography and electroencephalography (EEG). Most of patients with cursive seizures showed temporal lobe epileptiform discharge in EEG. The authors discuss the theme in relation to pathophysiology and conclude that they are not a homogeneous group according to prognosis and nosology. Every case presented complex partial seizures with or without tonic-clonic seizures.