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BACKGROUND: Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC) comprises a rare malignant primary skin tumor presenting neuroendocrine differentiation. Recently, agents blocking the programmed cell death protein 1 and programmed cell death protein ligand 1 pathway (PD-1/PD-L1) have demonstrated objective and durable tumor regressions in patients presenting advanced MCC. This study aimed to describe the sociodemographic, clinical, and histopathological characteristics of MCC patients, also assessing the prevalence of PD-L1 expression and Merkel cell Polyomavirus (MCPyV), as well as their prognostic roles. METHODS: Data from patients diagnosed with MCC between 1996 and 2019 at a reference cancer center in Rio de Janeiro, southeastern Brazil, were evaluated in a retrospective study. Tumor samples were tested for MCPyV and PD-L1 employing immunohistochemistry. Survival analyses were carried out employing the Kaplan-Meier method and curves were compared using the log-rank test. A multiple semiparametric Cox model was used. Values p < 0.05 were considered significant. RESULTS: A total of 65 patients were included in the study, with a mean age at diagnosis of 72 (standard deviation 13.9). A total of 56.9% (37/65) of the patients were male, 86.2% (56/65) were white, and 56.9% (37/64) were illiterate or with incomplete elementary school. MCPyV immunohistochemistry was positive in 29 cases (44.6%) and PD-L1 positivity was ≥ 1% in 42 cases (64.6%). Significant associations between MCPyV and PD-L1 expression ≥ 1% (p = 0.003) and PD-L1 expression ≥ 5% (p = 0.005) were noted. Concerning the multivariate analysis, only education level and advanced MCC stage indicated statistically significant worse progression-free survival. Regarding overall survival (OS), being male, education level and advanced stage comprised risk factors. The estimated OS at 60 months for stages I to III was of 48.9% and for stage IV, 8.9%. CONCLUSIONS: This is the first large Brazilian cohort to assess the prevalence of MCPyV in MCC tumors, as well as PD-L1 expression and their associations. No correlations were noted between MCPyV infection or PD-L1 expression and survival rates.

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The human papillomavirus (HPV) is associated with cervical abnormalities. People living with HIV are more susceptible to HPV. Campos dos Goytacazes implemented the quadrivalent HPV vaccine (4vHPV) for women living with HIV (WLWH) in 2011, 4 years before the Brazilian public vaccination program. We aimed to characterize the genomic diversity and predictors of HPV infection in WLWH through a prospective cohort study. After the consent form was received, a questionnaire was applied and an endocervical sample was collected. For genotyping, a microarray HPV technique was performed. Two intervention moments were performed: T1, the initial moment, with collection and vaccination; T2 moment, 2 years after T1. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed. The T1 moment cohort was formed by 146 women,107 belonging to Group 1(HPV-negative) and 39 to Group 2 (HPV-positive). The variables age, marital status, number of children, number of sexual partners, and CD4 count were protective against HPV. The variables number of sexual partners, marital status, and the number of children lost significance in multivariate analysis. Concerning T2 moment, 42 patients were followed with three positive cases. The use of 4vHPV is beneficial for this population and should also be recommended at an age from 26 to 45 years inside the public vaccination program.

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Background: Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a group of non-lymphoid hematological tumors characterized by aberrant proliferation and/or decreased apoptosis of a clone of non-mature cells, resulting in the accumulation of immature blast cells in the bone marrow and peripheral blood. It is considered rare, as it represents 10% of neoplasms of hematopoietic origin. However, it is known that felines seroreactive for FIV and FeLV are more predisposed and reports of this type of leukemia in cats in the literature are scarce. Thus, the objective of this study was to evaluate the blood and bone marrow of a cat seroreactive for FeLV that presented with myelodysplastic syndrome that progressed to acute myeloid leukemia. Case: A 6-year-old male mixed-breed cat, neutered, seroreactive for FeLV, showed apathy, weight loss, and pale mucous membranes. Initial peripheral blood smear evaluation revealed hypochromic normocytic anemia, leukopenia, neutropenia, lymphopenia, and thrombocytosis with many macropackets and giant platelets. Based on this blood picture, a long-spectrum antimicrobial therapy with amoxicillin and clavulanate [Clavulin® BD - 25 mg/kg, every 12 h] was started. Granulocyte colony stimulating factor used filgrastim (rHu G-CSF) [Fiprina® - 5 µg/kg, SC, every 48 h] and appetite stimulant mirtazapine [Mirtz® - 2 mg/cat, orally, every 48 h] were used to correct leukopenia and nutritional status, respectively. Follow-up blood smear evaluation on the 30th day showed persistence of the hematological changes noticed earlier. A bone marrow puncture was performed, and immunosuppressive therapy with prednisolone [Predsim® - 4 mg/kg, orally, every 24 h] was initiated. The aspirated material showed increased cellularity for age, decreased myeloid:erythroid ratio, and 39.8% of blasts of myeloid origin. An average of 17.7 megakaryocytes were observed per field (10x magnification). Bone marrow cytological evaluation suggested acute myeloid leukemia with dysmegakaryocytopoiesis. After the diagnosis, the examinations were repeated monthly, and there was still intense leukopenia. However, in view of the stable clinical status and leukopenia with neutropenia, treatment for leukemia was not instituted and only supportive treatment was administered when necessary. Eight months after the diagnosis, clinical status had worsened, and unlike the earlier hemograms, global leukocyte count had increased with predominant lymphocytosis (95% of the total leukocytes) with atypical lymphocytes. The cat died a few days later. Discussion: Bone marrow evaluation is indicated when peripheral blood cell abnormalities are present and cannot be explained in the context of the clinical history. In the present report, the bone marrow aspirate was hypercellular (cellularity above 75%); however, intense leukopenia was observed in the peripheral blood. In myelodysplastic syndromes, it is common for the bone marrow to be normal to hypercellular, which occurs when there is a greater production of myeloid or erythroid cell lines in response to the loss, destruction, or consumption of cells. Despite this, cytopenias may be present in the peripheral blood, since the defective cells undergo apoptosis and die before being released into the circulation, characterizing inefficient hematopoiesis. The diagnosis of acute leukemia comprises a variety of hematopoietic neoplasms that are complex and unique. Each acute leukemia subtype has defining characteristics that affect the prognosis and treatment of each animal.

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This article aims to present methodological aspects on the collection, analyses, coverage, challenges, and the lessons learned from laboratory assessment of micronutrients on the Brazilian National Survey on Child Nutrition (ENANI-2019). This is a household survey on a probability sample of children under five years of age from 123 Brazilian municipalities in all 26 states and the Federal District. Blood samples were drawn by venipuncture at the homes of children 6 to 59 months of age. This procedure was performed by experienced phlebotomists from the laboratories located in the selected municipalities and scheduled in advance. Blood and serum levels were measured for biomarkers of nutritional status, using the services of a clinical test laboratory with nationwide coverage, for the following micronutrients: iron (hemoglobin and ferritin), zinc, selenium, folic acid, and vitamins A, B1, B6, B12, D, and E. C-reactive protein was analyzed as a marker of inflammation. A barcode identifier was used to track the blood samples and to link the biochemical test results to the other data collected in the survey. A total of 14,558 children were studied. Of the 12,598 eligible children, 8,829 (70.1%) had blood samples drawn. Of the total number of children who had samples drawn, 91.8% (n = 8,025) have results for at least nine of the 12 analyses performed. Coverage of the analysis varied from 95% (for vitamins A and E) to 84.2% (for folic acid). Aliquots of whole blood and serum were stored in a biorepository for future analyses. The results of this pioneering study in the country will back the formulation and, when necessary, the reorientation of public policies in food and nutrition.

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Human papillomavirus (HPV) can cause genital warts and HPV-related cancer.People living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)are more symptomatic for HPV infections.Campos dos Goytacazes,a municipality of Rio de Janeiro,introduced the quadrivalent HPV vaccine (4vHPV)for HIV-positive women four years before initiation of a public vaccination program.This study analyzed the prevalence of HPV infection in HIV-positive women and the variables associated with infectionTwo groups were evaluated:group 1,with Pap smear and HPV-negative polymerase chain reaction (PCR);group 2, individuals with at least one positive result for HPV in PCR or pap smear.PCR was performed in endocervical samples using generic primers, and the LCD-Array Kit was used for genotyping.Univariate and multivariate analyzes were performed.Results in 109 women (Group 1 n = 70; group 2 n = 39)showed an overall HPV prevalence of 36%.Results also showed that 88% (n = 23) and 96% (n = 25)of typed viruses (total of typed viruses n = 26)were included in 4vHPV and 9vHPV (nonavalent HPV),respectively.In univariate analysis,age less than 45 years, a high number of sexual partners,and HIV-viral load were risk factors for infection.However, a CD4 indicator was associated with protection.Although HIV infection is generally related to multiple and rare types of HPV,this study showed that a vast majority of the HPV types found are included in 4vHPV.Considering that age less than 45 years is a risk factor, the use of 4vHPV in Brazil should be extended in the public vaccination program to HIV seropositive women up to age 45 years.

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ABSTRACT This study aimed to verify the risk factors associated with gym regulars' dropout over 12 months. This is an observational, retrospective, cohort study. The sample consisted of two gyms (Gym 1: n=2027, age=39.1 ±13.1 years; Gym 2: n=1775, age=36.8 ±11.6 years). Each participant was followed up for 12 months, or until dropout, by controlling the biometric entry system using a turnstile. The adherence rate was of 11% at Gym 1 and 19% at Gym 2. At both gyms, training frequency ≤3x/month and 4-6x/month was associated with dropout. At gym 1, being a female, aged ≥43 years, and enrollment between October and December were dropout predictors. At Gym 2, dropout was associated with contract length ≤31 days and 32-186 days and enrollment between April and December.

RESUMO Este estudo teve objetivo verificar os fatores de risco associados ao abandono durante 12 meses. Este é um estudo observacional de coorte retrospectivo. A amostra consistiu de duas academias (Academia 1: n=2027, idade=39,1±13,1 anos; Academia 2: n=1775, idade=36,8±11,6 anos). Cada participante foi acompanhado por 12 meses ou até o abandono, pelo controle do sistema de entrada biométrica, usando uma catraca. A taxa de aderência foi 11% na academia 1 e 19% na academia 2. Em ambas as academias, frequência de treino ≤3x/mês e 4-6x/mês foi associada ao abandono. Na academia 1, ser mulher, idade ≥43 anos, e matrícula ocorrendo entre outubro-dezembro foram preditores de abandono. Na academia 2, o abandono foi associado com duração do contrato ≤31 dias e entre 32-186 dias, e matrícula ocorrendo entre abril-dezembro.

RESUMEN El objetivo del estudio fue verificar los factores de riesgo asociados al abandono durante 12 meses. Este es un estudio observacional de cohorte retrospectiva. La muestra estuvo constituida por dos gimnasios (Gimnasio 1: n = 2027, edad=39,1±13,1 años; Gimnasio 2: n=1775, edad = 36,8±11,6 años). Se realizó un seguimiento de cada participante durante 12 meses o hasta el abandono, controlando el sistema de entrada biométrico, mediante un trinquete. La tasa de adherencia fue del 11% en el gimnasio 1 y del 19% en el gimnasio 2. En ambos gimnasios, frecuencia de entrenamiento ≤3x/mes y 4-6x/mes se asoció con el abandono. En el gimnasio 1, ser mujer, edad ≥43 años, y la matrícula realizada entre octubre-diciembre fueron predictores de abandono. En el gimnasio 2, abandono se asoció con una duración del contrato ≤31 días y entre 32-186 días, y la matrícula realizada entre abril-diciembre.

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This article aims to present methodological aspects on the collection, analyses, coverage, challenges, and the lessons learned from laboratory assessment of micronutrients on the Brazilian National Survey on Child Nutrition (ENANI-2019). This is a household survey on a probability sample of children under five years of age from 123 Brazilian municipalities in all 26 states and the Federal District. Blood samples were drawn by venipuncture at the homes of children 6 to 59 months of age. This procedure was performed by experienced phlebotomists from the laboratories located in the selected municipalities and scheduled in advance. Blood and serum levels were measured for biomarkers of nutritional status, using the services of a clinical test laboratory with nationwide coverage, for the following micronutrients: iron (hemoglobin and ferritin), zinc, selenium, folic acid, and vitamins A, B1, B6, B12, D, and E. C-reactive protein was analyzed as a marker of inflammation. A barcode identifier was used to track the blood samples and to link the biochemical test results to the other data collected in the survey. A total of 14,558 children were studied. Of the 12,598 eligible children, 8,829 (70.1%) had blood samples drawn. Of the total number of children who had samples drawn, 91.8% (n = 8,025) have results for at least nine of the 12 analyses performed. Coverage of the analysis varied from 95% (for vitamins A and E) to 84.2% (for folic acid). Aliquots of whole blood and serum were stored in a biorepository for future analyses. The results of this pioneering study in the country will back the formulation and, when necessary, the reorientation of public policies in food and nutrition.

O objetivo deste artigo é apresentar os aspectos metodológicos referentes à coleta e análise de dados laboratoriais do Estudo Nacional de Alimentação e Nutrição Infantil (ENANI-2019), a cobertura das análises laboratoriais, os desafios enfrentados e as lições aprendidas. Trata-se de um inquérito populacional de base domiciliar de crianças menores de cinco anos realizado em 123 municípios dos 26 estados da Federação e o Distrito Federal. A coleta de sangue por punção venosa foi realizada em domicílio em crianças com idade entre 6 e 59 meses, por coletador experiente de laboratório(s) existente(s) nos municípios amostrados. Foram determinadas as concentrações sanguíneas e séricas de biomarcadores do estado nutricional utilizando os serviços de um laboratório de análises clínicas com abrangência nacional para os seguintes micronutrientes: ferro (hemoglobina e ferritina), zinco, selênio, ácido fólico, vitaminas A, B1, B6, B12, D e E. A proteína C reativa foi analisada como marcador de inflamação. Um código de barras identificador das amostras de sangue foi utilizado para o rastreio da amostra e para a junção dos resultados dos exames bioquímicos com os demais dados coletados na pesquisa. Foram estudadas 14.558 crianças. Das 12.598 elegíveis, 8.829 (70,1%) realizaram coleta de sangue. Do total de crianças que realizaram coleta de sangue, 91,8% (n = 8.025) têm resultados para pelo menos nove das 12 análises realizadas. A cobertura por análise variou de 95% (para vitaminas A e E) a 84,2% (para ácido fólico). Os resultados deste estudo pioneiro subsidiarão a formulação e, quando for o caso, o redirecionamento de políticas públicas de alimentação e nutrição.

El objetivo de este artículo es presentar aspectos metodológicos, respecto a la recogida y análisis de datos de laboratorio del Estudio Nacional de Alimentación y Nutrición Infantil (ENANI-2019), así como la cobertura de los mismos, los desafíos enfrentados y lecciones aprendidas. Se trata de una encuesta poblacional de base domiciliaria con niños menores de cinco años, realizada en 123 municipios de los 26 estados de la Federación y el Distrito Federal. La recogida de sangre por punción venosa se realizó en domicilios con niños, de edades comprendidas entre los 6 y los 59 meses, con la intervención de un flebotomista con experiencia en laboratorio(s) existente(s) en los municipios de muestra. Se determinaron las concentraciones sanguíneas y séricas de biomarcadores del estado nutricional, utilizando los servicios de un laboratorio de análisis clínicos con alcance nacional para los siguientes micronutrientes: hierro (hemoglobina y ferritina), zinc, selenio, ácido fólico, vitaminas A, B1, B6, B12, D y E. La proteína C reactiva se analizó como marcador de inflamación. Un código de barras identificador de las muestras de sangre se utilizó para el rastreo de la muestra y para la conjunción de los resultados de los exámenes bioquímicos con los demás datos recogidos en la investigación. Se estudiaron 14.558 niños. De los 12.598 elegibles, a 8.829 (70,1%) se les sacó sangre. Del total de niños, a quienes se les tomó muestras de sangre, un 91,8% (n = 8.025) obtuvieron resultados para por lo menos nueve de los 12 análisis realizados. La cobertura por análisis varió de un 95% (para vitaminas A y E), a un 84,2% (para ácido fólico). Los resultados de este estudio pionero apoyarán la formulación y, cuando fuera necesario, la redirección de políticas públicas de alimentación y nutrición.

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The objective of this work is to evaluate the correlation between testicular temperature and seminal quality of boars kept in confinement in the region of Cariri Ceará. In the period from October 19, 2019 to July 14, 2020 with two monthly collections at 7 am, ejaculates were collected from 4 healthy boars of initial age of 20 months, crossbred from the Landrace and Large White breeds, and marked with the following numbers 20, 22, 23 and 24 were evaluated and their testicular temperature was also measured. The collected semen showed whitish color and pasty consistency ith an average volume of 441.25mL, average concentration of 383.3 x106 sperm, average motilityof 95%, average vigor of 4.6, average viability of 70% and functionality of membrane 65.5% indexes those ideals. With Pearson's correlation test it was possible to demonstrate a positive correlation between temperature 31.37 °C with motility and vigor and two with a negative correlation between temperature 31.85 and 30.23 °C and sperm concentration respectively -0.913 and -0.974. It was also possible to show that the parameters did not differ from the average. Concluding that there is a correlation, but we should try to study a little more on the subject.

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The objective of this work is to evaluate the correlation between testicular temperature and seminal quality of boars kept in confinement in the region of Cariri Ceará. In the period from October 19, 2019 to July 14, 2020 with two monthly collections at 7 am, ejaculates were collected from 4 healthy boars of initial age of 20 months, crossbred from the Landrace and Large White breeds, and marked with the following numbers 20, 22, 23 and 24 were evaluated and their testicular temperature was also measured. The collected semen showed whitish color and pasty consistency ith an average volume of 441.25mL, average concentration of 383.3 x106 sperm, average motilityof 95%, average vigor of 4.6, average viability of 70% and functionality of membrane 65.5% indexes those ideals. With Pearson's correlation test it was possible to demonstrate a positive correlation between temperature 31.37 °C with motility and vigor and two with a negative correlation between temperature 31.85 and 30.23 °C and sperm concentration respectively -0.913 and -0.974. It was also possible to show that the parameters did not differ from the average. Concluding that there is a correlation, but we should try to study a little more on the subject.(AU)

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Introdução: O microagulhamento é uma técnica utilizada para o tratamento de cicatrizes e apresenta cada vez mais destaque na Dermatologia. Nesse contexto, em associação com o microagulhamento, drogas e ativos podem ser administrados por meio da técnica conhecida como drug delivery. Destaca-se o uso da vitamina C, por sua já comprovada ação antioxidante. Outro exemplo é a andiroba (Carapa guianensis Aubl.), por suas propriedades anti-inflamatória, analgésica, antisséptica e cicatrizante. Objetivo: Avaliar os efeitos da andiroba associada ao microagulhamento. Métodos: Foram utilizados 31 ratos machos distribuídos em cinco grupos: GPi (piloto), com três animais; GM (microagulhamento); GMA (microagulhamento + andiroba); GMV (microagulhamento + vitamina C); e GOM (microagulhamento + óleo mineral), com sete animais em cada grupo. Os animais foram submetidos à técnica do microagulhamento no D0 (dia 0) e à aplicação da substância do seu respectivo grupo, na pele, pela manhã, durante sete dias. Resultados: Houve diferença significativa entre a intensidade de proliferação fibroblástica e a vascularização observadas no tecido dos animais dos grupos GM e GMV. Já a intensidade de fibras colágenas foi superior nos animais do grupo GMV. Conclusões: O óleo de andiroba como drug delivery obteve resultados inferiores à vitamina C.

Introduction: Microneedling is a technique used to treat scars with increasing popularity in dermatology. In this context, associated to micro-needling, drugs and active substances can be administered through the technique known as drug delivery. We highlight the use of vitamin C, due to its known antioxidant properties. Another example is Carapa guianensis Aubl., due to its anti-inflammatory, analgesic, antiseptic and healing properties. Objective: To evaluate the effects of Carapa guyanensis associated to microneedling. Methods: Thirty-one male mice, distributed into five groups, were used: GPi (pilot), with three animals; GM (micro-needling); GMA (micro-needling + Carapa guyanensis); GMV (microneedling + vitamin C); and GOM (microneedling + mineral oil), with seven animals in each group. The animals were submitted to the microneedling technique on D0 (day 0) and to the application of the substance of its respective group in the skin, in the morning for seven days. Results: There was a significant difference between the expression of fibroblast proliferation and vascularization observed in the tissue of animals in groups GM and GMV. The expression of collagen fibers was superior in animals in the GMV group. Conclusions: Carapa guyanensis oil had inferior results as drug delivery when compared to vitamin C.

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Introdução: O microagulhamento é técnica cuja finalidade é o estímulo do colágeno, bem como de drug delivery. O óleo de copaíba apresenta efeitos cicatrizantes e anti-inflamatórios que já foram demonstrados em vários modelos animais. Objetivo: Avaliar o efeito do óleo de copaíba associado ao microagulhamento na pele de ratos. Métodos: Foram utilizados 30 ratos distribuídos em seis grupos com cinco animais cada, submetidos a: microagulhamento isolado, microagulhamento associado a óleo mineral e microagulhamento associado a óleo de copaíba. Foram realizadas biópsias em todos os animais 14 dias e 30 dias após. Os parâmetros avaliados foram presença de colágeno, fibroblastos e vasos, classificada em ausente (0), leve (1), moderada (2) ou intensa (3). Resultados: Houve diferença estatisticamente significante entre os grupos em relação ao colágeno com 14 (p = 0,0091) e 30 dias (p = 0,0357) e fibroblastos com 30 dias (p = 0,0357). O grupo que utilizou microagulhamento e óleo de copaíba, apresentou, após 30 dias, maior produção de colágeno e de fibroblastos. Conclusões: o óleo de copaíba associado ao microagulhamento foi capaz de estimular maior produção de colágeno e de fibroblastos na pele de ratos.

Introduction: Microneedling is a technique aiming at stimulating the production of collagen as well as serving as drug delivery. Copaiba oil has healing and anti-inflammatory effects that have already been demonstrated in several animal models. Objective: To evaluate the effect of copaiba oil associated with microneedle removal on the skin of rats. Methods: Thirty rats were distributed in six groups of five animals each, subsequently undergoing: isolated microneedling, microneedling associated to mineral oil, and microneedling associated with copaiba oil. Biopsies were carried out in all animals at 14 and 30 days after the procedure. The parameters evaluated were: presence of collagen, fibroblasts and vessels, according to the following ratings: absence (0), mild (1), moderated (2) or intense (3). Results: There was a statistically significant difference between the groups regarding the production of collagen at 14 days (p = 0.0091) and 30 days (p = 0.0357); and fibroblasts at 30 days (p = 0.0357). the group that used microneedling and copaiba oil, presented, after 30 days, a greater production of collagen and fibroblasts. Conclusions: Copaiba oil associated with microneedling was capable of stimulating a greater production of collagen and fibroblasts in the skin of rats.

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A preservação do meio ambiente, o uso racional de recursos naturais e a mudança de postura da sociedade frente às questões ambientais têm levado as indústrias a buscar um melhor desempenho nessa área. Aliado a esses fatores, está a constatação de que a geração de rejeitos é sinônimo de perdas econômicas. Desta forma, um melhor desempenho ambiental representa ganhos financeiros para a organização. Em vista disso, este artigo apresenta a Metodologia MAICAPI, desenvolvida para avaliar os impactos e os custos ambientais de processos industriais. Sua aplicação em uma indústria metal-mecânica, fabricante de incineradores industriais, permitiu identificar quais as etapas do processo produtivo apresentam impactos ambientais críticos, revelando as operações que mais contribuem para os custos ambientais dessa empresa.

Nowadays, industries are searching a better environmental performance stimulated by changes in society behavior concerning to environmental issues and reasonable use for natural resources. In addition, companies realized that they have economic losses producing wastes. So, a better environmental perfomance means financial benefits to the organization. This work presents MAICAPI Methodology developed to evaluate environmental impacts and costs in industrial processes. This methodology was applied on an incinerator machine factory and it allowed to identify process phases whose environmental impacts were critics. Besides, the methodology application also identified operations with higher environmental costs in this company.

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Este estudo epidemiológico teve o propósito de verificar a prevalência dos hábitos bucais de sucção na dentadura decídua e dos diferentes tipos de más oclusões deles decorrentes. A amostra foi composta por 2016 crianças de 8 pré-escolas particulares e 12 pré-escolas públicas do município de Bauru-SP, sendo 1032 do gênero masculino e 984 do gênero feminino, estágio de dentadura decídua completa, faixa etária compreendida entre 3 e 6 anos de idade. Os hábitos bucais de sucção estiveram presentes em 48,86 por cento das crianças, sendo mais prevalentes no gênero feminino (54,37 por cento) e nas pré-escolas públicas (54 por cento). As crianças demonstraram menor dependência dos hábitos bucais de sucção com o aumento da idade. Com relação às formas em que os hábitos se exprimem, as mais frequentes foram mamadeira (29,96 por cento) e chupeta (28,95 por cento), seguidas pela associação de hábitos (20,68 por cento), dedo (9,72 por cento) e lábio (0,89 por cento). Dentre as más oclusões associadas aos hábitos, a mais prevalente foi a mordida aberta anterior (50,76 por cento), seguida pela mordida cruzada posterior (18,88 por cento) e pela associação entre mordida aberta anterior e mordida cruzada posterior (10,35 por cento). Cerca de 20 por cento das crianças com hábitos bucais de sucção não exibiam más oclusões em etiologia vinculada à presença deles. Não foi constatado vínculo etiológico entre hábitos bucais de sucção e relação dentária da Classe II

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O presente trabalho epidemiológico reuniu 2016 crianças de 8 pré-escolas particulares e 12 pré-escolas públicas do município de Bauru, São Paulo, Brasil, sendo 1032 do gênero masculino e 984 do gênero feminino, no estágio de dentadura decídua, compreendendo a faixa etária entre 3 e 6 anos. A oclusão normal esteve presente em 26,74 por cento da amostra. Isto significa que 73,26 por cento das crianças apresentaram algum tipo de má-oclusão. Entre as más-oclusões, os seguintes problemas transversais foram diagnosticados: mordida cruzada posterior unilateral (11,65 por cento), mordida aberta anterior associada a mordida cruzada posterior (6,99 por cento), mordida cruzada posterior bilateral (1,19 por cento), mordida cruzada posterior unilateral associada a mordida cruzada anterior (0,79 por cento) e mordida cruzada total (0,19 por cento). A presença de desvio funcional da mandíbula em crianças com mordida cruzada posterior unilateral foi de 91,91 por cento, caracterizando a mordida cruzada posterior unilateral funcional. Os resultados apontam para uma prevalência de mordida cruzada posterior compatível com a literatura, predominando as mordidas cruzadas posteriores unilaterais de caráter funcional.

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O objetivo da presente pesquisa consistiu em determinar a relaçäo dente-osso na dentadura decídua normal. A relaçäo intra-arco foi avaliada em 539 crianças com oclusäo normal (294 do gênero masculino e 245 do gênero feminino) do município de Bauru-SP, no estágio de dentadura decídua completa, compreendendo a faixa etária de 3 a 6 anos. Na amostra estudada, prevaleceu o arco dentário diastemado, seguido pelo arco com ausência de diastemas e, finalmente, pelo arco com apinhamento. Apresentaram apinhamento no estágio de dentadura decídua 6,68 por cento das crianças com oclusäo normal. A prevalência de apinhamento foi de 0,18 por cento para o arco dentário superior, 5,94 por cento para o arco dentário inferior e 0,56 por cento para ambos os arcos dentários

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A relaçäo intra-arco foi avaliada em 2016 crianças (1032 do gênero masculino e 984 do gênero feminino) de 12 pré-escolas particulares do município de Bauru-SP, no estágio de dentadura decídua completa, compreendendo a faixa etária de 3 a 6 anos. Os espaçamentos constituíram característica dominante no arco dentário superior (84,57 por cento) e no arco dentário inferior (81,25 por cento), seguidos pela ausência de diastemas no arco superior (10,51 por cento) e no arco inferior (9,33 por cento). 11,1 por cento das crianças exibiram apinhamento em um ou ambos os arcos dentários. O apinhamento manifestou-se isoladamente nos arcos superior, inferior e em ambos os arcos numa prevalência de 1,68 por cento, 6,20 por cento e 3,22 por cento respectivamente. Este comportamento intra-arco foi semelhante no grupo seleto de crianças com oclusäo normal, nas quais prevaleceu o arco diastemado, seguido pelo arco sem diastemas e pelo arco com apinhamento 6,68 por cento das crianças com oclusäo normal apresentam apinhamento. A prevalência de apinhamento entre as crianças com oclusäo normal foi de 0,18 por cento para o arco dentário superior, 5,94 por cento para o arco dentário inferior e 0,56 por cento para ambos os arcos dentários. Pode-se concluir que os arcos diastemados prevalecem na dentadura decídua, independentemente da presença de má oclusão ou oclusäo normal

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RESUMO

Este estudo trasversal foi delineado para estimar a preferência por açúcares em escolares e diferenças apresentadas por grupos de diferentes inserçöes sociais e econômicas. Adicionalmente, com objetivo de avaliar se a preferência gustativa por açúcar mostrava-se associada à prevalência de cárie, foram examinados 527 escolares do grupo etário 10 a 15 anos, procedentes de dois grupos sociais. O primeiro grupo era oriundo de uma escola da área periférica do município (nD8) e o segundo provinha de uma populaçäo com extremas privaçöes sociais, em processo de desfavelamento (ny). A preferência por açúcar foi avaliada por meio de uma versäo modificada do Sweet Preference Inventory. Cada criança provou 5 soluçöes de um suco de fruta, cuja concentraçäo de açúcar variou de 0 a 1,17 Molar (0 a 400g/mol.). A prevalência de cárie foi avaliada por meio do CPOS. No grupo de maiores privaçöes sociais (Desfavelamento), 28,9 por cento preferiram o suco mais adoçado, enquanto no outro grupo 29,3 por cento preferiram esta soluçäo. Os testes de Mann-Whitney e coeficiente de correlaçäo de Spearman foram aplicados para análise estatística (p<0,05). Os resultados mostraram que o nível socioeconômico näo apresentou influência sobre a preferência por açúcar, mas foi significantemente associado à prevalência de cárie

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