RESUMO
ABSTRACT The mangaba Hancornia speciosa Gomes (Apocynaceae) is more commercially viable than other native Cerrado fruit trees due to its nutritional properties and high production of fruit used in food products. Although thrips have been reported injuring mangaba, the identification of possible species of economic importance is not yet available. Thus, identifying species that may threaten mangaba plant health is a vital step in implementing management strategies. The aim of this present study was to survey thrips species during the reproductive stage of H. speciosa, determine the variety most susceptible to damage caused by these insects and to check whether the damage is economically important to this fruit tree. Thrips were collected from the ex-situ germplasm of the Agronomy School of the Federal University of Goiás, in Goiás state, Brazil. Twelve plants of three H. speciosa varieties (gardneri, cuyabensis and pubescens) were selected, from which 20 flowers and 20 fruits were assessed for the presence of thrips in September 2018 and 2019. A total of 1,306 thrips representing 13 species were collected from flowers. Of these, Frankliniella gemina was the most abundant. On the fruits, circular lesions were observed, initially as white spots that subsequently turned silver, possibly caused by Heliothrips longisensibilis. These injuries are superficial, rarely compromising large portions of the fruit, and do not cause economic damage. Therefore, thrips are not a primary threat to fruit production for fresh consumption or processing.
RESUMO
Por possuir um sabor adocicado suavemente ácido, o Syzygium malaccense Merr. & Perry é muito consumido e apreciado pela população. Por esse motivo, objetivou-se neste estudo a produção da geleia de jambo, com o intuito de avaliar se a geleia manterá as características fisico-químicas e nutricionais presentes no jambo vermelho in natura, além de verificar sua conformidade com os padrões microbiológicos vigentes. A geleia foi produzida a partir de 800g de polpa de jambo adicionados a 400 mL de água potável sob aquecimento por 40 minutos. Após a peneiração, ao filtrado foram adicionados 275 g de açúcar e 5 mL de ácido cítrico e aquecido por mais 20 minutos até alcançar a consistência desejada. Foram realizadas as determinações de proteínas, lipídios, cinzas, umidade, carboidratos e valor calórico. O doseamento de antocianinas e flavonoides foi utilizado por meio do método descrito por Francis (1982). A geleia apresentou menor porcentagem de umidade (57,5±0,35), proteínas (2,39±0,2), cinzas (0,33±0,03) e lipídios (0,49±0,00), e maior porcentagem de carboidratos (39,29±0,42) quando comparados ao jambo in natura que teve umidade de 91,07±0,22, proteínas de 2,41±0,19, cinzas 0,42±0,07, lipídios 1,12±0,05 e carboidratos 4,97±0,22. Observou-se também que, após o processo de produção da geleia, houve aumento nos percentuais de flavonóides (26,4±0,7) e antocianinas (29±0,78) quando comparado ao fruto in natura que teve antocianinas de 19,37±4,82 e flavonoides de 11,30±3,73. Quanto aos padrões microbiológicos, a geleia de jambo vermelho estava de acordo com os padrões microbiológicos para geleia de frutas determinados pela ANVISA, estando apta para o consumo.(AU)
By having a mildly acidic sweet taste, Syzygium malaccense Merr. & Perry is much consumed and appreciated by the population. For this reason, the objective of this study was the production of Malay apple jelly, with the purpose of evaluating whether the jelly will maintain the physical-chemical and nutritional characteristics present in the fresh Malay apple in natura, in addition to verifying its conformity with the current microbiological standards. The jelly was produced from 800 g of jamb pulp and 400 ml of drinking water was added under heating for 40 minutes. After sieving, to the filtrate was added 275 g of sugar and 5 ml of citric acid and heated for another 20 minutes until reaching the desired consistency. Protein, lipid, ash, moisture, carbohydrate and caloric determinations were performed. The dosage of anthocyanins and flavonoids was used by the method described by Francis (1982). The jelly presented a lower percentage of moisture (57.5 ± 0.35), proteins (2.39 ± 0.2), ashes (0.33 ± 0.03) and lipids (0.49 ± 0.00), and a higher percentage of carbohydrates (39.29± 0.42) when compared to inbred jambo that had a moisture content of 91.07 ± 0.22, proteins of 2.41 ± 0.19, ashes 0.42 ± 0.07, lipids 1.12 ± 0.05 and carbohydrates 4.97 ± 0.22. lt was also observed that even after the jelly production process, the percentage of flavonoids (26.4 ± 0.7) and anthocyanins (29 ± 0.78) increased when compared to the in natura fruit with anthocyanins of 19, 37 ± 4.82 and flavonoids of 11.30 ± 3.73. As for the microbiological standards, the red jamb jelly complied with the microbiological standards for fruit jelly determined by ANVISA, being suitable for consumption.(AU)
Assuntos
Syzygium/fisiologia , Geleia de Frutas , Valor Nutritivo , Fenômenos QuímicosRESUMO
Por possuir um sabor adocicado suavemente ácido, o Syzygium malaccense Merr. & Perry é muito consumido e apreciado pela população. Por esse motivo, objetivou-se neste estudo a produção da geleia de jambo, com o intuito de avaliar se a geleia manterá as características físico-químicas e nutricionais presentes no jambo vermelho in natura, além de verificar sua conformidade com os padrões microbiológicos vigentes. A geleia foi produzida a partir de 800g de polpa de jambo adicionados a 400 mL de água potável sob aquecimento por 40 minutos. Após a peneiração, ao filtrado foram adicionados 275 g de açúcar e 5 mL de ácido cítrico e aquecido por mais 20 minutos até alcançar a consistência desejada. Foram realizadas as determinações de proteínas, lipídios, cinzas, umidade, carboidratos e valor calórico. O doseamento de antocianinas e flavonoides foi utilizado por meio do método descrito por Francis (1982). A geleia apresentou menor porcentagem de umidade (57,5±0,35), proteínas (2,39±0,2), cinzas (0,33±0,03) e lipídios (0,49±0,00), e maior porcentagem de carboidratos (39,29±0,42) quando comparados ao jambo in natura que teve umidade de 91,07±0,22, proteínas de 2,41±0,19, cinzas 0,42±0,07, lipídios 1,12±0,05 e carboidratos 4,97±0,22. Observou-se também que, após o processo de produção da geleia, houve aumento nos percentuais de flavonóides (26,4±0,7) e antocianinas (29±0,78) quando comparado ao fruto in natura que teve antocianinas de 19,37±4,82 e flavonoides de 11,30±3,73. Quanto aos padrões microbiológicos, a geleia de jambo vermelho estava de acordo com os padrões microbiológicos para geleia de frutas determinados pela ANVISA, estando apta para o consumo.
By having a mildly acidic sweet taste, Syzygium malaccense Merr. & Perry is much consumed and appreciated by the population. For this reason, the objective of this study was the production of Malay apple jelly, with the purpose of evaluating whether the jelly will maintain the physical-chemical and nutritional characteristics present in the fresh Malay apple in natura, in addition to verifying its conformity with the current microbiological standards. The jelly was produced from 800 g of jamb pulp and 400 ml of drinking water was added under heating for 40 minutes. After sieving, to the filtrate was added 275 g of sugar and 5 ml of citric acid and heated for another 20 minutes until reaching the desired consistency. Protein, lipid, ash, moisture, carbohydrate and caloric determinations were performed. The dosage of anthocyanins and flavonoids was used by the method described by Francis (1982). The jelly presented a lower percentage of moisture (57.5 ± 0.35), proteins (2.39 ± 0.2), ashes (0.33 ± 0.03) and lipids (0.49 ± 0.00), and a higher percentage of carbohydrates (39.29 ± 0.42) when compared to inbred jambo that had a moisture content of 91.07 ± 0.22, proteins of 2.41 ± 0.19, ashes 0.42 ± 0.07, lipids 1.12 ± 0.05 and carbohydrates 4.97 ± 0.22. It was also observed that even after the jelly production process, the percentage of flavonoids (26.4 ± 0.7) and anthocyanins (29 ± 0.78) increased when compared to the in natura fruit with anthocyanins of 19, 37 ± 4.82 and flavonoids of 11.30 ± 3.73. As for the microbiological standards, the red jamb jelly complied with the microbiological standards for fruit jelly determined by ANVISA, being suitable for consumption.