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Bovine Papillomaviruses (BPVs) constitute a diverse group within the Papillomaviridae family, playing a crucial role in bovine health and economic considerations. This study investigates the dynamics of vertical transmission of BPV in cattle, focusing on five cows and their reproductive tissues, as well as three gravid cows and their fetuses. DNA and RNA samples were extracted from the warts, fetal skin, placenta, uterus, ovary, and blood of cows, as well as the skin and blood of fetuses. Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) targeted BPV types 1-6 and 8-14, was assessed in both cows and fetuses. Additionally, Reverse Transcription PCR (RT-PCR) examined BPV-2 E5 oncogene expression in the skin and reproductive sites of mother cows and fetuses. Our findings unveil a rich diversity of BPV types, including BPV-2, 3, 9, 10, 12, and 14, present in both maternal and fetal tissues. Intriguingly, certain types, namely BPV-4, 6, 8, and 11, were exclusively identified in maternal tissues A higher diversity of BPVs was observed in cow warts, followed by cow blood, fetal blood, and fetal skin. Strikingly similar BPV types in gravid cow blood and fetuses suggest primary dissemination through the bloodstream and transmission via the placenta, though detected in lower numbers in cow uterus and ovary. Histopathological analysis revealed no abnormalities in the reproductive tissues despite the presence of BPV. However, in one bladder sample from a cow that did not consume bracken fern, urothelial neoplasia in situ was observed. The study extends beyond detection, exploring the expression of the BPV-2 E5 oncogene in fetal tissues, providing insights into potential cell implications. Comparative analyses with previous studies highlight the uniqueness of our investigation, encompassing a broader array of BPV types in the gravid cows and their fetuses. The findings not only establish a foundation for further investigations into the mechanisms of vertical transmission but also highlight the need for targeted interventions and surveillance strategies to mitigate potential health risks associated with specific BPV types.

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In this double-blind placebo-controlled randomized investigation, we assessed the tolerability of glutamine in older adults recruited from three daycare centers. The relevance of studying glutamine supplementation in elderly patients lies in its potential to provide a well-tolerated intervention. Glutamine, a crucial amino acid, plays a vital role in various physiological processes, including immune function and protein synthesis. Understanding its impact on older adults is essential, given the potential implications for their health and well-being. Participants received a daily dose of 12.4 g of oral effervescent glutamine (EGln group) or maltodextrin (placebo group) for 60 days. Fifteen patients from each group completed the study. The mean ages were 77.0±9.1 and 79.0±6.9 years for the EGln and placebo groups, respectively. We evaluated body mass index, aminogram, hemogram, plasma levels of glucose, prealbumin, albumin, urea, creatinine, uric acid, C-reactive protein, vitamin D, calcium, sodium, potassium, and the plasma activities of aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase. Notably, we quantified a broad array of inflammatory markers and growth factors providing a holistic understanding of the potential effects of glutamine supplementation. The results demonstrated that oral glutamine did not induce significant changes in any evaluated parameters, and no adverse effects were reported. This finding suggested that the dosage of glutamine used in this study was well-tolerated and safe. This information contributes to the broader understanding of glutamine supplementation, emphasizing its safety and supporting its potential as a viable intervention for maintaining health in aging individuals.

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Microbiome components and bacterial isolates related to healthy and epitheliocystis states in aquaculture cycles of cobia fish were studied. We detected well-defined 16S rRNA amplicon gene sequence variants showing differential abundance in healthy or diseased cycles. Isolation trials were performed, and experimental tests were used to determine probiotic potential of the bacterial strains obtained from water, tissues or live food used in this aquaculture model. The taxonomic affiliation of these strains was cross-compared against microbiome components, finding that some of them had close or identical affiliation to the abundant types found in healthy cycles. Strains belonging to the groups already identified as predominant by culture-independent means were screened as potential probiotics based on desirable activities such as antagonism and antibiosis against marine pathogenic bacteria, quorum quenching, bile acid resistance, antibiotic sensitivity and enzymatic activities for improved nutrient digestion. We have also found that in the tracking of microbiome composition across different developmental stages of cobia, healthy cycles exhibited a consistent high relative abundance of a Mesobacillus sp., while in the diseased cycle the emergence of a Vibrio sp. was observed. Our study suggests that epithelocystis in cobia is associated with a displacement of a symbiotic microbiome community linked to the increase frequency of Vibrio species.

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The study aimed to measure serum fatty acids (FAs) composition in HIV carrier patients and compare it with non-HIV carrier patients. The FAs composition was measured by gas chromatography as follows: four saturated FAs myristic acid (14:0), palmitic acid (16:0), stearic acid (18:0), and docosanoic acid (22:0); four monounsaturated FAs 7-hexadecenoic acid (16:1 n-9), palmitoleic acid (16:1 n-7), oleic acid (18:1 n-9), and vaccenic acid (18:1 n-7); and three polyunsaturated FAs linoleic acid (18:2 n-6), dihomo-γ-linolenic acid (20:3 n-6), and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, 22:6 n-3). We reported herein lower (P < .05) DHA concentration (by 40%) in the serum of HIV carrier patients than in non-HIV carrier patients. This FA has a pivotal role as a precursor of anti-inflammatory molecules with beneficial effects on metabolism, cardiovascular system, and immunological system. Even though most clinical studies reported beneficial effects of DHA supplementation in HIV carrier patients, this issue remains under debate. Further investigations then require to fully clarify the role of DHA in preventing or alleviating the comorbidities associated with HIV infection.

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O tratamento endodôntico frequentemente leva à perda de parte coronária de um elemento dentário, seja pelo enfraquecimento de sua estrutura, por lesões traumáticas ou por cárie. Desde que em condições favoráveis, esses dentes podem ser restaurados por meio de retenção adequada provida por meio de retentores intrarradiculares. Os pinos de quartzo utilizados como retentor intrarradicular surgiram com os avanços da odontologia adesiva, sendo uma opção relevante com inúmeras vantagens. A literatura odontológica aponta que a adaptação do pino às paredes do conduto radicular, somada a técnica de cimentação adesiva, são fatores essenciais para a longevidade do tratamento, sendo necessário em alguns casos sua personalização, para garantir melhor assentamento e promover prognóstico favorável. Objetivou-se neste artigo apresentar a técnica de preparo, personalização e cimentação do pino de quartzo na reconstrução de um dente tratado endodonticamente ilustrado por meio de caso clínico. Através de um protocolo ordenado e meticuloso da técnica de aplicação, foi possível alcançar o resultado desejado(AU)

Endodontic treatment often leads to loss of the coronary part of a tooth, either by weakening its structure, by traumatic lesions or by caries. Since under faborable conditions, these teetn can be restored by means of the biomechanical reinforcement promoted by the intraradicular retainers. The quartz posts have appeared with the advances of restorative dentistry, being a relevant option with numerous advantages. The dental literature indicates that the adaptation of the post to the root canal walls, together with the adhesive cementation technique, are essential factors for the longevity of the treatmet, being necessary in some cases its personalization, which guarantees its better settlement, avoiding the impression of undesirable forces to the tooth anf promoting better prognosis. The objective was to present the technique of preparation, personalization and cementation of the quartz post in the reconstruction of an endodontically treated tooth. Through an orderly and meticulous protocol of the application technique, it was possible to achieve the desired result(AU)

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The impact of oral supplementation with an effervescent glutamine formulation on the beneficial effects of antiretroviral therapies was evaluated in people living with HIV/AIDS. For this purpose, 12 HIV/AIDS carrier patients with CD4+ T cell counts <500, and who had received the same antiretroviral therapy for at least 1 year before starting this investigation were selected. The patients were required to dissolve the effervescent glutamine formulation (supplied in sachets) in water immediately before oral ingestion (12.4 g), once a day, after lunch or after dinner during 30 days. CD4+ T cell counts, complete blood cell counts, serum cytokines, and amino acids levels were quantified; biochemical and toxicological measurements were performed. The numbers of CD4+ T cells were increased (P < .05), and the serum C-reactive protein levels decreased (P < .01) after the administration of effervescent glutamine formulation. Serum levels of interferon-gamma inducible protein-10, RANTES, and macrophage inflammatory protein-1ß were decreased after the treatment with effervescent glutamine formulation. No changes were observed in the serum levels of amino acids, hematological, toxicological, and biochemical parameters. In conclusion, the treatment during 30 days with effervescent glutamine formulation was well tolerated, promoted reduction of inflammation, and improved the beneficial effects of antiretroviral therapies in HIV/AIDS carrier patients.

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The study aimed to measure serum fatty acids (FAs) composition in HIV carrier patients and compare it with non-HIV carrier patients. The FAs composition was measured by gas chromatography as follows: four saturated FAs myristic acid (14:0), palmitic acid (16:0), stearic acid (18:0), and docosanoic acid (22:0); four monounsaturated FAs 7-hexadecenoic acid (16:1 n-9), palmitoleic acid (16:1 n-7), oleic acid (18:1 n-9), and vaccenic acid (18:1 n-7); and three polyunsaturated FAs linoleic acid (18:2 n-6), dihomo-γ-linolenic acid (20:3 n-6), and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, 22:6 n-3). We reported herein lower (P < .05) DHA concentration (by 40%) in the serum of HIV carrier patients than in non-HIV carrier patients. This FA has a pivotal role as a precursor of anti-inflammatory molecules with beneficial effects on metabolism, cardiovascular system, and immunological system. Even though most clinical studies reported beneficial effects of DHA supplementation in HIV carrier patients, this issue remains under debate. Further investigations then require to fully clarify the role of DHA in preventing or alleviating the comorbidities associated with HIV infection.

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PURPOSE: Intranasally applied dopamine (IN-DA), which likely reaches the brain via nasal-brain pathways and bypasses the blood-brain barrier, has been found to increase extracellular DA and bind to the DA2 transporter in the striatum. Recent studies suggest that DA plays a significant role in the processing of signaled and unconditioned aversive stimulation, including evidence that may attenuate responses to painful input. The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of IN-DA on fear-related behaviors induced by electric shock to the foot or by electrical stimulation of the dorsal periaqueductal gray matter (dPAG). METHODS: DA hydrochloride suspended in a viscous castor oil gel (1 or 2 mg/kg) was applied (IN-DA) in a volume of 5 µL into the nostrils of adult Wistar male rats in order to evaluate its effects on (a) freezing induced by electric shock to the foot and (b) thresholds of freezing and escape and duration of post-stimulation freezing induced by electrical stimulation of the dPAG. RESULTS: IN-DA attenuated freezing induced by electric shock to the foot in the three test trials, indicating that it reduced long-term fear responses. IN-DA also increased the threshold of dPAG stimulation-induced escape responses and reduced post-stimulation freezing. CONCLUSIONS: IN-DA, which has previously been shown to facilitate learning and to have antidepressive-like effects, attenuated unconditioned fear responses elicited by peripheral and intramesencephalic (dPAG) stimulation and reduced long-term conditioned fear responses.

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Objetivo: Avaliar o conhecimento e dificuldades dos profissionais de centros socioeducativos na realização triagem e intervenção breve (TIB) em adolescentes em conflito com a Lei. Método: 102 profissionais que participaram ou não de capacitações responderam a um questionário específico referente a TIB. Resultados: A falta de tempo na aplicação da TIB e o perfil do adolescente da Fundação Casa foram as principais crenças/dificuldades detectadas. Aqueles que realizaram um curso prévio de capacitação na área de álcool/drogas apresentaram menores chances de adesão e as dificuldades encontradas na aplicação da TIB reduziram a motivação dos profissionais para sua aplicação. Conclusão: Estes dados indicam necessidade na atualização da formação profissional a partir de um ambiente para o diálogo e supervisão dos procedimentos.

Objective: To evaluate the knowledge and the difficulties of professionals who work in socio-educational contexts on the performing of screening and brief intervention (SBI) with youth in conflict with the law. Method: One hundred two professionals filled a specific questionnaire regarding SBI. Results: lack of time for application of SBI as well as the belief that this procedure is not efficient for these youths were the main difficulties observed. Those who concluded a prior course about substance abuse had fewer chances of adherence. Besides, the difficulties observed for applying SBI reduced their motivation to perform it. Conclusion: These data indicate the necessity to change some components of these training programs by introducing an environment for dialogue as well as supervision of all procedures adopted.

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A Reforma Psiquiátrica apontou novas formas de cuidado em saúde mental mediante a desinstitucionalização da loucura e a criação de uma rede substitutiva de saúde mental no território. O cuidado integral às pessoas com transtornos psíquicos no contexto das ações comunitárias requer a articulação dos dispositivos que compõem a atenção básica, sobretudo a Estratégia de Saúde da Família. O objetivo deste estudo foi analisar as práticas de cuidado do agente comunitário de saúde junto às pessoas com transtornos psíquicos na perspectiva da integralidade. Tratou-se de pesquisa de abordagem qualitativa realizada com sete agentes comunitários de saúde de uma Estratégia de Saúde da Família de Feira de Santana, Bahia, mediante entrevista semiestruturada. Os resultados evidenciaram que as práticas de cuidado dos agentes comunitários de saúde à pessoa com transtorno psíquico abrangem o uso de tecnologias leves, como o acolhimento e o vínculo; e que o cuidado integral à pessoa com transtorno psíquico supõe uma comunicação efetiva com a família e a unidade de saúde num processo compartilhado, fortalecido pelo apoio matricial. Concluiu-se que as práticas dos agentes comunitários de saúde teciam o cuidado à pessoa com transtorno psíquico, eram fundadas na comunicação efetiva e na articulação entre comunidade e unidade de saúde e enfatizavam a negociação junto à equipe multidisciplinar na tomada de decisões.

The Psychiatric Reform led to new ways of care in mental health facing deinstitutionalization of madness and the creation of a replacement network of mental health within the territory. Integral care to people with psychic disorders within the context of community actions requires an articulation of the apparatus that constitute basic care, above all the Family Health Strategy. The objective of this study was to analyze community health agent care practices towards people with psychic disorders from the perspective of integrality. It was a qualitative approach research developed with seven community health agents of a Family Health Strategy of Feira de Santana, Bahia, by means of a semi-structured interview. The results evince that the community health agents care practices towards the person with psychic disorders supposes an effective communication with the family and the health unity in a sharing process, strengthened by matrix support. In conclusion, the practices of community health agents practices weave the care towards the person with psychic disorders, were based on effective communication and the articulation between community and the health unity and emphasize the negotiation with the multidisciplinary team for the decisions making.

La Reforma Psiquiátrica apuntó nuevas formas de cuidado en salud mental mediante a la desisntitucionalización de la locura u la creación de una red sustitutiva de salud mental en el territorio. El cuidado integral a las personas con enfermedades psíquicas en el contexto de las acciones comunitarias requiere la articulación de los dispositivos que componen la atención básica, sobretodo a la Estrategia de Salud de la Familia. El objetivo de este estudio fue analizar las prácticas de cuidado del agente comunitario de salud junto a las personas con enfermedades psíquicas, en la perspectiva de la integralidad. Se trató de una investigación de abordaje cualitativo realizada con siete agentes comunitarios de salud de una Estrategia de Salud de la Familia de Feira de Santana, Bahia, mediante entrevista semiestructurada. Los resultados evidenciaron que las prácticas de cuidado de los agentes comunitarios de salud a la persona con enfermedad psíquica abarcan el uso de tecnologías leves, como el acogimiento y el vínculo. El cuidado integral a la persona con enfermedad psíquica supone una comunicación efectiva con la familia y la unidad de salud en un proceso compartido, fortalecido por el apoyo matricial. Se concluyó que las prácticas de los agentes comunitarios de salud tejían el cuidado a la persona con enfermedad psíquica, eran fundadas en la comunicación efectiva y articulación entre comunidad y unidad de salud y enfatizaban la negociación junto al equipo multidisciplinario en la tomada de decisiones.

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OBJECTIVE: To investigate the antiinflammatory effects of a single administration of fish oil (FO) on the acute inflammatory response. METHODS: The paw edema and pleurisy models were used to evaluate the effects of FO dissolved in olive oil (FOP) orally administered in a single dose in rats. Nitric oxide (NO) concentrations in the pleural exudate were performed according to the Griess method and the cytokine concentrations were determined by Luminex bead-based multiplex assay. RESULTS: FOP treatment (30 and 300 mg/kg) significantly reduced paw edema. FOP treatment at 18.75, 37.5, 75.0, 150.0, and 300 mg/kg decreased both the volume of pleural exudate and cellular migration into the pleural cavity and each of these doses presented the same effectiveness. Treatment with FOP (300 mg/kg) reduced NO, TNF-α, IL-1ß, and IL-6 concentrations in the pleural exudate. CONCLUSIONS: The present data provide evidence that FO has inhibitory effects on the acute inflammatory response when administered in a single dose in rats. This effect might be attributable to a direct inhibitory effect of FO on the production or release of inflammatory mediators that are involved in the pathological processes evaluated herein.

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O presente artigo busca analisar o brincar de faz de conta da criança com autismo, com foco nos recursos simbólicos que ela utiliza na assunção de papéis. Este artigo se fundamenta nos aportes teóricos da perspectiva histórico-cultural, tendo Vigotski como seu principal expoente. A pesquisa foi realizada em uma escola pública de educação infantil, em Brasília. Partindo de uma análise microgenética, a investigação contou com a participação de seis crianças com diagnóstico de autismo, com idades entre quatro e seis anos, de uma classe especial. As situações de brincadeira foram videogravadas e posteriormente transcritas em formato de episódios. Na análise dos dados, identificamos dois eixos, a saber: 1) A construção do jogo de papéis e; 2) A assunção de papéis pela criança com autismo: a cenografia e os recursos imagéticos. Os resultados revelam o papel do outro (a participação intencional) na constituição da atividade lúdica, em especial o papel do adulto. Ademais, demonstram que a mediação pedagógica,incluindo a criação de 'cenários', é fundamental para o alargamento da experiência simbólica da criança com o autismo.

This article aims to analyze the play of make-believe for children with autism, focusing on the symbolic resources it uses in asserting roles. It is based on the theoretical contributions of the historical-cultural perspective, with Vygotsky as its main exponent. The research was carried out in a public school of Early Childhood Education, in Brasília. From the microgenetic analysis, the research had six children diagnosed with autism, at the ages of 4 and 6 years, included in Special Class, as participants. The play situations were videotaped and later transcribed in episode format. In the data analysis, we identified two axes, namely: 1) The construction of the role play and; 2) Assumption of roles by the child with autism: set design and imagery resources. The results reveal the role of the other (intentional participation) in the constitution of play activity, especially the role of the adult. In addition, they demonstrate that pedagogical mediation, including the creation of 'scenarios', is fundamental for the extension of the symbolic experience of the child with autism.

En este artículo se pretende analizar el juego de hace de cuenta en niño con autismo, centrándose en los recursos simbólicos que utilizan para la asunción de roles. Este artículo se basa en los aportes teóricos de la perspectiva histórico-cultural, con su máximo exponente Vygotsky. La investigación fue realizada en una escuela pública de Educación Infantil, de Brasilia. A partir de un análisis micro genético, la investigación contó con la participación de seis niños diagnosticados con autismo, de 4 y 6 años, de una clase especial. Las situaciones lúdicas fueron grabadas y transcritas en formato de episodios. El análisis de los datos identificó dos ejes, a saber: 1) La construcción del juego de rol y; 2) la asunción de roles para el niño con autismo: la escenografía y los recursos pictóricos. Los resultados ponen de manifiesto el papel de la otra (la participación intencional) en la creación de la actividad de juego, especialmente el papel del adulto. Además, muestran que la mediación, incluyendo la creación de 'escenarios', es esencial para la ampliación de la experiencia simbólica del niño con autismo.

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BACKGROUND: Although substantial evidence suggests that dopamine (DA) enhances conditioned fear responses, few studies have examined the role of DA in unconditioned fear states. Whereas DA does not cross the blood-brain barrier, intranasally-applied dopamine reaches the brain directly via the nose-brain pathways in rodents, providing an alternative means of targeting DA receptors. Intranasal dopamine (IN-DA) has been demonstrated to bind to DA transporters and to increase extracellular DA in the striatum as well as having memory-promoting effects in rats. The purpose of this study was to examine the influence of IN-DA in three tests of fear/anxiety. METHODS: The three doses of DA hydrochloride (0.03, 0.3, or 1 mg/kg) were applied in a viscous castor oil gel in a volume of 5 µl to each of both nostrils of adult Wistar rats prior to testing of (a) escape from a bright light, using a two-chamber procedure, (b) restraint-induced 22 kHz ultrasound vocalizations (USVs), and (c) exploratory behavior in the elevated plus-maze (EPM). RESULTS: IN-DA dose-dependently reduced escape from bright light and the number of USV responses to restraint. It had no influence on the exploratory behavior in the EPM. CONCLUSIONS: IN-DA application reduced escape behavior in two tests of unconditioned fear (escape from bright light and USV response to immobilization). These findings may be interpreted in light of the known antidepressant action of IN-DA and DA reuptake blockers. The results also confirm the promise of the nasal route as an alternative means for targeting the brain's dopaminergic receptors with DA.

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ABSTRACT The effect of glutamine dipeptide (GDP) supplementation in patients with diabetic foot syndrome was evaluated. A total of 22 patients took part in the study. GDP was supplied in 10 g sachets, and was dissolved in water immediately before use, with ingestion once a day, after lunch or after dinner (20 g/day) over a period of 30 days. Quantification of foot insensitive areas, oxidative stress, blood cytokines, and biochemical, hematological and toxicological parameters was performed before and after GDP supplementation. We observed an increase in blood levels of interferon-α (P=0.023), interferon-γ (P=0.038), interleukin-4 (P=0.003), interleukin-6 (P=0.0025), interleukin-7 (P=0.028), interleukin-12 p40 (P=0.017), interleukin-13 (P=0.001), leukocytes (P=0.037), eosinophils (P=0.049), and typical lymphocytes (P<0.001) due to GDP administration. In addition, we observed a reduced number (P=0.048) of insensitive areas on the foot, and reduction (P=0.047) of fasting hyperglycemia. Patients also showed increased blood high density lipoprotein (P<0.01) and protein thiol groups (P=0.004). These favorable results were associated with the absence of renal and hepatic toxicity. These results are of clinical relevance, since supplementation with GDP over 30 days improved clinical responses in patients with diabetic foot syndrome.

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BACKGROUND: This study aimed to evaluate the effect of long-term high-dose tibolone on the bladders and urethras of ovariectomized rats. METHODS: Bilateral ovariectomy was performed in 14 young adult rats randomly divided into 2 groups. Experimental rats (n = 9) received 1 mg/day of tibolone orally; control rats (n = 6) received a placebo. After 150 days, the bladders and urethras were removed. Bladder cell proliferation was analyzed by Ki-67 immunohistochemistry. A histomorphometric analysis was performed for epithelial thickness and the percent areas of collagen fibers and blood vessels. Data were compared using a Mann-Whitney test (significance level at p < 0.05). RESULTS: Urothelial thickness and the percent area of collagen fibers and blood vessels were not significantly different between the tibolone and control groups in the bladder and urethra. In addition, urothelium cell proliferation in the bladder showed a low immunopositivity in both groups. Furthermore, the glycogen and glycoprotein contents in urethral epithelium were slightly modified by tibolone and no change was observed in the bladder. CONCLUSION: Long-term administration of tibolone has no effect on urothelial trophism, collagen fibers, the number of vessels, or cell proliferation in the urethra and bladder of the ovariectomized rat.

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There are no studies in Mexico estimating the use of psychoactive substances in the elderly (+69 yrs) and there is a lack of information about the risk factors determining the burden of disease for this age group. The goal of this study is to present prevalences of use of alcohol, tobacco, illicit drugs and nonmedical prescription drugs in beneficiaries of a cash supplement program sponsored by the Institute for the Care of Elderly from Federal District (Instituto para la Atención del Adulto Mayor del Distrito Federal, IAAM-DF). Furthermore, significant sociodemographic factors associated with substance use are reported. From a random sample of the 2 501 users registries of a cash supplement program of IAAM-DF, a total of 2 098 agreed to participate and were interviewed in their homes. The response rate was of 83.9%. We found that 63.5% of all participants ever used alcohol, 45.4% ever used tobacco and 3.5% ever used any drugs. Near one out of every two men and one out of every four women used alcohol during the previous 12 months, one out of every 10 older adults used tobacco and just one out of every 100 used any kind of drug in the last 12 months. Overall prevalence of substance use is higher in men, with the exception of medical drugs. Outstanding associated factors in substance use were sex and higher socioeconomic levels. This is the first study in the country on substance use in dwelling elderly, not living in institutions. Alcohol use, even risky drinking, is not uncommon, smoking tobacco habits do not disappear with age, and medical drug use can be of concern for its effects on other diseases. Therefore, it becomes necessary to establish definitions of risky use for this population and develop appropriate intervention programs for this population group.

No existen investigaciones en el país sobre uso de sustancias psico-activas en poblaciones de adultos mayores (+69 años) y se carece de información sobre los factores de riesgos que son determinantes para la carga de la enfermedad en este grupo. Este estudio tuvo como objetivo presentar las prevalencias de consumo de alcohol, tabaco, drogas ilícitas y drogas médicas usadas sin prescripción en los beneficiarios del programa de pensión alimentaria del Instituto para la Atención del Adulto Mayor del Distrito Federal (IAAM-DF). Adicionalmente, se reportaron factores sociodemográficos asociados al consumo de estas sustancias. De una muestra aleatoria del padrón de usuarios del programa del IAAM-DF de 2501 personas, un total de 2098 aceptaron participar y fueron entrevistadas en sus hogares, obteniéndose una tasa de respuesta de 83.9%. Se encontró que 65.3% de la población consumió alcohol, 45.4% tabaco y 3.5% alguna droga alguna vez en la vida. En los últimos 12 meses, casi uno de cada dos varones y una de cada cuatro mujeres consumió alcohol; uno de cada 10 adultos mayores consumió tabaco; y sólo uno de cada 100 consumió alguna droga. La prevalencia de consumo de sustancias es mayor en hombres, con excepción de las drogas médicas. Los factores asociados que destacaron fueron el sexo y los mejores niveles económicos. Éste es el primer estudio realizado en el país sobre uso de sustancias en población de adultos mayores con domicilio fijo, no institucionalizado. El consumo de alcohol, incluso el consumo riesgoso, no es infrecuente; el hábito tabáquico no ha desaparecido con la edad, y el uso de drogas médicas puede ser un motivo de preocupación por su efecto en otras patologías. Se hace necesario establecer definiciones de uso riesgoso para esta población y desarrollar programas de intervención adecuados para este grupo.

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INTRODUÇÃO: A Insuficiência Renal Crônica (IRC) tem incidência alarmante neste século. A diálise peritoneal, uma das modalidades de terapia renal pode ter complicações, e entre estas a fibrose peritoneal, que ocorre com o decorrer dos anos nestes pacientes. Sua forma mais grave é a chamada peritonite esclerosante encapsulante, levando à mudança de terapia dialítica. OBJETIVO: Estudar a influência do uso do captopril na fibrose peritoneal induzida em ratos pelo uso de solução de glicose a 4,25 %. MÉTODOS: Estudo prospectivo controlado, em ratos Wistar não urêmicos. Foram estudados 20 animais. Os animais foram submetidos diariamente à punção abdominal, sendo infundida solução de diálise peritoneal com glicose a 4,25% na dose de 10 ml/100 g de peso. Os animais foram divididos em 2 grupos: experimental e controle. O grupo experimental recebeu captopril na dose de 30 mg/kg/dia por gavagem. O grupo controle não recebeu nenhuma droga. Foram acompanhados por 21 e 49 dias. Ao final do período foram submetidos à procedimento cirúrgico para retirada de peritônio parietal e visceral. As amostras obtidas foram analisadas histologicamente, usando-se coloração Hematoxilina - Eosina e Sirius Red, para avaliação do grau de fibrose. RESULTADOS: A análise mostrou que a intensidade da fibrose, a espessura do peritônio e o número de células não atingiram diferença estatisticamente significante entre os grupos experimental e controle. CONCLUSÃO: O estudo mostrou que o uso do captopril não foi capaz de alterar a intensidade da fibrose peritoneal induzida pelo uso de solução de diálise em ratos.

INTRODUCTION: Chronic renal failure has alarming incidence all over the world in this century. Among the modalities of dialytic treatment, peritoneal dialysis has a major spot. This method of dialytictreatment may present complications, and among those is peritoneal fibrosis. It occurs in patients submitted to peritoneal dialysis along years. It's most dangerous form is sclerosing encapsulant peritonitis, wich leads to a need of change in modality and many times lead to death. OBJECTIVE: Study the influence of using captopril on the peritoneal fibrosis induced in rats using solution with glucoses 4.25%. METHODS: Prospective controlled study in 20 non-uremic Wistar rats. The animals received a peritoneal infusion of 10 ml/100g of peritoneal dialysis solution glucose 4.25% on a daily basis. The animals were divided in two groups: experimental and control. The experimental group received captopril 30 mg/kg/d, by a gastric tube. The control group did not receive any drug. The follow-up was 21 and 49 days. At the end, one surgical procedure was performed to get histological samples of visceral and parietal peritoneum. The samples were analyzed using Hematoxylin Eosin and Sirius Red, to evaluate the severity of the fibrosis. RESULTS: The analysis showed that the intensity of the fibrosis, the peritoneal thickness and the cell number in experimental and control groups were not statistically significant different in experimental and control groups. CONCLUSION: Our findings indicate that captopril do not decrease the intensity of fibrosis on the peritoneal membrane that happens on rats on peritoneal dialysis.

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Fruits of Pterodon pubescens Benth have been used traditionally for the treatment of rheumatism, sore throat, and respiratory disorders, and also as anti-inflammatory, analgesic, depurative, tonic, and hypoglycemic agent. The study was aimed at evaluating the anti-inflammatory activity of the hexane fraction of an ethanolic extract of P. pubescens fruits. The oil from P. pubescens fruits was extracted with ethanol and partitioned with hexane. The anti-inflammatory activity was measured with increasing doses of the hexane fraction (FHPp) by using a carrageenan-induced rat model of pleurisy and a rat model of complete Freund's adjuvant-induced arthritis by using an FHPp dose of 250 mg/kg for 21 days. Treatment with an FHPp resulted in anti-inflammatory activity in both models. The results of biochemical, hematological, and histological analyses indicated a significant decrease in glucose, cholesterol, and triglycerides levels (18.32%, 34.20%, and 41.70%, resp.) and reduction in the numbers of total leukocytes and mononuclear cells. The FHPp dose of 1000 mg/kg induced no changes in behavioral parameters, and no animal died. The results of this study extend the findings of previous reports that have shown that administration of extracts and fractions obtained from species of the genus Pterodon exhibits anti-inflammatory activity and lacks toxicity.

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It has been claimed that amoebic molecules such as amoebapore, galactose/N-acetyl galactosamine inhibitable lectin, and cysteine proteases are responsible for host tissue destruction and are present in both pathogenic Entamoeba histolytica and non-pathogenic Entamoeba dispar. Some reports have provided evidence that after infection with E. dispar, pathological changes may occur in some humans. The aim of this study was to evaluate E. dispar pathogenicity by comparing it to the pathogenicity of E. histolytica through liver abscesses induced in hamsters. Syrian golden hamsters were challenged by intrahepatic inoculation with the 03C E. dispar strain or with two strains of E. histolytica (HM1:IMSS and EGG) to compare their virulence grades. As control groups, we used bacterial flora and Pavlova's modified medium. Lesions were verified at 1, 3 and 6 days after inoculation. Multiplex Polymerase Chain Reaction was performed to characterize each strain using EdP1/EdP2 and EhP1/EhP2 primers. The EGG and HM1:IMSS E. histolytica strains and 03C E. dispar were able to cause liver lesions. The EGG strain caused extensive hepatic abscesses, and trophozoites were found in the lesions throughout the three periods of study. The HM1:IMSS strain caused smaller abscesses when compared to EGG lesions; however, trophozoites were observed at 1 and 3 days after inoculation. The 03C E. dispar strain caused intermediate abscesses when compared to the others; trophozoites were observed in all periods analyzed. The EGG strain caused progressive evolution of the injury, which differed from the HM1:IMSS and 03C strains. These results strongly suggest that the 03C E. dispar strain is pathogenic in the experimental hamster model. Additional studies are necessary to identify potential factors that regulate the manifestation of virulence of this strain and others.

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