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The objective were to evaluate the effects of supplementation of standardized dry extract of Rosmarinus officinalis (RO) and the application of aesthetic radiofrequency on the oxidative stress markers catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), non-protein thiols (NP-SH), and thiobarbituric acid reactive species (TBARS) and the biochemical markers triglycerides, total cholesterol, high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase (TGO/AST), pyruvic-glutamic transaminase (TGP/ALT), gamma glutamyl transpeptidase (gamma-GT), and creatinine. This study included 32 women received the aesthetic therapy to reduce localized fat. They were divided into the control group (n = 8) receiving placebo capsules and the intervention group (n = 24) subdivided into Group A, B, and C, each with eight members receiving supplementation with 100, 500, and 1000â mg/day of standardized dry extract of RO, respectively. The Universal Trial Number (UTN) - U1111-1274-6255. Supplementation with RO (500â mg/day) demonstrated a reduction in oxidative stress (quantified with through a significant increase in NP-SH and a reduction in SOD and CAT enzymes). The radiofrequency aesthetic treatment did not promote an increase in oxidative stress; however, it caused significant changes in total cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, and creatinine. RO is a plant with antioxidant effects and its oral consumption is safe in selected women subjects in hepatic and renal markers.
Assuntos
Suplementos Nutricionais , Estresse Oxidativo , Extratos Vegetais , Rosmarinus , Humanos , Feminino , Estresse Oxidativo/efeitos dos fármacos , Método Duplo-Cego , Rosmarinus/química , Adulto , Extratos Vegetais/farmacologia , Ondas de Rádio , Superóxido Dismutase/metabolismo , Superóxido Dismutase/sangue , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Biomarcadores/sangue , Antioxidantes/farmacologia , Catalase/metabolismo , Catalase/sangue , Adulto JovemRESUMO
Dangerous driving can cause accidents, injuries and loss of life. An efficient assessment helps to identify the absence or degree of dangerous driving to take the appropriate decisions while driving. Previous studies assess dangerous driving through two approaches: (i) using electronic devices or sensors that provide objective variables (acceleration, turns and speed), and (ii) analyzing responses to questionnaires from behavioral science that provide subjective variables (driving thoughts, opinions and perceptions from the driver). However, we believe that a holistic and more realistic assessment requires a combination of both types of variables. Therefore, we propose a three-phase fuzzy system with a multidisciplinary (computer science and behavioral sciences) approach that draws on the strengths of sensors embedded in smartphones and questionnaires to evaluate driver behavior and social desirability. Our proposal combines objective and subjective variables while mitigating the weaknesses of the disciplines used (sensor reading errors and lack of honesty from respondents, respectively). The methods used are of proven reliability in each discipline, and their outputs feed a combined fuzzy system used to handle the vagueness of the input variables, obtaining a personalized result for each driver. The results obtained using the proposed system in a real scenario were efficient at 84.21%, and were validated with mobility experts' opinions. The presented fuzzy system can support intelligent transportation systems, driving safety, or personnel selection.
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Condução de Veículo , Aceleração , Atitude , Reprodutibilidade dos Testes , Inquéritos e QuestionáriosRESUMO
Through the stigmatization of drug-using People Living on the Streets (PLS) and the reproduction of violence in health services, this paper reflected on this community and the street space beyond the view of decrepitude with which they are usually seen. In this sense, the research contours were shaped from the objective of knowing practice and knowledge constructed in the care processes among the drug-using PLS. A qualitative study was designed, using the triangulation of participant observation techniques, from the inclusion of one of the researchers in a "Street Clinic" (Consultório na Rua), in an inland city of the state of Pernambuco, Brazil, and two types of in-depth individual interviews: the episodic interview and the narrative interview. Three thematic categories were outlined from the data retrieved, as follows: "subjects, territorialities and contexts", "drugs, social problem medicalization, and control", and "harm reduction, singularities and care production in the territory". Thus, understandings about the norms and dichotomies that cross the view of PLS were constructed to consolidate the care offer guided by the perspective of harm reduction.
Mediante o processo de estigmatização existente sobre a População em Situação de Rua que faz uso de drogas e a reprodução de violências nos serviços de saúde, refletiu-se neste artigo sobre esse público e o espaço da rua para além da visão de decrepitude com que costumeiramente são vistos. Nesse sentido, a pesquisa tomou contornos a partir do objetivo de conhecer práticas e saberes construídos nos processos de cuidado entre a População em Situação de Rua usuária de drogas. Para isso, delineou-se um estudo qualitativo, utilizando-se da triangulação das técnicas de observação participante, a partir da inserção de uma das pesquisadoras em um Consultório na Rua, em uma cidade no interior de Pernambuco, e duas modalidades de entrevistas individuais em profundidade: a entrevista episódica e a entrevista narrativa. A partir dos dados obtidos, delineou-se três categorias temáticas: "Sujeitos, territorialidades e contextos", "Drogas, medicalização de problemas sociais e controle" e "Redução de danos, singularidades e produção de cuidado no território". Construíram-se, assim, compreensões sobre as normativas e dicotômicas que atravessam a visão sobre a População em Situação de Rua, pretendendo contribuir para a consolidação da oferta de cuidado orientada pela perspectiva da Redução de Danos.
Assuntos
Pessoas Mal Alojadas , Preparações Farmacêuticas , Transtornos Relacionados ao Uso de Substâncias , Redução do Dano , Humanos , Pesquisa Qualitativa , Transtornos Relacionados ao Uso de Substâncias/epidemiologiaRESUMO
Resumo Mediante o processo de estigmatização existente sobre a População em Situação de Rua que faz uso de drogas e a reprodução de violências nos serviços de saúde, refletiu-se neste artigo sobre esse público e o espaço da rua para além da visão de decrepitude com que costumeiramente são vistos. Nesse sentido, a pesquisa tomou contornos a partir do objetivo de conhecer práticas e saberes construídos nos processos de cuidado entre a População em Situação de Rua usuária de drogas. Para isso, delineou-se um estudo qualitativo, utilizando-se da triangulação das técnicas de observação participante, a partir da inserção de uma das pesquisadoras em um Consultório na Rua, em uma cidade no interior de Pernambuco, e duas modalidades de entrevistas individuais em profundidade: a entrevista episódica e a entrevista narrativa. A partir dos dados obtidos, delineou-se três categorias temáticas: "Sujeitos, territorialidades e contextos", "Drogas, medicalização de problemas sociais e controle" e "Redução de danos, singularidades e produção de cuidado no território". Construíram-se, assim, compreensões sobre as normativas e dicotômicas que atravessam a visão sobre a População em Situação de Rua, pretendendo contribuir para a consolidação da oferta de cuidado orientada pela perspectiva da Redução de Danos.
Abstract Through the stigmatization of drug-using People Living on the Streets (PLS) and the reproduction of violence in health services, this paper reflected on this community and the street space beyond the view of decrepitude with which they are usually seen. In this sense, the research contours were shaped from the objective of knowing practice and knowledge constructed in the care processes among the drug-using PLS. A qualitative study was designed, using the triangulation of participant observation techniques, from the inclusion of one of the researchers in a "Street Clinic" (Consultório na Rua), in an inland city of the state of Pernambuco, Brazil, and two types of in-depth individual interviews: the episodic interview and the narrative interview. Three thematic categories were outlined from the data retrieved, as follows: "subjects, territorialities and contexts", "drugs, social problem medicalization, and control", and "harm reduction, singularities and care production in the territory". Thus, understandings about the norms and dichotomies that cross the view of PLS were constructed to consolidate the care offer guided by the perspective of harm reduction.
Assuntos
Humanos , Pessoas Mal Alojadas , Preparações Farmacêuticas , Transtornos Relacionados ao Uso de Substâncias/epidemiologia , Redução do Dano , Pesquisa QualitativaRESUMO
Zika virus (ZIKV) can be sexually transmitted and can lead to severe neonatal and child health issues. The current study examines whether ZIKV-related ideational factors, including awareness of ZIKV and associated birth defects, are related to modern contraceptive use among women and men with sexual partners in four Latin American and Caribbean (LAC) countries. Data used are from cross-sectional household surveys conducted in 2018 in the Dominican Republic, El Salvador, Guatemala, and Honduras with representative samples of men and women aged 18-49 (N = 1,100). The association between self-reported use of modern contraception and measures of Zika knowledge, risk perceptions and social norms, and contraceptive self-efficacy was examined via sex disaggregated multivariate logistic regression models. Both men (OR 3.70, 95% CI 1.36-10.06, P < 0.05) and women (OR 3.71, 95% CI 2.30-5.99, P < 0.0001), who reported discussing family planning with their partner in the last year were more likely to use modern contraception compared with those who did not. Contrary to our hypothesis, knowledge that ZIKV can affect a fetus was negatively associated with modern contraceptive use for women (OR 0.49, 95% CI 0.29-0.85, P < 0.05). Given the cross-sectional nature of the survey, women not using contraception may be more likely to remember that ZIKV can affect a fetus. In the event of a related outbreak, future health promotion and communication efforts in LAC should focus on known determinants of modern contraceptive use, such as knowledge and partner communication, and knowledge of the health effects of ZIKV if pregnant, to influence family planning decision-making behavior.
Assuntos
Anticoncepção/psicologia , Conhecimentos, Atitudes e Prática em Saúde , Comportamento Sexual/estatística & dados numéricos , Infecção por Zika virus/epidemiologia , Infecção por Zika virus/psicologia , Adolescente , Adulto , Estudos Transversais , República Dominicana/epidemiologia , El Salvador/epidemiologia , Características da Família , Feminino , Guatemala/epidemiologia , Honduras/epidemiologia , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Comportamento Sexual/psicologia , Adulto Jovem , Infecção por Zika virus/prevenção & controleRESUMO
Cervical cancer is associated with infection by certain types of human papillomaviruses (HPVs), and this affects women worldwide. Despite the improvements in prevention and cure of HPV-induced cervical cancer, it remains the second most common type of cancer in women in the least developed regions of the world. Epigenetic modifications are stable long-term changes that occur in the DNA, and are part of a natural evolutionary process of necessary adaptations to the environment. They do not result in changes in the DNA sequence, but do affect gene expression and genomic stability. Epigenetic changes are important in several biological processes. The effects of the environment on gene expression can contribute to the development of numerous diseases. Epigenetic modifications may serve a critical role in cancer cells, by silencing tumor suppressor genes, activating oncogenes, and exacerbating defects in DNA repair mechanisms. Although cervical cancer is directly related to a persistent high-risk HPV infection, several epigenetic changes have been identified in both the viral DNA and the genome of the infected cells: DNA methylation, histone modification and gene silencing by non-coding RNAs, which initiate and sustain epigenetic changes. In the present review, recent advances in the role of epigenetic changes in cervical cancer are summarized.
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The module GA-GID1-DELLA (Gibberellin-Gibberellin Receptor-DELLA proteins) provides a point for the integration of signals potentially relevant in determining nutrient utilisation and acquisition efficiencies. In this study, we explored the role of components of this module during the acclimation of barley plants (Hordeum vulgare L.) to different phosphorus (P) supplies by using two related genotypes, harbouring either the WT or the Sln1d alleles of the DELLA-coding gene Sln1. Dwarf Sln1d plants exhibited reduced shoot P utilisation efficiency (PUtE) and better performance at low levels of P supply. The superior PUtE displayed by WT plants disappeared when corrected by internal P concentration, indicating that multiple analyses are necessary to fully understand the meaning of PUtE estimates. Over a wide range of external supplies of P, Sln1d plants displayed enhanced P concentration, which was associated with low relative growth rate, high biomass partitioning to roots and high P-uptake-rate, thus suggesting that the effect of the Sln1d allele on P dynamics is not simply a consequence of slow growth habit. An enhanced P concentration was also found in a mutant with defective GAs-synthesis. Our results suggest that components of the GA-GID1-DELLAs module contribute to set the acclimation response of barley plants to low P supply through both P-dynamics dependent and P-dynamics independent mechanisms.
Assuntos
Hordeum , Alelos , Giberelinas , Hordeum/genética , Fósforo , Proteínas de Plantas/genéticaRESUMO
BACKGROUND: In 2015, an outbreak of Zika virus spread across Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC). Public health programs promoted vector control behaviors, including covering water storage containers with lids. Such approaches disrupt Zika transmission by eliminating the habitats of the Aedes aegypti mosquito, which breeds in stagnant water. METHODS: A quantitative household survey and observation checklist with trained enumerators were undertaken between August and October 2018 in selected urban/peri-urban USAID implementation communities in El Salvador, Guatemala, and Honduras. The survey included questions regarding knowledge, attitudes, and practices related to Zika virus. An accompanying checklist was implemented to observe water storage containers, including for short-term and long-term water use. The characteristics of these containers were tabulated, including the presence of a lid. The lids were examined for key features to determine their potential effectiveness to prevent mosquito breeding: fully covering and sealing the container, not having holes, and not having water on them (potentially creating a secondary breeding site). Multivariate logistic regression was used to estimate the effectiveness of lid types and characteristics on the presence of larvae. RESULTS: Overall, in adjusted models, using an effective lid versus no lid was associated with a 94% decrease in odds of larval presence in long-term water storage containers (odds ratio = 0.06; 95% confidence interval [0.029, 0.152]); however, similar impacts were not observed for washbasins in the adjusted models. Models adjusted for household wealth, receiving a visit from a vector control technician, scrubbing the container in the last 7 days, and perception of more mosquitoes around. CONCLUSIONS: Effective lids, if made available and coupled with complementary behavioral messaging, may reduce transmission of Zika and other Aedes mosquito-borne diseases in the LAC region.
Assuntos
Ecossistema , Larva/fisiologia , Controle de Mosquitos/métodos , Mosquitos Vetores/fisiologia , Abastecimento de Água , Infecção por Zika virus/prevenção & controle , Animais , Surtos de Doenças/prevenção & controle , El Salvador , Características da Família , Guatemala , Honduras , Humanos , Mosquitos Vetores/virologia , Infecção por Zika virus/transmissãoRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Choroid plexus papillomas (CPPs) are benign extra-axial tumors that originate from the choroid plexus; these tumors rarely have metastases, being at the spinal level the location with few reported cases. CASE DESCRIPTION: We report the case of a 48-year-old man with a history of atypical fourth ventricular CPP and gross total resection (GTR) in 2008. In 2015, he presented with radicular pain, decreased strength, and paresthesia in the left leg. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed a well-defined intradural ovoid lesion in the vertebral canal at the level of the L3-L4 intersomatic space. Subtotal resection of the tumor was performed. The patient recovered well, with relief of pain and no neurological deficit. A literature research few cases of CPP metastasis in adults. We describe here a fifth-decade male patient with a lumbar neoplasm, which according to the histopathologic characteristics and location is the first case of an atypical papilloma implant of the choroid plexus at this spinal level. CONCLUSION: GTR of primary lesions and associated implants remains the gold standard for surgical treatment of CPP. Radiotherapy, stereotactic radiosurgery, and chemotherapy are adjuvant therapies for CPP but there is no definitive protocol for the management of implants. Proper follow-up of these patients is essential since spinal drop can appear many years after the initial presentation of CPP.
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La cardiopatía isquémica es la causa más frecuente de morbimortalidad a nivel mundial. La artritis reumatoide (AR) se asocia con el desarrollo prematuro de enfermedades cardiovasculares y la esperanza de vida se reduce principalmente debido a un incremento en la muerte cardiovascular. Se realizó un estudio retrospectivo de revisión de historias médicas con el objetivo de describir el perfil clínico de los pacientes con cardiopatía isquémica y AR que acudieron a la Unidad de Prevención Secundaria y Rehabilitación Cardiovascular del Centro Cardiovascular Regional Centro Occidental desde enero 2013 hasta diciembre 2018. Se incluyeron 37 pacientes con diagnóstico de AR que presentaron algún evento coronario. Ell 62% de los pacientes eran del sexo femenino con una edad media de 59 ± 11 años; el 65% tenían menos de 10 años de diagnóstico de AR. El sedentarismo representó el factor más frecuente (92%), seguido de HTA (76%), tabaquismo (73%), DM (43%), antecedentes familiares de cardiopatía isquémica (24%), obesidad (22%), dislipidemia (16%) y ERC (11%); el tipo de evento coronario más frecuente fue el IMsEST (43%). El análisis multivariado no mostró relación estadísticamente significativa entre número de factores de riesgo y tiempo de duración de la AR con la presencia de lesiones coronarias. El sedentarismo fue el factor de riesgo más frecuente en esta población especial sin embargo el comportamiento de los factores de riesgo tradicionales para cardiopatía isquémica en los pacientes con AR no difiere del de la población general...(AU)
Ischemic heart disease is the most frequent cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is associated with premature development of cardiovascular disease and life expectancy is mainly reduced due to an increase in cardiovascular death. A descriptive and retrospective review of medical charts was conducted with the objective of describing the clinical profile of patients with ischemic heart disease and RA who attended the Unidad de Prevención Secundaria y Rehabilitación Cardiovascular del Centro Cardiovascular Regional Centro Occidental from January 2013 to December 2018. 37 patients with RA diagnosis who presented a coronary event were included. The results show that 62% of patients were female with a mean age of 59 ± 11 years; 65% had less than 10 years of diagnosis of RA. Sedentary lifestyle represented the most frequent factor (92%), followed by HTA (76%), smoking (73%), DM (43%), family history of ischemic heart disease (24%), obesity (22%), dyslipidemia (16%) and finally CKD (11%); the most frequent type of coronary event was the IMsEST (43%). The multivariate analysis showed no statistically significant relationship between the number of risk factors and the duration of RA with the presence of coronary lesions. Sedentary lifestyle was the most frequent risk factor in this population however the behavior of traditional risk factors for ischemic heart disease in patients with RA does not differ from the general population...(AU)
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Artrite Reumatoide , Fatores de Risco , Isquemia Miocárdica/fisiopatologia , Técnicas de Laboratório Clínico , Doenças Cardiovasculares , Reabilitação CardíacaRESUMO
BACKGROUND: The enzyme farnesyl diphosphate synthase (FPPS) is positioned in the intersection of different sterol biosynthesis pathways such as those producing isoprenoids, dolichols and ergosterol. FPPS is ubiquitous in eukaryotes and is inhibited by nitrogen-containing bisphosphonates (N-BP). N-BP activity and the mechanisms of cell death as well as damage to the ultrastructure due to N-BP has not yet been investigated in Leishmania infantum and Giardia. Thus, we evaluated the effect of N-BP on cell viability and ultrastructure and then performed structural modelling and phylogenetic analysis on the FPPS enzymes of Leishmania and Giardia. METHODS: We performed multiple sequence alignment with MAFFT, phylogenetic analysis with MEGA7, and 3D structural modelling for FPPS with Modeller 9.18 and on I-Tasser server. We performed concentration curves with N-BP in Leishmania promastigotes and Giardia trophozoites to estimate the IC50via the MTS/PMS viability method. The ultrastructure was evaluated by transmission electron microscopy, and the mechanism of cell death by flow cytometry. RESULTS: The nitrogen-containing bisphosphonate risedronate had stronger anti-proliferative activity in Leishmania compared to other N-BPs with an IC50 of 13.8 µM, followed by ibandronate and alendronate with IC50 values of 85.1 µM and 112.2 µM, respectively. The effect of N-BPs was much lower on trophozoites of Giardia than Leishmania (IC50 of 311 µM for risedronate). Giardia treated with N-BP displayed concentric membranes around the nucleus and nuclear pyknosis. Leishmania had mitochondrial swelling, myelin figures, double membranes, and plasma membrane blebbing. The same population labelled with annexin-V and 7-AAD had a loss of membrane potential (TMRE), indicative of apoptosis. Multiple sequence alignments and structural alignments of FPPS proteins showed that Giardia and Leishmania FPPS display low amino acid identity but possess the conserved aspartate-rich motifs. CONCLUSIONS: Giardia and Leishmania FPPS enzymes are phylogenetically distant but display conserved protein signatures. The N-BPs effect on FPPS was more pronounced in Leishmania than Giardia. This might be due to general differences in metabolism and differences in the FPPS catalytic site.
Assuntos
Proliferação de Células/efeitos dos fármacos , Difosfonatos/farmacologia , Geraniltranstransferase/química , Giardia/enzimologia , Giardia/ultraestrutura , Leishmania/enzimologia , Leishmania/ultraestrutura , Aminoácidos/genética , Morte Celular/efeitos dos fármacos , Sobrevivência Celular/efeitos dos fármacos , Geraniltranstransferase/antagonistas & inibidores , Giardia/efeitos dos fármacos , Concentração Inibidora 50 , Leishmania/efeitos dos fármacos , Microscopia Eletrônica de Transmissão , Filogenia , Alinhamento de Sequência , Relação Estrutura-AtividadeRESUMO
Introducción: Los sistemas de puntuación fisiológica neonatal SNAP-II y SNAPPE-II (puntaje extendido) desempeñan un papel importante en la predicción de mortalidad. El objetivo del presente estudio fue contrastar estas escalas en pacientes ingresados a una Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos Neonatales (UCIN) y realizar un test diagnóstico para predicción de mortalidad. Métodos: Este estudio observacional analítico fue realizado en la UCIN del Hospital GinecoObstétrico Isidro Ayora, Quito-Ecuador en diciembre 2014 a noviembre 2015. Se incluyeron todos los posibles casos analizables. Las variables edad gestacional, sexo, variables clínicas del puntaje SNAP II, SNAPPE-II y mortalidad. El Grupo 1 (G1): Neonatos con fallecimiento, Grupo 2 (G2): Neonatos vivos. Se calculó Sensibilidad (S), Especificidad (E), Valor Predictivo Positivo (VPP), Valor Predictivo Negativo (VPN) de cada Puntaje. Resultados: 200 casos fueron incluidos. Componentes del Puntaje SNAP II: Tensión arterial media, temperatura Corporal y PaO2/FiO2 no tuvieron diferencias entre grupos. El pH en G1: n=48 fue de 7.25 ±0.16 en G2: n=152 fue de 7.32 ±0.13 (P=0.005). Flujo Urinario en G1: 1 ±1.27 en G2: 2.7 ±2.2 (P<0.001). En SNAPPE II, el APGAR al 5to minuto, y pequeño para edad gestacional , sin diferencias estadísticas. Puntaje SNAP II: S:79.2%, E:60.5%, VPP:38.8%, VPN:90.2%. Puntaje SNAPPE-II: S:93.8%, E:45.4%, VPP:35.2%, VPN:95.8%. Conclusión: El puntaje SNAPPE-II es el mejor predictor de mortalidad, y se recomienda su uso al ingreso de los pacientes en las UCIN
Introduction: The SNAP-II and SNAPPE-II (extended scoring) neonatal physiological scoring systems play an important role in the prediction of mortality. The objective of the present study was to contrast these scales in patients admitted to a Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU) and to carry out a diagnostic test to predict mortality. Methods: This analytical observational study was carried out in the NICU of the Isidro Ayora Gyneco-Obstetric Hospital, Quito-Ecuador from December 2014 to November 2015. All possible analysable cases were included. The variables gestational age, sex, clinical variables of the SNAP II, SNAPPE-II score and mortality. Group 1 (G1): Neonates with death, Group 2 (G2): Neonates alive. Sensitivity (S), Specificity (E), Positive Predictive Value (PPV), Negative Predictive Value (NPV) of each Score were calculated. Results: 200 cases were included. Components of the SNAP II Score: Mean arterial pressure, Body temperature and PaO2 / FiO2 did not differ between groups. The pH in G1: n = 48 was 7.25 ± 0.16 in G2: n = 152 it was 7.32 ± 0.13 (P = 0.005). Urinary flow in G1: 1 ± 1.27 in G2: 2.7 ± 2.2 statistical differences. SNAP II score: S: 79.2%, E: 60.5%, PPV: 38.8%, NPV: 90.2%. SNAPPE-II score: S: 93.8%, E: 45.4%, PPV: 35.2%, NPV: 95.8%. Conclusion: The SNAPPE-II score is the best predictor of mortality, and its use is recommended when patients are admitted to the NICU
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Humanos , Recém-Nascido , Unidades de Terapia Intensiva Neonatal , Mortalidade InfantilRESUMO
Introducción: La tuberculosis es una enfermedad reemergente, importante como causa mayor de incapacidad y muerte en muchas zonas del mundo. La tuberculosis intestinal representa 11 por ciento de todas las formas extrapulmonares; 0,5 por ciento de todos los casos nuevos de y el 10 al 15 por ciento en los no infectados por el VIH. En el municipio Tunas se notificó el caso de un adolescente de 17 años, masculino, al que se le diagnostica esta enfermedad luego de haber presentado síntomas de dolor abdominal recurrente durante de varios meses antes del diagnóstico. Objetivo: Actualizar la información sobre el diagnóstico y tratamiento de la tuberculosis intestinal. Métodos: Se realizó una revisión bibliográfica sobre tuberculosis intestinal con la literatura encontrada en bases de datos disponibles en la red Infomed: PubMed, Hinari, The Cochrane Library, SciELO, MEDLINE y MedicLatina; con un enfoque histórico-lógico y de análisis-síntesis. Conclusiones: El diagnóstico precoz de la tuberculosis intestinal sin tuberculosis pulmonar activa continúa siendo un problema de salud, ya que los parámetros clínicos, bioquímicos, imagenológicos y endoscópicos aún carecen de especificidad, y en algunos casos se ha mostrado resistencia al tratamiento habitual(AU)
Introduction: Tuberculosis is a reemerging disease, also important as a major cause of disability and death in many regions of the world. Abdominal tuberculosis represents 11 percent of all extrapulmonary forms; 0.5 percent of all new cases of HIV infection and 10-15 percent of those not infected with HIV. In Las Tunas Municipality, the case of a 17-year-old male adolescent who was diagnosed with this disease was reported after the patient presented symptoms of recurrent abdominal pain for several months before diagnosis. Objective: To update information on the diagnosis and treatment of abdominal tuberculosis. Methods: A literature review on intestinal tuberculosis was carried out with the literature found in databases available on the Infomed network, such as PubMed, Hinari, The Cochrane Library, SciELO, MEDLINE, and MedicLatina, with a historical-logical and analysis-synthesis approach. Conclusions: The early diagnosis of intestinal tuberculosis without active pulmonary tuberculosis continues to be a health concern, since clinical, biochemical, imaging, and endoscopic parameters still lack specificity, and, in some cases, resistance to usual treatment has been shown(AU)
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Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Tuberculose Gastrointestinal/diagnóstico , Tuberculose Gastrointestinal/tratamento farmacológico , Tuberculose Gastrointestinal/epidemiologia , Tomografia Computadorizada por Raios X/métodosRESUMO
Introdução: os recursos ergogênicos nutricionais (RENs) são substâncias utilizadas por praticantes de exercício físico e atletas para melhora do desempenho. Dentre os diversos tipos destes Ren´s, os suplementos termogênicos e emagrecedores vêm sendo amplamente utilizados devido aos seus efeitos no aumento da oxidação de metabolismo de lipídios que impactam na redução da composição corporal, entretanto contêm substancias que agem no sistema nervoso central e podem causar efeitos colaterais e estão sendo amplamente utilizadas de forma indiscriminada e sem orientação. Objetivo: descrever em síntese os principais efeitos dos recursos ergogênicos emagrecedores identificando suas principais consequências à saúde humana. Metodologia: foi realizado revisão narrativa de literatura acessando artigos científicos encontrados nas bases de dados Scielo, Google Acadêmico e Pubmed, pesquisando pelos seguintes descritores: suplementação, emagrecimento, efeitos ergogênicos, efeitos colaterais. Desenvolvimento: Os suplementos termogênicos emagrecedores que agem no sistema nervoso central; efedrina, 1,3-dimetilamilamina promovem muitos efeitos colaterais e risco cardíaco. A cafeína quando bem administrada apresenta efeitos desejáveis, entretanto tem variações individuais e L-Carnitina, demonstrou efeitos metabólicos na oxidação de lipídios, entretanto não estão totalmente esclarecidos. Conclusão: Sugere-se não consumir estes suplementos termogênicos e emagrecedores com ação no sistema nervoso, pois podem causar morte. Por outro lado, a adoção de estilo de vida saudável pode contribuir para o emagrecimento.
Introduction: ergogenic nutritional resources (REN's) are substances used by physical exercise practitioners and athletes to improve performance. Among the various types of Ren's, thermogenic and weight loss supplements have been widely used due to their effects on the increase of oxidation of lipid metabolism that impact on the reduction of body composition, but it contains substances that act on the central nervous system and can cause effects collaterals and are being widely used indiscriminately and without guidance. Objective: to describe in brief the main effects of the ergogenic resources, identifying the main consequences in human health. Methodology: a literature review was carried out by accessing scientific articles found in the Scielo, Google Academic and Pubmed databases, the following descriptors were used: supplementation, weight loss, ergogenic effects, side effects. Development: Thermogenic weight loss supplements that act on the central nervous system; ephedrine, 1,3-dimethylamylamine promote many side effects and heart risk. While well-administered caffeine has desirable effects, however, it has individual variations and L-Carnitine has demonstrated metabolic effects on lipid oxidation, but they are not fully understood. Conclusion: However, it is suggested not to consume these thermogenic and weight loss supplements with action in the nervous system because they are at risk of death. On the other hand, adopting a healthy lifestyle can contribute to weight loss.
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Fármacos Antiobesidade , Estado NutricionalRESUMO
KEY MESSAGE: A complementary gene to LrSV2 for specific adult plant leaf rust resistance in wheat was mapped on chromosome 4BL, tightly linked to Lr12 / 31. LrSV2 is a race-specific adult plant leaf rust (Puccinia triticina) resistance gene on subdistal chromosome 3BS detected in the cross of the traditional Argentinean wheat (Triticum aestivum) variety Sinvalocho MA and the experimental line Gama6. The analysis of the cross of R46 [recombinant inbred line (RIL) derived from Sinvalocho MA carrying LrSV2 gene and the complementary gene Lrc-SV2 identified in the current paper] and the commercial variety Relmo Siriri (not carrying neither of these two genes) allowed the detection of the unlinked complementary gene Lrc-SV2 because the presence of one dominant allele of both is necessary to express the LrSV2-specific adult plant resistance. Lrc-SV2 was mapped within a 1-cM interval on chromosome 4BL using 100 RILs from the cross Sinvalocho MA × Purple Straw. This genetic system resembles the Lr27+31 seedling resistance reported in the Australian varieties Gatcher and Timgalen where interacting genes map at similar chromosomal positions. However, in high-resolution maps, Lr27 and LrSV2 were already mapped to adjacent intervals on 3BS and Lrc-SV2 map position on 4BL is distal to the reported Lr12/31-flanking microsatellites.
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Basidiomycota/patogenicidade , Resistência à Doença/genética , Genes de Plantas , Doenças das Plantas/genética , Triticum/genética , Alelos , Mapeamento Cromossômico , Cruzamentos Genéticos , Genes Dominantes , Marcadores Genéticos , Genótipo , Repetições de Microssatélites , Doenças das Plantas/microbiologia , Triticum/microbiologiaRESUMO
Resumen Objetivo: Determinar los factores protectores familiares que previenen el uso de sustancias psicoactivas en los estudiantes del grado quinto de primaria de la Institución Educativa San Luis Gonzaga de Chicoral, corregimiento de El Espinal (Tolima). Materiales y métodos: La metodología utilizada fue de tipo cuantitativo, descriptivo y transversal. El análisis y procesamiento de la información se llevó a cabo mediante la utilización del paquete estadístico Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) versión 18. La recolección de la información se realizó a través de la aplicación de una encuesta, una escala tipo Lickert autoaplicable. La muestra estuvo constituida por un total de 130 estudiantes de quinto de primaria de la institución educativa pertenecientes al estrato 1 y 2 de acuerdo con el régimen subsidiado Sisbén. Resultados: Para la realización del análisis se empleó la estadística descriptiva con tablas de frecuencias, figuras de barras y cruces de variables. Conclusiones: El estudio permitió reconocer la importancia que tienen los factores protectores para el desarrollo integral y saludable de los adolescentes. La comunicación es un posibilitador de los factores protectores familiares. El fenómeno de consumo de SPA no tiene características diferenciales para el contexto urbano y el contexto rural.
Abstract Objetive: To determine the family protective factors that prevent the use of psychoactive substances in fifth grade students of the San Luis Gonzaga Educational Institution of Chicoral, El Espinal (Tolima). Materials and methods: The methodology used was quantitative, descriptive and cross-sectional. Data analysis and processing was carried out using the statistical package Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS), version 18. The information was collected through the application of a survey, a type scale Self-applying Lickert. The sample consisted of a total of 130 fifth grade students from the educational institution belonging to stratum 1 and 2 according to the subsidized Sisbén regime. Results: Descriptive statistics were used for the analysis, with tables of frequencies, bar figures and crosses of variables. Conclusions: The study made it possible to recognize the importance of protective factors for the integral and healthy development of adolescents. Communication is an enabler of family protective factors. The phenomenon of SPA consumption does not have differential characteristics for the urban context and the rural context.
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Despite decades of evolution of minimally invasive surgery on humans, only in recent years it has been included in veterinary practice. Publications on this subject have increased significantly in the last five years. However, its development in Colombia is very limited despite the advantages of this technique. The first interventions in Medellin were conducted on horses during year 2000. Veterinarians from the Center for Veterinary and Animal Science at CES University began training and conducted laparoscopic surgeries on dogs in 2006. At present, only the abovementioned veterinary hospital performs minimally invasive procedures in abdomen and thorax routinely on small animals, and only the Master´s program in Veterinary Medicine for Small Animal Species of the same university provides basic training in this field. Minimally invasive surgery techniques quickly gain spaces in veterinary practice throughout the world and constitute an alternative career development in Colombia.
A pesar de las décadas de evolución de la cirugía de mínima invasión en seres humanos, solo en años recientes se ha extendido de forma importante su uso en la práctica quirúrgica veterinaria. Las publicaciones en el tema aumentaron significativamente en los últimos 5 años, no obstante, el desarrollo en Colombia es muy limitado a pesar de las ventajas que ofrece la técnica.En el año 2000, en la ciudad de Medellín, los primeros veterinarios interesados en el área iniciaron entrenamientos y se efectuaron las primeras intervenciones en equinos. Durante el 2006, médicos veterinarios del Centro de Veterinaria y Zootecnia de la Universidad CES realizaron el adiestramiento y comenzaron a realizar cirugías laparoscópicas en caninos. Al momento de escribir el presente artículo, sólo el hospital veterinario mencionado realiza procedimientos de mínima invasión en abdomen y tórax de forma rutinaria en pequeños animales y sólo el programa de Maestría en Medicina Veterinaria de Pequeñas Especies Animales de la misma universidad, ofrece entrenamientos básicos para sus estudiantes. Las técnicas de cirugía de mínima invasión rápidamente ganan espacios en la práctica quirúrgica veterinaria en el mundo y se constituyen en una alternativa de desarrollo de la profesión en el país y una alternativa de evolución profesional en el área de cirugía veterinaria.
Ainda que a cirurgia de mínima invasão tem evolucionado muito em seres humanos desde faz muito tempo, só em anos recentes tem se estendido de forma importante seu uso na pratica cirúrgica veterinária. As publicações no tema aumentaram significativamente nos últimos cinco anos, não obstante, o desenvolvimento na Colômbia é muito limitado embora as vantagens que oferece a técnica. No ano 2000, na cidade de Medellín, os primeiros médicos veterinários interessados na área iniciaram treinamentos e foram efetuadas as primeiras intervenções em equinos. Durante o ano 2006, médicos veterinários do Centro de Veterinária e Zootecnia da Universidade CES, realizaram o adestramento e começaram a realizar cirurgias laparoscópicas em caninos. Ao momento de escrever o presente artigo, só no hospital veterinário mencionado realiza-se procedimentos de mínima invasão em abdômen e tórax de forma rotineira em pequenos animais e só no programa de mestrado em Medicina Veterinária de pequenas espécies animais da mesma universidade oferece-se treinamentos básicos aos seus estudantes. As técnicas de cirurgia de mínima invasão rapidamente ganham espaços na pratica cirúrgica veterinária no mundo e se constituem em uma alternativa de desenvolvimento da profissão no pais e uma alternativa de evolução profissional na área da cirurgia veterinária.
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This study evaluates the risk factors associated with the diagnosis of chronic chagasic miocardiopathy (CChM) in 115 seropositive individuals to anti-Trypanosoma cruzi antibodies, in Barinas state, Venezuela. Serology was performed with ELISA and MABA; while the CChM diagnosis was established by electrocardiography and echocardiography. A complete clinical history including epidemiological, personal/familiar antecedents and psychobiological habits, plus socioeconomic, psychosocial and alimentary habits interviews were performed for each individual. Risk factors were determined through binary logistic regression. Results showed that 81 patients (70,4%; CI 95% = 66.4-74.4) had criteria for CChM, of which 74 (64.4%; IC 95% = 60.2-68.6) were in phase II; while 34 (29.6%; IC 95% = 25.5-33.5) were in phase I of the disease and 7 (6.1%; IC 95% = 4.0-8.2) in phase III. In a one year period, two patients in phase III died of heart failure. The diagnosis of CChM was associated with hunting practice, maternal history of cardiopathies, chewing chimó, medical history of hypertension and apex beat visible; it was negatively associated with canned and preserved foods ingest. In conclusion the CChM diagnosis has high frequency in seropositive individuals in Barinas and heart failure prevention must be based on an early medical attention and educative strategies in order to control risk factors.