RESUMO
The kinetics of an ion channel are classically understood as a random process. However, studies have shown that in complex ion channels, formed by multiple subunits, this process can be deterministic, presenting long-term memory. Staphylococcus aureus α-hemolysin (α-HL) is a toxin that acts as the major factor in Staphylococcus aureus virulence. α-HL is a water-soluble protein capable of forming ion channels into lipid bilayers, by insertion of an amphipathic ß-barrel. Here, the α-HL was used as an experimental model to study memory in ion channel kinetics. We applied the approximate entropy (ApEn) approach to analyze randomness and the Detrended Fluctuation Analysis (DFA) to investigate the existence of long memory in α-HL channel kinetics. Single-channel currents were measured through experiments with α-HL channels incorporated in planar lipid bilayers. All experiments were carried out under the following conditions: 1 M NaCl solution, pH 4.5; transmembrane potential of + 40 mV and temperature 25 ± 1 °C. Single-channel currents were recorded in real-time in the memory of a microcomputer coupled to an A/D converter and a patch-clamp amplifier. The conductance value of the α-HL channels was 0.82 ± 0.0025 nS (n = 128). The DFA analysis showed that the kinetics of α-HL channels presents long-term memory ([Formula: see text] = 0.63 ± 0.04). The ApEn outcomes showed low complexity to dwell times when open (ApEno = 0.5514 ± 0.28) and closed (ApEnc = 0.1145 ± 0.08), corroborating the results of the DFA method.
Assuntos
Proteínas Hemolisinas , Canais Iônicos , Bicamadas Lipídicas , Proteínas Hemolisinas/metabolismo , Canais Iônicos/metabolismo , Cinética , Staphylococcus aureusRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To describe trends in the prevalence of diabetes mellitus (DM) in Brazil and to analyze its association with the consumption of artificially sweetened beverages among individuals aged 18 years or older. STUDY DESIGN: This was a repeated cross-sectional study. METHODS: Annual data from VIGITEL surveys (2006-2020) were used, which included adults from all Brazilian state capitals. The outcome was the prevalence of DM (type 1 and type 2). The main exposure variable was consuming beverages like soft drinks and artificial juices, either in its 'diet, light, or zero' form. Covariates included sex, age, sociodemographic characteristics, smoking, alcohol consumption, physical activity, fruit consumption, and obesity. The temporal trend in the indicators and the etiological fraction (population attributable risk [PAR]) were calculated. Analyses were performed using Poisson regression. The association between DM and consumption of beverages was tested, excluding the year 2020 due to the pandemic; restricting the analysis to the final three years (2018-2020). RESULTS: Overall, 757,386 subjects were included. The prevalence of DM increased from 5.5% to 8.2%, with an annual growth of 0.17 percentage points (95% CI 0.11-0.24). Among those who consumed diet/light/zero beverages, the annual percentage change of DM was four times greater. The PAR corresponding to the consumption of diet/light/zero beverages on the occurrence of DM was 17%. CONCLUSIONS: An increasing prevalence of DM was observed, while diet/light/zero beverages consumption remains stable. A substantial reduction in the annual percentage change of DM could be observed if people stopped consuming diet/light soda/juice.
Assuntos
Diabetes Mellitus , Edulcorantes , Adulto , Humanos , Brasil/epidemiologia , Bebidas Adoçadas Artificialmente , Estudos Transversais , Bebidas/efeitos adversos , Diabetes Mellitus/epidemiologia , Diabetes Mellitus/etiologiaRESUMO
This study aimed to evaluate the effect of the inclusion of spineless cactus (Opuntia stricta Haw) in the diet of sheep on the balance of macrominerals, renal function, and blood metabolites. Five sheep cannulated in the rumen (61.5±9.5kg body weight) were used in a 5 × 5 Latin square composed of five diets and five experimental periods. The experimental period lasted 105 days, with five periods of 21 days each. Four diets containing levels of spineless cactus (121, 245, 371, and 500g/kg of dry matter (DM)), and a control diet were evaluated. Samples of the ingredients, orts, feces, urine, and blood were collected. Spineless cactus inclusion in sheep diets increased the DM intake, ash, oxalate, and all macrominerals intake (P < 0.05), but did not affect the urinary and fecal excretion of P, as well as the concentration of P in the blood (P > 0.05). It is possible to verify that the inclusion of spineless cactus, up to the level of 500g/kg of DM in the sheep diets, does not appear to cause damage to the animal's health. Its inclusion does not compromise kidney function or blood metabolites evaluated herein.
O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o efeito da inclusão de palma forrageira (Opuntia stricta Haw) na dieta de ovinos sobre o balanço dos macrominerais, a função renal e os metabólitos sanguíneos. Cinco ovinos canulados no rúmen (61,5±9,5kg de peso corporal) foram distribuídos em um quadrado de 5 × 5 latinos, composto de cinco dietas e cinco períodos experimentais. O período experimental teve duração de 105 dias, sendo cinco períodos de 21 dias cada. Foram avaliadas quatro dietas contendo níveis de palma forrageira (121, 245, 371 e 500g/kg de matéria seca (MS)), e uma dieta controle. Foram coletadas amostras dos ingredientes, sobras, fezes, urina e sangue. A inclusão de palma forrageira na dieta dos ovinos aumentou o consumo de MS, cinzas, oxalato e todos os macrominerais (P<0,05), mas não afetou a excreção urinária e a fecal de P, bem como a concentração de P no sangue (P>0,05). É possível verificar que a inclusão de palma forrageira, até o nível de 500g/kg de MS na dieta de ovinos, não parece causar danos à saúde do animal. Sua inclusão não compromete a função renal ou os metabólitos sanguíneos avaliados.
Assuntos
Animais , Ovinos , Opuntia , Dieta/veterinária , RimRESUMO
'Brejos de altitude' is an ecosystem that has been subjected to severe exploitation, leading to an intense reduction in Brazil. Understanding the patterns of bryophyte diversity and composition, particularly of specialized species such as the epiphylls, to anthropic and abiotic variables is crucial for implementing protection measures. We investigated the relationship between composition and diversity of epiphyllous bryophytes and anthropic (edge effects) and abiotic (altitude) variables at local (within each 'Brejo') and regional (set of three 'Brejos') scale. Abiotic and anthropic variables were correlated with alpha and beta diversity (decomposed into species replacement and richness differences) using GLM. Their effects on species composition were evaluated using PERMANOVA. The localities at higher elevations harboured a richer bryoflora and overall beta diversity patterns were associated with altitude and locality, which acted over different scales. Regionally, the contribution of richness differences was limited with increasing altitude. Yet, dissimilarities among localities were associated with richness differences and replacement, denoting the importance of local factors. The composition was explained by local factors interacting with the regional altitudinal gradient. Anthropic activity was significant only when interacting with local factors and altitudinal gradient. Environmental filtering associated with altitude played a more important role in shaping the diversity and composition of epiphyllous bryophytes, at both regional and local scales. Each 'Brejo' acts as an ecological refuge, harbouring part of the whole environmental gradient, and presents a unique floristic composition. Moreover, partitioning beta diversity highlighted the interplay of local and regional forces shaping diversity patterns.
Assuntos
Briófitas , Ecossistema , Altitude , Biodiversidade , BrasilRESUMO
Ion channels are transport proteins present in the lipid bilayers of biological membranes. They are involved in many physiological processes, such as the generation of nerve impulses, hormonal secretion, and heartbeat. Conformational changes in the ion channel-forming protein allow the opening or closing of pores to control the ionic flux through the cell membranes. The opening and closing of the ion channel have been classically treated as a random kinetic process, known as a Markov process. Here the time the channel remains in a given state is assumed to be independent of the condition it had in the previous state. More recently, however, several studies have shown that this process is not random but a deterministic one, where both the open and closed dwell-times and the ionic current flowing through the channel are history-dependent. This property is called long memory or long-range correlation. However, there is still much controversy regarding how this memory originates, which region of the channel is responsible for this property, and which models could best reproduce the memory effect. In this article, we provide a review of what is, where it is, its possible origin, and the mathematical methods used to analyze the long-term memory present in the kinetic process of ion channels.
Assuntos
Canais Iônicos , Modelos Biológicos , Canais Iônicos/metabolismo , Cinética , Cadeias de MarkovRESUMO
Objetiva-se relatar a reintervenção cirúrgica para ampliação de margens em um paciente diagnosticado com mastocitoma cutâneo. Um canino, macho, Bulldog Francês, com 7 anos foi atendido com histórico de retirada de nódulo cutâneo em região abdominal há 15 dias, com diagnóstico histopatológico compatível com mastocitoma grau I e margens cirúrgicas comprometidas. Optou-se então pela realização de um segundo procedimento cirúrgico para ampliação das margens de segurança, o qual foi precedido por planejamento de 5 cm de margens cutâneas e uma camada de fáscia e um plano muscular como margem profunda, juntamente com a linfadenectomia inguinal. Durante o procedimento, foi possível a síntese sem a necessidade do uso de técnicas reconstrutivas, a partir da divulsão do subcutâneo e da utilização do padrão Walking Suture. Não houve intercorrências transoperatórias, e a formação de hematoma foi a única complicação pós- operatória observada. O material foi enviado para análise histopatológica, confirmando mastocitoma cutâneo baixo grau/grau I com margens livres, sem evidências de metástase em linfonodo. Dessa forma, não foram instituídas terapias adjuvantes, e após 320 dias pós-operatórios, o paciente apresentava-se em ótimo estado geral, sem evidências de recidiva ou metástases à distância na radiografia torácica e ultrassonografia abdominal. Conclui-se que a reintervenção cirúrgica pode s
RESUMO
Transmissible venereal tumor (TVT) is a contagious neoplasm of round cells that occurs naturally and that affects mostly the genitalia. The TVT has been classified according to the predominant cell type as follows: linfocytoid, plasmacytoid and mixed. Various degrees of aggressiveness with wide range of biological behavior have been described based on this cell morphology. The present study aimed to evaluate the rate of cell proliferation, by cytochemical AgNOR method, and response to chemotherapy correlated with the cytomorphological classification of TVT. The results of the 22 cases showed that TVT was identified more frequently in female, adults and mixed-breed dogs. Plasmocytoid-classified tumors required a greater number of vincristine sulfate sessions, have higher cell proliferation and were the most resistant to chemotherapy, requiring additional treatment with doxorubicin. Based on these results, we can infer that the plasmacytoid pattern might have a more aggressive behavior compared to other cell types.(AU)
O tumor venéreo transmissível (TVT) é uma neoplasia contagiosa de células redondas que ocorre naturalmente e afeta principalmente a genitália. O TVT é classificado de acordo com o tipo celular predominante da seguinte forma: linfocitóide, plasmocitóide e misto. Vários graus de agressividade com ampla gama de comportamento biológico foram descritos com base nessa morfologia celular. O presente estudo teve como objetivo avaliar a taxa de proliferação celular, pelo método AgNOR citoquímico, e a resposta à quimioterapia correlacionada com a classificação citomorfológica do TVT. Os resultados dos 22 casos mostraram que o TVT foi identificado com maior frequência em cães do sexo feminino, adultos e mestiços. Os tumores classificados como plasmocitóides necessitaram de um maior número de sessões de sulfato de vincristina, apresentaram maior proliferação celular e foram os mais resistentes à quimioterapia, necessitando de tratamento adicional com doxorrubicina. Com base nesses resultados, podemos inferir que o padrão plasmocitoide pode ter um comportamento mais agressivo comparado a outros tipos de células.(AU)
Assuntos
Animais , Cães , Tumores Venéreos Veterinários/tratamento farmacológico , Proliferação de Células , Doenças do Cão , Neoplasias Urogenitais/veterináriaRESUMO
Objetiva-se relatar a reintervenção cirúrgica para ampliação de margens em um paciente diagnosticado com mastocitoma cutâneo. Um canino, macho, Bulldog Francês, com 7 anos foi atendido com histórico de retirada de nódulo cutâneo em região abdominal há 15 dias, com diagnóstico histopatológico compatível com mastocitoma grau I e margens cirúrgicas comprometidas. Optou-se então pela realização de um segundo procedimento cirúrgico para ampliação das margens de segurança, o qual foi precedido por planejamento de 5 cm de margens cutâneas e uma camada de fáscia e um plano muscular como margem profunda, juntamente com a linfadenectomia inguinal. Durante o procedimento, foi possível a síntese sem a necessidade do uso de técnicas reconstrutivas, a partir da divulsão do subcutâneo e da utilização do padrão Walking Suture. Não houve intercorrências transoperatórias, e a formação de hematoma foi a única complicação pósoperatória observada. O material foi enviado para análise histopatológica, confirmando mastocitoma cutâneo baixo grau/grau I com margens livres, sem evidências de metástase em linfonodo. Dessa forma, não foram instituídas terapias adjuvantes, e após 320 dias pós-operatórios, o paciente apresentava-se em ótimo estado geral, sem evidências de recidiva ou metástases à distância na radiografia torácica e ultrassonografia abdominal. Conclui-se que a reintervenção cirúrgica pode ser uma alternativa para o tratamento do mastocitoma baixo grau/grau I com margens comprometidas, sendo o diagnóstico histopatológico e o planejamento cirúrgico essenciais para redução de complicações trans e pósoperatórias, aumentando as chances de sucesso e cura do paciente.(AU)
The objective is to report the surgical reintervention for enlarging margins in a patient diagnosed with cutaneous mast cell tumor. A canine, male, French Bulldog, 7 years old, was seen with a history of skin nodule removal in the abdominal region 15 days ago, with a histopathological diagnosis compatible with grade I mastocytoma and compromised surgical margins. Then, it was decided to perform a second surgical procedure to expand the safety margins, which was preceded by planning 5 cm of cutaneous margins and a layer of fascia and a muscular plane as a deep margin, in addition to inguinal lymphadenectomy. During the procedure, synthesis was possible without the use of reconstructive techniques, from the subcutaneous divulsion and the use of the Walking Suture pattern. There were no transoperative complications, and hematoma formation was the only postoperative complication observed. The material was sent for histopathological analysis, confirming low-grade cutaneous mastocytoma with free margins and no evidence of lymph node metastasis. Thus, adjuvant therapies were not instituted, and after 320 postoperative days, the patient was in excellent general condition, with no evidence of recurrence or distant metastases on chest radiography and abdominal ultrasound. It is concluded that surgical reintervention can be an alternative for the treatment of low-grade mastocytoma with compromised margins, and that histopathological diagnosis and surgical planning are essential to reduce trans and postoperative complications, increasing the chances of success and cure of the patient.(AU)
Assuntos
Animais , Masculino , Cães , Doenças do Cão , Mastocitoma Cutâneo/veterinária , Margens de Excisão , Neoplasias Cutâneas/veterináriaRESUMO
Objetiva-se relatar a reintervenção cirúrgica para ampliação de margens em um paciente diagnosticado com mastocitoma cutâneo. Um canino, macho, Bulldog Francês, com 7 anos foi atendido com histórico de retirada de nódulo cutâneo em região abdominal há 15 dias, com diagnóstico histopatológico compatível com mastocitoma grau I e margens cirúrgicas comprometidas. Optou-se então pela realização de um segundo procedimento cirúrgico para ampliação das margens de segurança, o qual foi precedido por planejamento de 5 cm de margens cutâneas e uma camada de fáscia e um plano muscular como margem profunda, juntamente com a linfadenectomia inguinal. Durante o procedimento, foi possível a síntese sem a necessidade do uso de técnicas reconstrutivas, a partir da divulsão do subcutâneo e da utilização do padrão Walking Suture. Não houve intercorrências transoperatórias, e a formação de hematoma foi a única complicação pósoperatória observada. O material foi enviado para análise histopatológica, confirmando mastocitoma cutâneo baixo grau/grau I com margens livres, sem evidências de metástase em linfonodo. Dessa forma, não foram instituídas terapias adjuvantes, e após 320 dias pós-operatórios, o paciente apresentava-se em ótimo estado geral, sem evidências de recidiva ou metástases à distância na radiografia torácica e ultrassonografia abdominal. Conclui-se que a reintervenção cirúrgica pode ser uma alternativa para o tratamento do mastocitoma baixo grau/grau I com margens comprometidas, sendo o diagnóstico histopatológico e o planejamento cirúrgico essenciais para redução de complicações trans e pósoperatórias, aumentando as chances de sucesso e cura do paciente.
The objective is to report the surgical reintervention for enlarging margins in a patient diagnosed with cutaneous mast cell tumor. A canine, male, French Bulldog, 7 years old, was seen with a history of skin nodule removal in the abdominal region 15 days ago, with a histopathological diagnosis compatible with grade I mastocytoma and compromised surgical margins. Then, it was decided to perform a second surgical procedure to expand the safety margins, which was preceded by planning 5 cm of cutaneous margins and a layer of fascia and a muscular plane as a deep margin, in addition to inguinal lymphadenectomy. During the procedure, synthesis was possible without the use of reconstructive techniques, from the subcutaneous divulsion and the use of the Walking Suture pattern. There were no transoperative complications, and hematoma formation was the only postoperative complication observed. The material was sent for histopathological analysis, confirming low-grade cutaneous mastocytoma with free margins and no evidence of lymph node metastasis. Thus, adjuvant therapies were not instituted, and after 320 postoperative days, the patient was in excellent general condition, with no evidence of recurrence or distant metastases on chest radiography and abdominal ultrasound. It is concluded that surgical reintervention can be an alternative for the treatment of low-grade mastocytoma with compromised margins, and that histopathological diagnosis and surgical planning are essential to reduce trans and postoperative complications, increasing the chances of success and cure of the patient.
Assuntos
Masculino , Animais , Cães , Doenças do Cão , Margens de Excisão , Mastocitoma Cutâneo/veterinária , Neoplasias Cutâneas/veterináriaRESUMO
Transmissible venereal tumor (TVT) is a contagious neoplasm of round cells that occurs naturally and that affects mostly the genitalia. The TVT has been classified according to the predominant cell type as follows: linfocytoid, plasmacytoid and mixed. Various degrees of aggressiveness with wide range of biological behavior have been described based on this cell morphology. The present study aimed to evaluate the rate of cell proliferation, by cytochemical AgNOR method, and response to chemotherapy correlated with the cytomorphological classification of TVT. The results of the 22 cases showed that TVT was identified more frequently in female, adults and mixed-breed dogs. Plasmocytoid-classified tumors required a greater number of vincristine sulfate sessions, have higher cell proliferation and were the most resistant to chemotherapy, requiring additional treatment with doxorubicin. Based on these results, we can infer that the plasmacytoid pattern might have a more aggressive behavior compared to other cell types.
O tumor venéreo transmissível (TVT) é uma neoplasia contagiosa de células redondas que ocorre naturalmente e afeta principalmente a genitália. O TVT é classificado de acordo com o tipo celular predominante da seguinte forma: linfocitóide, plasmocitóide e misto. Vários graus de agressividade com ampla gama de comportamento biológico foram descritos com base nessa morfologia celular. O presente estudo teve como objetivo avaliar a taxa de proliferação celular, pelo método AgNOR citoquímico, e a resposta à quimioterapia correlacionada com a classificação citomorfológica do TVT. Os resultados dos 22 casos mostraram que o TVT foi identificado com maior frequência em cães do sexo feminino, adultos e mestiços. Os tumores classificados como plasmocitóides necessitaram de um maior número de sessões de sulfato de vincristina, apresentaram maior proliferação celular e foram os mais resistentes à quimioterapia, necessitando de tratamento adicional com doxorrubicina. Com base nesses resultados, podemos inferir que o padrão plasmocitoide pode ter um comportamento mais agressivo comparado a outros tipos de células.
Assuntos
Animais , Cães , Doenças do Cão , Neoplasias Urogenitais/veterinária , Proliferação de Células , Tumores Venéreos Veterinários/tratamento farmacológicoRESUMO
The visual system of women changes during pregnancy. Few reports have addressed the effects of pregnancy on color vision. We aimed to compare the color vision of women in the first, second, and third trimesters of pregnancy. Fifty women were divided into first (n=10), second (n=10), third trimester pregnancy groups (n=10), and non-pregnant group (n=20). We used the Farnsworth D15 and Lanthony desaturated D15 (D15d) tests. The hue ordering quantified the amount of error (C-index) and the chromatic selectivity of the errors (S-index). Bland-Altman analysis was applied to the hue ordering data. No difference was found for Farnsworth D15 test results obtained from the pregnant groups and the non-pregnant group (P<0.0083). For the Lanthony D15 desaturated test, the third trimester pregnant group had higher C-index and S-index than non-pregnant women and first-trimester pregnant women (P<0.0083). The Bland-Altman analysis showed that the limits of agreement increased as pregnancy advanced, and the errors were biased to the D15d test. In this study, color vision was impaired during pregnancy. Color vision evaluation could be used as an indicator of the functional status of the central vision during pregnancy.
Assuntos
Percepção de Cores , Visão de Cores , Testes Visuais/métodos , Adulto , Feminino , Humanos , Gravidez , Complicações na Gravidez , Primeiro Trimestre da Gravidez , Segundo Trimestre da Gravidez , Terceiro Trimestre da GravidezRESUMO
The visual system of women changes during pregnancy. Few reports have addressed the effects of pregnancy on color vision. We aimed to compare the color vision of women in the first, second, and third trimesters of pregnancy. Fifty women were divided into first (n=10), second (n=10), third trimester pregnancy groups (n=10), and non-pregnant group (n=20). We used the Farnsworth D15 and Lanthony desaturated D15 (D15d) tests. The hue ordering quantified the amount of error (C-index) and the chromatic selectivity of the errors (S-index). Bland-Altman analysis was applied to the hue ordering data. No difference was found for Farnsworth D15 test results obtained from the pregnant groups and the non-pregnant group (P<0.0083). For the Lanthony D15 desaturated test, the third trimester pregnant group had higher C-index and S-index than non-pregnant women and first-trimester pregnant women (P<0.0083). The Bland-Altman analysis showed that the limits of agreement increased as pregnancy advanced, and the errors were biased to the D15d test. In this study, color vision was impaired during pregnancy. Color vision evaluation could be used as an indicator of the functional status of the central vision during pregnancy.
Assuntos
Humanos , Feminino , Gravidez , Adulto , Testes Visuais/métodos , Percepção de Cores , Visão de Cores , Complicações na Gravidez , Segundo Trimestre da Gravidez , Terceiro Trimestre da Gravidez , Primeiro Trimestre da GravidezRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Predictive equations are the main clinical tools for determining resting energy expenditure (REE). However, their adequate use in overweight and obese individuals is unclear. Thus, we investigated the best predictive equations for estimating REE in overweight and obese women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). METHODS: Eleven analyses were performed with prediction equations (pREE) based on anthropometric parameters in 30 overweight or obese women with PCOS without other chronic diseases. The measured REE (mREE) was calculated by indirect calorimetry. The validity of the equations was investigated by comparison, accuracy and agreement tests between pREE and mREE at both the individual and group level. RESULTS: Four analyses were similar to those of mREE, and smallest mean differences were observed for the World Health Organization/Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations/United Nations University (WHO/FAO/UNU) considering weight (W) [0.07 (1.13) MJ (16 [270] kcal)]. Individual accuracy was greater than 50% for Harris and Benedict, Müller and Lazzer equations. The percentage of REE underestimation ranged between 16.7% and 73.3%, whereas higher rates of overestimation were observed in the De Luis (66.7%) and Ireton-Jones (43.3%) equations. Mean bias at the group level was lowest in the WHO/FAO/UNU W and WHO/FAO/UNU considering weight and height (WH), Müller and Lazzer equations (-2.8 to 0.5). The WHO/FAO/UNU W and WHO/FAO/UNU WH formulas were optimal in individual agreement (33.3%). CONCLUSIONS: FAO/WHO/UNU W equations may estimate the REE in overweight and obese women with PCOS. However, the low individual accuracy and agreement in relation to mREE suggest caution regarding when to use the formula to perform an individual nutritional plan.
Assuntos
Metabolismo Basal , Índice de Massa Corporal , Conceitos Matemáticos , Modelos Biológicos , Obesidade/metabolismo , Síndrome do Ovário Policístico/metabolismo , Descanso , Adolescente , Adulto , Antropometria , Calorimetria Indireta , Feminino , Humanos , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Modelos Teóricos , Obesidade/complicações , Sobrepeso , Síndrome do Ovário Policístico/complicações , Reprodutibilidade dos Testes , Adulto JovemRESUMO
Essa revisão tem por objetivo apresentar os resultados dos estudos que avaliaram prevalência e/ou níveisde depressão e ansiedade nas mulheres com endometriose. Para isso, uma pesquisa bibliográfica foirealizada no PubMed, LILACS e Web of Science e foram selecionados para leitura 21 artigos. Destes,onze analisaram depressão e ansiedade simultaneamente, nove apenas depressão e um ansiedade. Foiobservado que as pacientes com endometriose exibem níveis elevados de depressão e ansiedade,provavelmente devido aos quadros frequentes de dor, a infertilidade, ao atraso no diagnóstico e arecorrência da doença. Conclui-se que um acompanhamento psicológico deve ser oferecido a mulherescom endometriose sendo, portanto um componente essencial para o tratamento dessa condiçãoginecológica(AU)
Assuntos
Depressão/psicologia , Endometriose/psicologia , Ansiedade/psicologiaRESUMO
The use of natural products has a long tradition in medicine, and they have proven to be an important source of lead compounds in the development of new drugs. Among the natural compounds, terpenoids present broad-spectrum activity against infective agents such as viruses, bacteria, fungi, protozoan and helminth parasites. In this study, we report a biological screening of 38 chemically characterized terpenes from different classes, which have a hydroxyl group connected by hydrophobic chain or an acceptor site, against the blood fluke Schistosoma mansoni, the parasite responsible for schistosomiasis mansoni. In vitro bioassays revealed that 3,7-dimethyl-1-octanol (dihydrocitronellol) (10) was the most active terpene (IC50 values of 1352 µM) and, thus, we investigated its antischistosomal activity in greater detail. Confocal laser scanning microscopy revealed that compound 10 induced severe tegumental damage in adult schistosomes and a correlation between viability and tegumental changes was observed. Furthermore, we compared all the inactive compounds with dihydrocitronellol structurally by using shape and charge modeling. Lipophilicity (miLogP) and other molecular properties (e.g. molecular polar surface area, molecular electrostatic potential) were also calculated. From the 38 terpenes studied, compound 10 is the one with the greatest flexibility, with a sufficient apolar region by which it may interact in a hydrophobic active site. In conclusion, the integration of biological and chemical analysis indicates the potential of the terpene dihydrocitronellol as an antiparasitic agent.
Assuntos
Parasitos , Parasitologia , Bactérias , Preparações Farmacêuticas , FungosRESUMO
The phenotypic differentiation between oxytocin (OT)- and vasopressin (VP)-secreting magnocellular neurosecretory cells (MNCs) from the supraoptic nucleus is relevant to understanding how several physiological and pharmacological challenges affect their electrical activity. Although the firing patterns of OT and VP neurons, both in vivo and in vitro, may appear different from each other, much is assumed about their characteristics. These assumptions make it practically impossible to obtain a confident phenotypic differentiation based exclusively on the firing patterns. The presence of a sustained outward rectifying potassium current (SOR) and/or an inward rectifying hyperpolarization-activated current (IR), which are presumably present in OT neurons and absent in VP neurons, has been used to distinguish between the two types of MNCs in the past. In this study, we aimed to analyze the accuracy of the phenotypic discrimination of MNCs based on the presence of rectifying currents using comparisons with the molecular phenotype of the cells, as determined by single-cell RT-qPCR and immunohistochemistry. Our results demonstrated that the phenotypes classified according to the electrophysiological protocol in brain slices do not match their molecular counterparts because vasopressinergic and intermediate neurons also exhibit both outward and inward rectifying currents. In addition, we also show that MNCs can change the relative proportion of each cell phenotype when the system is challenged by chronic hypertonicity (70% water restriction for 7 days). We conclude that for in vitro preparations, the combination of mRNA detection and immunohistochemistry seems to be preferable when trying to characterize a single MNC phenotype.
Assuntos
Potenciais de Ação/fisiologia , Neurônios/metabolismo , Ocitocina/metabolismo , RNA Mensageiro/metabolismo , Núcleo Supraóptico/metabolismo , Vasopressinas/metabolismo , Potenciais de Ação/efeitos dos fármacos , Animais , Dieta , Expressão Gênica , Masculino , Microtomia , Neurônios/classificação , Neurônios/citologia , Neurônios/efeitos dos fármacos , Ocitocina/genética , Técnicas de Patch-Clamp , Fenótipo , RNA Mensageiro/genética , Ratos , Ratos Wistar , Análise de Célula Única , Sódio na Dieta/farmacologia , Núcleo Supraóptico/citologia , Núcleo Supraóptico/efeitos dos fármacos , Técnicas de Cultura de Tecidos , Vasopressinas/genética , Privação de ÁguaRESUMO
Objetivou-se neste trabalho avaliar o efeito da inclusão de níveis de polpa cítrica peletizada (PCP) na qualidade da silagem do capim-xaraés. O capim-xaraés foi ensilado aos 54 dias de crescimento com níveis de 0, 10, 20 e 30% de PCP, divididos em 20 silos experimentais (cinco repetições/tratamento), sendo adotado delineamento experimental inteiramente casualizado. Após 67 dias, os silos foram abertos para determinação dos teores de matéria seca (MS), proteína bruta (PB), fibra em detergente neutro (FDN), fibra em detergente ácido (FDA), pH e acidez titulável (ATIT) das silagens. A inclusão de PCP não influenciou os teores de matéria seca, porém diminuiu os teores de PB. Os teores de FDN e FDA diminuíram à medida que houve adição de polpa cítrica. Com relação ao pH, apenas o tratamento com 30% de PCP apresentou diferença significativa. A ATIT na silagem sem uso (0%) da PCP apresentou valor menor (P<0,05) que o tratamento com 30%. Conclui-se que a inclusão de 30% PCP na ensilagem de capim-xaraés é indicada por melhorar a qualidade da fração fibrosa, mantendo aceitáveis os valores de pH...(AU)
The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of inclusion of different levels of pelleted citrus pulp (PCP) on the quality of xaraés grass silage. Xaraés grass was ensiled at 54 days of growth with 0, 10, 20 and 30% PCP and divided into 20 experimental silos (five repetitions/treatment). A completely randomized design was adopted. The silos were opened after 67 days for the determination of dry matter (DM), crude protein (CP), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), acid detergent fiber (ADF), pH, and titratable acidity of the silages. The inclusion of PCP did not influence DM content, but reduced CP content. NDF and ADF content decreased with the addition of citrus pulp. Regarding pH, a significant difference was only observed for the inclusion of 30% PCP. Titratable acidity in the silage was lower in the absence of PCP (0%) compared to the treatment with 30% (P<0.05). The inclusion of 30% PCP in xaraés grass silage is indicated since it improves the quality of the fibrous fraction, while maintaining acceptable pH values..(AU)
Assuntos
Animais , Silagem , Aditivos Alimentares , Estruturas Vegetais , PastagensRESUMO
Objetivou-se neste trabalho avaliar o efeito da inclusão de níveis de polpa cítrica peletizada (PCP) na qualidade da silagem do capim-xaraés. O capim-xaraés foi ensilado aos 54 dias de crescimento com níveis de 0, 10, 20 e 30% de PCP, divididos em 20 silos experimentais (cinco repetições/tratamento), sendo adotado delineamento experimental inteiramente casualizado. Após 67 dias, os silos foram abertos para determinação dos teores de matéria seca (MS), proteína bruta (PB), fibra em detergente neutro (FDN), fibra em detergente ácido (FDA), pH e acidez titulável (ATIT) das silagens. A inclusão de PCP não influenciou os teores de matéria seca, porém diminuiu os teores de PB. Os teores de FDN e FDA diminuíram à medida que houve adição de polpa cítrica. Com relação ao pH, apenas o tratamento com 30% de PCP apresentou diferença significativa. A ATIT na silagem sem uso (0%) da PCP apresentou valor menor (P<0,05) que o tratamento com 30%. Conclui-se que a inclusão de 30% PCP na ensilagem de capim-xaraés é indicada por melhorar a qualidade da fração fibrosa, mantendo aceitáveis os valores de pH...
The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of inclusion of different levels of pelleted citrus pulp (PCP) on the quality of xaraés grass silage. Xaraés grass was ensiled at 54 days of growth with 0, 10, 20 and 30% PCP and divided into 20 experimental silos (five repetitions/treatment). A completely randomized design was adopted. The silos were opened after 67 days for the determination of dry matter (DM), crude protein (CP), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), acid detergent fiber (ADF), pH, and titratable acidity of the silages. The inclusion of PCP did not influence DM content, but reduced CP content. NDF and ADF content decreased with the addition of citrus pulp. Regarding pH, a significant difference was only observed for the inclusion of 30% PCP. Titratable acidity in the silage was lower in the absence of PCP (0%) compared to the treatment with 30% (P<0.05). The inclusion of 30% PCP in xaraés grass silage is indicated since it improves the quality of the fibrous fraction, while maintaining acceptable pH values..
Assuntos
Animais , Aditivos Alimentares , Estruturas Vegetais , Pastagens , SilagemRESUMO
RESUMO O fator mais importante na manutenção da saúde periodontal é o adequado controle do biofilme dentário. Face às dificuldades no controle mecânico por parte dos pacientes, métodos alternativos ou complementares têm sido utilizados como coadjuvantes químicos do controle do biofilme, auxiliando no tratamento da gengivite. Dentre esses métodos alternativos, destaca-se a fitoterapia, através da utilização de plantas medicinais. Dessa forma, esse estudo faz uma revisão sistemática tendo como objetivo a busca, na literatura atual, de estudos que comprovem a eficácia de produtos fitoterápicos à base de aroeira no controle do biofilme dental auxiliando no tratamento da gengivite. Foi realizada busca computadorizada nos indexadores MedLine, Lilacs, BBO e Scielo no período de Setembro a Outubro de 2014. Os descritores de pesquisa utilizados foram “biofilme”, “gengivite”, “aroeira”, “plantas medicinais” e “fitoterápicos”, bem como seus correspondentes em língua inglesa. Através dos descritores utilizados, foram encontrados 54 artigos. Após a aplicação dos critérios de inclusão e exclusão, chegou-se a 08 artigos: 05 revisões, 01 estudo clínico randomizado, 01 estudo experimental e 01 estudo observacional descritivo. De acordo com os estudos analisados, a aroeira apresentou atividades antifúngica e antimicrobiana eficazes, bem como potencial efeito de redução do índice de sangramento gengival, o que justifica seu uso no tratamento da gengivite.
ABSTRACT The most important factor to keep periodontal health is proper control of biofilm. Given the difficulties in the mechanical control by patients, alternative or complementary methods have been used as chemical supporting of biofilm control, helping the treatment of gingivitis. Among these alternatives, there is the phytotherapy, through the use of medicinal plants. Thus, this study it is a systematic review and aims to seek, in the current literature, researches proving the effectiveness of aroeira herbal products in the control of dental biofilm, assisting in the treatment of gingivitis. A computerized search was conducted in Medline, Lilacs, Scielo and BBO, from September to October of 2014. The search words used were “biofilm”, “gingivitis”, “aroeira”, “herbal medicines” and “phytotherapics” in Portuguese and English language. Through this method, 54 articles were found. After applying the inclusion and exclusion criteria, the research reached 08 items: 05 reviews, 01 randomized clinical trial, 01 experimental study and 01 descriptive observational study. According to the analyzed papers, the aroeira demonstrated effective antifungal and antimicrobial activities, as well as a potential reduction impact on gingival bleeding index, which would justify its use in the treatment of gingivitis.
Assuntos
Anacardiaceae/classificação , Gengivite/fisiopatologia , Fitoterapia/instrumentação , Plantas Medicinais/classificação , Placa Dentária/classificaçãoRESUMO
Bovine mastitis is the primary disease of dairy cattle that has a great impact on the dairy industry. It is estimated that worldwide economic losses due to mastitis range between US$82 and US$131 per cow/year. A fast and efficient diagnosis of the disease remains a major bottleneck that directly influences the speed with which treatment decisions and management are undertaken. Microbiological culture remains the gold standard in the identification of bacteria that cause mastitis, but the method has inherent limitations, such as a delay in obtaining results and cost, and requires special care during the collection and processing of the sample. For this reason, multiple groups have devoted efforts to develop alternative methods that, preferably, can be easily accomplished in the field. The specificity of the antigen-antibody reaction has enabled the emergence of major diagnostic methods used in clinical practice, such as immunoassays, which have significant advantages in terms of speed, sensitivity, specificity, and portability. Commercially, immunodiagnostics have been used in the detection of various diseases in cattle. However, in several cases, only a presumptive diagnosis can be made, which requires confirmation using culture-based methods. This review discusses the immunological-based assays developed since the 1990s for the detection of Staphylococcus aureus, which is considered the primary pathogen of contagious bovine mastitis. Although no ideal antigens ensure the accurate performance of tests and the costs need to be reduced to allow for good market competitiveness, immunoassays, particularly lateral flow immunoassay and immunoagglutination, have emerged as promising tests to be used in the field.