RESUMO
BACKGROUND: Copernicia prunifera belongs to the Arecaceae family, and its production chain includes a set of economic activities based on the use of the stipe, petiole, fiber, fruits, roots, and leaves from which carnaúba wax is extracted, an economically valuable resource in the region. This study aimed to evaluate the uses, management, and perception of the species by local extractors. METHODS: Two communities were studied, Bem Quer, where 15 extractors of carnaúba leaves were interviewed, and Cana, where 21 extractors considered specialists were interviewed, totaling a sample of 36 interviewees. Interviewees were asked questions about uses, ways of handling, and perception of morphological variation in the carnaúba leaves. The number of leaves extracted and the income obtained from the sale of leaves were estimated from interviews and notes that each leader of extractors held during the year of the research and previous years, as well as direct observations made by researchers in the communities which recollection area of straw hold about 80 thousand individuals of C. prunifera. A regression analysis was used to explore the relationships between social variables (age, time in extractive activity, and income obtained from extraction) with the number of leaves exploited. RESULTS: The leaf was indicated as the most used part, from which an important powder is extracted for the production of wax. In addition, the leaf was also indicated to be used for fertilization and construction. The relationship between the socioeconomic variables, income from extraction, and the number of leaves extracted (in thousands) was significant (R2 = 0.73 and p < 0.001). However, the other variables analyzed in this study, such as the time spent extracting leaves and the years of residence in the community (R2 = 0.03 and p > 0.05); the number of leaves extracted and interviewee age (R2= 0.05 and p > 0.05); and the number of leaves extracted and extraction time (R2 = 0.04 and p > 0.05) did not indicate a relationship. CONCLUSION: Local extractors observed that new leaves have the highest sales value, as they have the highest production of powder. In addition, economic factor is the preponderant force that directs the management strategies of native species. For this species, however, morphological and genetic studies are needed for further clarification.
Assuntos
Arecaceae , Ceras , Brasil , Humanos , Folhas de Planta , População Rural , Ceras/economiaRESUMO
Lima bean is a source of income for the rural population of Northeast Brazil because people purchase and consume the imature and mature beans. In this region, all of the germplasms used by farmers come from their own crops or they trade between rural communities. Understanding the genetic diversity of the lima bean germplasm provides important information for both managing germplasm banks and genetic conservation. In this study, we aimed to estimate the genetic diversity between 24 lima bean accessions from the Active GermplasmBank (AGB) at the Universidade Federal do Piauí (UFPI) based on morphoagronomic descriptors. The experiment was conducted under field conditions in lattice design with four replications and ten plants per plot, from February to August 2009. Seven qualitative and six quantitative descriptors were used. Four groups were created for quantitative traits using the Tocher and Unweighted Pair Group Method with Arithmetic Mean (UPGMA) methods, while qualitative traits were divided into three groups using the Tocher method and into six groups using UPGMA. The trait that contributed the most to genetic diversity (35.23%) was pod width. UFPI-220 produced a large number of pods per plant, an important trait for identifying potentially productive accessions. We expect that beneficial combinations can be made between UFPI-220 x UFPI-468 due to both the high level of...(AU)
O feijão-fava é uma alternativa de renda para a população rural do Nordeste do Brasil, que consome seus grãos verdes ou maduros. Nessa região, todo germoplasma utilizado pelos agricultores é originário de seus próprios cultivos havendo intercâmbio de sementes entre comunidades rurais. O conhecimento sobre a diversidade genética tem proporcionado importantes contribuições no gerenciamento de bancos de germoplasmas e na conservação de recursos genéticos. Neste trabalho, objetivou-se estimar a diversidade genética entre vinte quatro acessos de feijão-fava do Banco Ativo de Germoplasma (BAG) da Universidade Federal do Piauí (UFPI), com base em descritores morfoagronômicos. O experimento foi conduzido em condições de campo, em látice com quatro repetições e dez plantas por parcela, no período de fevereiro a agosto de 2009, sendo utilizados sete descritores qualitativos e seis quantitativos. Para os caracteres quantitativos foram formados quatro grupos pelos métodos de Tocher e UPGMA, enquanto que para os qualitativos formaram-se três grupos pelo método de Tocher e seis pelo UPGMA. O caráter que mais contribuiu para divergência genética (35,23%) foi largura da vagem. UFPI-220 produziu grande número de vagens por planta, característica importante na identificação de acessos potencialmente produtivos. Há expectativa de combinação promissora entre UFPI-220 x UFPI-468, em virtude da...(AU)
Assuntos
Variação Genética , Melhoramento Vegetal , Phaseolus/genéticaRESUMO
Lima bean is a source of income for the rural population of Northeast Brazil because people purchase and consume the imature and mature beans. In this region, all of the germplasms used by farmers come from their own crops or they trade between rural communities. Understanding the genetic diversity of the lima bean germplasm provides important information for both managing germplasm banks and genetic conservation. In this study, we aimed to estimate the genetic diversity between 24 lima bean accessions from the Active GermplasmBank (AGB) at the Universidade Federal do Piauí (UFPI) based on morphoagronomic descriptors. The experiment was conducted under field conditions in lattice design with four replications and ten plants per plot, from February to August 2009. Seven qualitative and six quantitative descriptors were used. Four groups were created for quantitative traits using the Tocher and Unweighted Pair Group Method with Arithmetic Mean (UPGMA) methods, while qualitative traits were divided into three groups using the Tocher method and into six groups using UPGMA. The trait that contributed the most to genetic diversity (35.23%) was pod width. UFPI-220 produced a large number of pods per plant, an important trait for identifying potentially productive accessions. We expect that beneficial combinations can be made between UFPI-220 x UFPI-468 due to both the high level of...
O feijão-fava é uma alternativa de renda para a população rural do Nordeste do Brasil, que consome seus grãos verdes ou maduros. Nessa região, todo germoplasma utilizado pelos agricultores é originário de seus próprios cultivos havendo intercâmbio de sementes entre comunidades rurais. O conhecimento sobre a diversidade genética tem proporcionado importantes contribuições no gerenciamento de bancos de germoplasmas e na conservação de recursos genéticos. Neste trabalho, objetivou-se estimar a diversidade genética entre vinte quatro acessos de feijão-fava do Banco Ativo de Germoplasma (BAG) da Universidade Federal do Piauí (UFPI), com base em descritores morfoagronômicos. O experimento foi conduzido em condições de campo, em látice com quatro repetições e dez plantas por parcela, no período de fevereiro a agosto de 2009, sendo utilizados sete descritores qualitativos e seis quantitativos. Para os caracteres quantitativos foram formados quatro grupos pelos métodos de Tocher e UPGMA, enquanto que para os qualitativos formaram-se três grupos pelo método de Tocher e seis pelo UPGMA. O caráter que mais contribuiu para divergência genética (35,23%) foi largura da vagem. UFPI-220 produziu grande número de vagens por planta, característica importante na identificação de acessos potencialmente produtivos. Há expectativa de combinação promissora entre UFPI-220 x UFPI-468, em virtude da...