RESUMO
BACKGROUND: Chyle fistulas may occur after left neck dissections that include level IV, due to injury of the thoracic duct or of 1 of its major branches. Despite being unusual, this complication carries substantial postoperative morbidity and even mortality. So far, no effective intraoperative maneuver has been reported to detect this fistula at the end of a neck dissection. In this cohort study, we sought to describe a simple new maneuver, intraoperative abdominal compression, which can effectively help to identify an open major lymphatic duct on level IV at the end of a neck dissection. PATIENTS AND METHODS: From March 1989 to September 2010, 206 patients underwent neck dissections involving left level IV, and underwent intraoperative abdominal compression. There were 119 men and 87 women, with ages ranging from 18 to 81 years (median, 52 years). One hundred forty-four patients had squamous cell carcinomas, 54 had thyroid carcinomas, 5 had malignant melanomas, and 3 had salivary cancers. Distribution by type of left neck dissection was: selective including levels II, III, and IV (73 cases; 35.4%), selective including levels II, III, IV, and V (55 cases; 26.6%), selective including levels I, II, III, and IV (12 cases; 5.8%), modified radical (47 cases; 22.8%), and radical (19 cases; 9.2%). In all cases, at the end of the procedure, the endotracheal tube was temporarily disconnected from the ventilator. Keeping the dissected level IV area under clear visualization, an abdominal compression was performed. At this moment, any detected lymphatic leak was carefully clamped and tied with nonabsorbable sutures. After ventilating the patient, the intraoperative abdominal compression was repeated to reassure complete occlusion of the lymphatic vessel. RESULTS: In 13 cases (6.3%), a chyle leak was detected after performing the intraoperative abdominal compression. All leaks except for 2 were successfully controlled after 1 attempt. In these 2 patients, a patch of muscle and fat tissue was applied with fibrin glue on the top. In 1 of these patients, another chyle leak in a different location was detected only at the second intraoperative abdominal compression, and was also effectively closed. Postoperatively, there were 2 (1%) chyle fistulas, both among these 13 cases, and all were successfully managed with clinical measures only. No fistulas occurred among the remaining 193 patients in whom intraoperative abdominal compression did not demonstrate lymphatic leak. CONCLUSION: To our knowledge, this is the first description of a specific maneuver to actively detect a lymphatic fistula at the end of a left neck dissection involving level IV. In this study, intraoperative abdominal compression was able to detect an open lymphatic vessel in 6.3% of the cases, as well as to assure its effective sealing in the remaining 93.7% of the patients. Moreover, no life-threatening high-volume fistula was noted in this study.
Assuntos
Fístula/diagnóstico , Esvaziamento Cervical/efeitos adversos , Ducto Torácico/lesões , Abdome , Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Quilo , Estudos de Coortes , Feminino , Fístula/etiologia , Fístula/cirurgia , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Pressão , Ducto Torácico/cirurgia , Adulto JovemRESUMO
We prospectively studied the effects of the ligation of the inferior thyroid artery (ITA) on postoperative hypoparathyroidism in 48 patients who underwent functional subtotal thyroidectomy. Patients were randomized into two groups: A, with bilateral ligation of the ITA and B, without ligation of the ITA. Parathyroid function was checked preoperatively and after surgery by clinical examination and measurement of total calcium, intact PTH, urinary calcium, and AMPc. RESULTS: A significant incidence of postoperative hypocalcemia occurred: 17 percent in group A and 13 percent in B on the 4th postoperative day. Six months later, the incidence was 5 percent in Group A and 0 percent in Group B. These differences were not statistically significant between the two groups, and neither were any of the other clinical and laboratory observations. CONCLUSION: The ligation of the ITA was not an important causal factor for the occurrence of postoperative hypocalcemia after subtotal thyroidectomy
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Doença de Graves/cirurgia , Hipocalcemia/etiologia , Glândulas Paratireoides/fisiopatologia , Glândula Tireoide/irrigação sanguínea , Tireoidectomia/métodos , Artérias/cirurgia , Cálcio/sangue , Cálcio/urina , AMP Cíclico/urina , Ligadura , Hormônio Paratireóideo/sangue , Período Pós-Operatório , Estudos Prospectivos , Tireoidectomia/efeitos adversosRESUMO
The charts of 58 patients with squamous-cell carcinomas of the lower lip, treated at the General Hospital of the University of Sao Paulo Medical School from January 1980 to December 1989, were retrospectively analyzed. In addition to regular demographic data, all available information was collected regarding: smoking and drinking habits; sun exposure; clinical stage; macroscopic features of the primary lesions; type of treatment; and follow-up. A meticulous pathological analysis, comprising the histologic differentiation grade, maximal tumor thickness, sun elastosis, perineural spread, vascular and muscular invasion, surgical margins, peritumoral inflammatory infiltrate, and positive lymph nodes, with or without extracapsular spread, was undertaken as well. The evaluation of the overall 5-year survival showed significant statistical differences, with prognostic implications, for the following variables: maximal tumor thickness, T-stage and positive nodes.
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Adolescente , Adulto , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Neoplasias Labiais/patologia , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/patologia , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Neoplasias Labiais/cirurgia , Estudos Retrospectivos , Seguimentos , Análise de Sobrevida , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/cirurgia , Metástase Linfática , PrognósticoRESUMO
De 1981 a 1988, 10 pacientes portadores de extensas lesöes tumorais em Cabeça e Pescoço foram submetidos a ressecçöes craniofaciais oncológicas, seguidos de reconstruçäo com retalhos transplantados com microcirurgia vascular. Foram executados 11 retalhos microcirúrgicos: cinco do músculo grande dorsal, três do músculo reto abdominal, um do omento maior e um paraescapular. Bons resultados foram obtidos em nove pacientes (90%) e nove retalhos (82%). Num mesmo doente, houve perda total dos dois retalhos microcirúrgicos empregados (um grande dorsal e um omento maior), provavelmente devido a uma somatória de fatores desfavoráveis. Após a apresentaçäo detalhada de um caso representativo e da análise crítica, algumas conclusöes säo delineadas em relaçäo a estas técnicas reconstrutivas