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Objetivo: estimar a prevalência de nascimento prematuro em gestantes infectadas pela Covid-19, comparar índices de prematuridade entre infectadas e não infectadas e elucidar fatores associados à prematuridade. Métodos: coorte retrospectiva, com coleta de dados por inquérito online, de abril a dezembro de 2022, com mulheres que estiveram gestantes durante a pandemia, com acesso à internet, idade superior a 18 anos e que preencheram o primeiro inquérito online. Protocolo de pesquisa aprovado pelo Comitê de Ética. Resultados: primeiro inquérito respondido por 304 gestantes/puérperas, e o segundo por 82 (27%), compondo a amostra final. O índice de prematuridade no primeiro inquérito foi de 7,2% (n=14), já no segundo, 8,5% (n=7). A infecção pela Covid-19 não foi associada à prematuridade. A prematuridade associou-se a baixo peso, à necessidade de internação em centros de terapia intensiva neonatal e internações após o nascimento. Conclusão: a infecção pela Covid-19 não influenciou no aumento de nascimentos prematuros.

Objective: to estimate the prevalence of preterm birth in pregnant women infected with Covid-19, compare prematurity rates between infected and non-infected, and elucidate factors associated with prematurity. Methods: a retrospective cohort study was conducted using online survey data collected from April to December 2022, involving women who were pregnant during the pandemic, had internet access, were over 18 years old, and completed the initial online survey. The research protocol was approved by the Ethics Committee. Results: the initial survey was completed by 304 pregnant/postpartum women, and the follow-up survey by 82 (27%), comprising the final sample. The preterm birth rate in the initial survey was 7.2% (n=14), and in the follow-up survey, it was 8.5% (n=7). Covid-19 infection was not associated with prematurity. Prematurity was associated with low birth weight, the need for neonatal intensive care unit admission, and postnatal hospitalizations. Conclusion: Covid-19 infection did not influence an increase in preterm births.

Objetivo: estimar la prevalencia de partos prematuros en gestantes infectadas por Covid-19, comparar las tasas de prematuridad entre gestantes infectadas y no infectadas y determinar los factores asociados a la prematuridad. Métodos: estudio de cohorte retrospectivo, con recolección de datos mediante encuesta online, de abril a diciembre de 2022, con mujeres que estuvieron embarazadas durante la pandemia, con acceso a internet, mayores de 18 años y que completaron la primera encuesta online. El protocolo de investigación fue aprobado por el Comité de Ética. Resultados: la primera encuesta fue respondida por 304 gestantes/puérperas, y la segunda por 82 (27%), que conformaron la muestra final. La tasa de prematuridad en la primera encuesta fue del 7,2% (n=14), en la segunda, del 8,5% (n=7). La infección por Covid-19 no se asoció con la prematuridad. La prematuridad se asoció con bajo peso, necesidad de internación en centros de cuidados intensivos neonatales e internaciones después del nacimiento. Conclusión: La infección por Covid-19 no influyó en el aumento de nacimientos prematuros.

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DESTAQUES ● Este mapa de evidências apresenta resultados de efetividade de intervenções realizadas em escolas, recuperadas da literatura científica global. ● Foram incluídos 217 revisões sistemáticas (RS) e 3 estudos primários que avaliaram os efeitos de treze ações relativas à Promoção da Saúde em Escolas. ● Quanto à qualidade metodológica, as RS foram assim classificadas: 9 de confiança alta, 14 moderada, 16 baixa e 178 criticamente baixas. ● As intervenções foram categorizadas segundo as ações previstas no Programa Saúde na Escola (PSE): 1) Combate ao Aedes aegypti; 2) Promoção da atividade física; 3) Promoção da cidadania ; 4) Prevenção da Covid-19; 5) Promoção de direitos sexuais e reprodutivos; 6) Controle de doenças negligenciadas; 7) Ações de saúde auditiva; 8) Ações de saúde bucal; 9) Ações de saúde ocular; 10) Promoção da alimentação saudável; 11) Monitoramento da situação vacinal; 12) Prevenção e uso de substâncias e 13) Prevenção de violências e acidentes.

HIGHLIGHTS ● This evidence map presents results on the effectiveness of interventions carried out in schools, retrieved from the global scientific literature. ● A total of 217 systematic reviews (SRs) and 3 primary studies that evaluated the effects of thirteen actions related to Health Promotion in Schools were included. ● Regarding methodological quality, the SRs were classified as follows: 9 with high confidence, 14 moderate, 16 low and 178 critically low. ● The interventions were categorized according to the actions provided for in the Brazilian School Health Program (PSE): 1) Combating Aedes aegypti; 2) Promoting physical activity; 3) Promoting citizenship; 4) Preventing Covid-19; 5) Promoting sexual and reproductive rights; 6) Controlling neglected diseases; 7) Hearing health actions; 8) Oral health actions; 9) Eye health actions; 10) Promoting healthy eating; 11) Monitoring vaccination status; 12) Prevention and use of substances and 13) Prevention of violence and accidents.

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[RESUMO]. Objetivo. Apresentar a experiência de um serviço de resposta rápida para apoiar a tomada de decisão em saúde. Método. São descritos os processos e resultados de um serviço de produção de revisões rápidas e mapas de evidências para apoiar a tomada de decisão no âmbito da Política Nacional de Promoção da Saúde, bem como a percepção dos autores sobre o processo de trabalho. Resultados. O serviço de resposta rápida teve início em 2020. Até dezembro de 2023, foram produzidas 54 revisões rápidas e cinco mapas de evidências, abrangendo nove temáticas de Promoção da Saúde. Estes produtos foram desenvolvidos em quatorze etapas por uma equipe composta por coordenador, supervisoras, revisores e bibliotecária. O desenvolvimento das respostas rápidas se configurou um processo de tradução do conhecimento e envolveu a interação contínua entre as equipes demandantes e de produção. O estabelecimento de comunicação efetiva foi um fator crítico para que os produtos fossem entregues em tempo oportuno e alinhados às necessidades dos tomadores de decisão e seus apoiadores. Conclusão. Os serviços de resposta rápida podem contribuir para melhorar o uso de evidências na tomada de decisão nas políticas e sistemas de saúde.

[ABSTRACT]. Objective. Present the experience of a rapid response service to support decision-making in health systems. Methodology. Description of the processes and results of a service that produces rapid reviews and evidence maps to support decision-making under the National Health Promotion Policy, as well as the authors' perception of the work process. Results. The rapid response service started in 2020. By December 2023, 54 rapid reviews and five evidence maps had been produced, covering nine health promotion topics. These products were developed in 14 stages by a team made up of a coordinator, supervisors, proofreaders, and a librarian. The development of rapid responses involved a knowledge translation process, with continuous interactions between the requesting teams and production teams. Establishing effective communication was a critical factor in delivering products on time and in line with the needs of decision-makers and their supporters. Conclusion. Rapid response services can help improve the use of evidence for decision-making in health policies and health systems.

[RESUMEN]. Objetivo. Presentación de la experiencia de un servicio de respuesta rápida para brindar apoyo a la toma de decisiones en materia de salud. Método. Se describen los procesos y resultados de un servicio de elaboración de revisiones rápidas y mapas de evidencia para brindar apoyo a la toma de decisiones en el marco de la Política Nacional de Promoción de la Salud, así como la percepción de los autores sobre el proceso de trabajo. Resultados. El servicio de respuesta rápida se inició en el 2020. Hasta diciembre del 2023, se habían elaborado 54 revisiones rápidas y cinco mapas de evidencia, que abarcaban nueve temas de promoción de la salud. Estos productos fueron elaborados en 14 etapas por un equipo formado por un coordinador, varios supervisores y revisores y un bibliotecario. La elaboración de respuestas rápidas fue un proceso de traducción del conocimiento e implicó una interacción continua entre los equipos solicitantes y el equipo de elaboración. El establecimiento de una comunicación eficaz fue un factor decisivo para entregar los productos a tiempo y en consonancia con las necesidades de los responsables de la toma de decisiones y su personal de apoyo. Conclusión. Los servicios de respuesta rápida pueden ayudar a mejorar el uso de evidencia en la toma de decisiones relacionadas con las políticas y los sistemas de salud.

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Resumo O objetivo foi analisar a qualidade dos dados antropométricos de crianças menores de cinco anos em dois sistemas de informação no estado de São Paulo. A amostra compreendeu 2.117.108 crianças do Sistema de Vigilância Alimentar e Nutricional (Sisvan) e 748.551 do Projeto Estadual do Leite (Vivaleite). Inicialmente, avaliamos a frequência de valores faltantes e fora do espectro do equipamento, e calculamos o índice de preferência de dígito para peso. Após calcular os índices de altura para idade (A-I), peso para idade (P-I) e índice de massa corporal para idade (IMC-I), identificamos os valores biologicamente implausíveis (VBI) e calculamos o desvio-padrão (DP). Para cada município, calculamos a média e o DP de A-I, P-I e IMC-I; e plotamos os valores de DP em função da média. A preferência de dígito no peso foi maior em crianças de 24 a 59 meses no Sisvan. A frequência de VBI para A-I (SISVAN 2,56%; Vivaleite 0,98%) foi maior do que para P-I (Sisvan 2,10%; Vivaleite 0,18%). Para o índice A-I as variações entre os municípios foram mais acentuadas no Vivaleite do que no Sisvan. A variável altura apresentou baixa confiabilidade nos dois sistemas. A variável peso apresentou qualidade satisfatória no Vivaleite e insatisfatória no Sisvan.

Abstract This paper involves the analysis of the quality of anthropometric data on children under five years of age in two information systems in the State of São Paulo. The sample included 2,117,108 children from the Food and Nutrition Surveillance System (SISVAN), and 748,551 from the State Milk Project (VIVALEITE). Initially, we evaluated the frequency of missing values and others outside the equipment spectrum and calculated the digit-to-weight preference index. After calculating height-for-age (HAZ), weight-for-age (WAZ), and body mass index-for-age (BAZ), we flagged the biologically implausible values (BIV) and calculated the standard deviation (SD). For each municipality, we calculated the mean and the SD of HAZ, WAZ, and BAZ; and plotted the SD values as a function of the mean. The digit-to-weight preference index was greater among children aged between 24 and 59 months in SISVAN. The frequency of BIV for HAZ (SISVAN 2.56%; VIVALEITE 0.98%) was higher than for WAZ (SISVAN 2.10%; VIVALEITE 0.18%). For HAZ, variations among municipalities were more pronounced in VIVALEITE than in SISVAN. The height variable presents low reliability in both systems. The weight variable reveals satisfactory quality in VIVALEITE and unsatisfactory quality in SISVAN.

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Contexto - A Política Nacional de Saúde Integral da População Negra (PNSIPN) foi instituída em 2009, com o objetivo de "promover a saúde integral da população negra, priorizando a redução das desigualdades étnico-raciais, o combate ao racismo e à discriminação nas instituições e nos serviços do SUS". Entre as pessoas em vulnerabilidade por questões étnico-raciais, a população negra e a indígena estão entre as que sofrem com diversas iniquidades em saúde ocasionadas por barreiras estruturais e cotidianas que incidem negativamente nos indicadores de saúde. Diante do panorama iniciado pela PNSIPN, foram estabelecidos indicadores para o monitoramento da implementação e o desenvolvimento do Guia de Implementação do Quesito Raça/Cor/Etnia. Pergunta - Qual é o grau de qualidade do preenchimento do quesito raça/cor nos sistemas de registro de dados administrativos da saúde? Métodos - As buscas foram realizadas em julho de 2024 nas bases de dados BVS - Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde e Google Acadêmico. Foram utilizados os filtros temporais (2019 a 2024). O processo de seleção de estudos recuperados foi realizado em duplicidade e de modo independente. Resultados - De 1.340 registros recuperados nas buscas, 27 estudos foram incluídos. Os resultados são apresentados de acordo com os sistemas de informação analisados.

Context - The National Policy for Comprehensive Health of the Black Population (PNSIPN) was established in 2009, with the objective of "promoting the comprehensive health of the black population, prioritizing the reduction of ethnic-racial inequalities, combating racism and discrimination in SUS institutions and services". Among people vulnerable due to ethnic-racial issues, the black and indigenous populations are among those who suffer from various health inequities caused by structural and daily barriers that negatively impact health indicators. Given the panorama initiated by the PNSIPN, indicators were established to monitor the implementation and develop the Implementation Guide for the Race/Color/Ethnicity Question. Question - What is the degree of quality of filling out the race/color question in the administrative health data registration systems? Methods - The searches were carried out in July 2024 in the BVS - Virtual Health Library and Google Scholar databases. Time filters were used (2019 to 2024). The selection process of retrieved studies was carried out in duplicate and independently. Results - Of 1,340 records retrieved in the searches, 27 studies were included. The results are presented according to the information systems analyzed.

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Contexto - Para promover o crescimento e o desenvolvimento saudáveis das crianças é necessária uma alimentação adequada desde o início da vida. No entanto, muitas crianças vivem em famílias em situação de insegurança alimentar. Garantir a biodisponibilidade adequada dos micronutrientes é essencial para a eficácia de intervenções nutricionais, especialmente em programas de suplementação destinados a atender populações vulnerabilizadas. Pergunta - Quais são as evidências sobre a biodisponibilidade de cada micronutriente da fórmula dos sachês de Micronutrientes em Pó - NutriSUS para crianças de 6 a 24 meses? Métodos - As buscas por estudos foram realizadas em julho de 2024 nas bases de dados Pubmed, Embase e LILACS - Literatura Latino-Americano e do Caribe de Informação em Ciências da Saúde. Nesta revisão rápida, apenas a seleção de estudos foi realizada em duplicidade e de modo independente. Resultados - As buscas resultaram em 1.805 registros recuperados. Após seleção por leitura de títulos e resumos, 15 estudos elegíveis foram lidos na íntegra, dos quais cinco foram incluídos. Os desfechos analisados referem-se principalmente à absorção do ferro.

Context - To promote healthy growth and development in children, adequate nutrition is necessary from the beginning of life. However, many children live in families experiencing food insecurity. Ensuring adequate bioavailability of micronutrients is essential for the effectiveness of nutritional interventions, especially in supplementation programs aimed at serving vulnerable populations. Question - What is the evidence on the bioavailability of each micronutrient in the formula of the Micronutrient Powder sachets - NutriSUS for children aged 6 to 24 months? Methods - Searches for studies were conducted in July 2024 in the Pubmed, Embase and LILACS databases - Latin American and Caribbean Literature on Health Sciences Information. In this rapid review, only the selection of studies was performed in duplicate and independently. Results - The searches resulted in 1,805 retrieved records. After selection by reading titles and abstracts, 15 eligible studies were read in full, of which five were included. The outcomes analyzed mainly refer to iron absorption.

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OBJECTIVE: To map evidence on nursing care for women with HELLP syndrome. METHOD: A scoping review with searches carried out in May 2023, independently, in the PubMed/MEDLINE, LILACS, Scopus, EMBASE, Web of Science, CINAHL, CAPES Theses and Dissertations Catalog and Cochrane Library databases, correlating the descriptors HELLP Syndrome, Nursing Care and Obstetric Nursing and its synonyms, without delimitation of time and language. Selection was carried out by three researchers independently and resolved by consensus. RESULTS: Of the 129 studies, ten were selected, which made up the final sample. The studies date from 2004 to 2022, with a predominance of English language and clinical case studies. A greater occurrence of the syndrome was observed in second-time pregnant women in the second decade of life, with a gestational age from 32 weeks, which resulted in an emergency cesarean section, and all newborns were discharged accompanied by their mothers. Studies that described nursing diagnoses and focused on nursing care were retrieved. From the review, 39 nursing care were identified. CONCLUSION: This review pointed out the magnitude of the syndrome, however with a lack of studies.

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This paper involves the analysis of the quality of anthropometric data on children under five years of age in two information systems in the State of São Paulo. The sample included 2,117,108 children from the Food and Nutrition Surveillance System (SISVAN), and 748,551 from the State Milk Project (VIVALEITE). Initially, we evaluated the frequency of missing values and others outside the equipment spectrum and calculated the digit-to-weight preference index. After calculating height-for-age (HAZ), weight-for-age (WAZ), and body mass index-for-age (BAZ), we flagged the biologically implausible values (BIV) and calculated the standard deviation (SD). For each municipality, we calculated the mean and the SD of HAZ, WAZ, and BAZ; and plotted the SD values as a function of the mean. The digit-to-weight preference index was greater among children aged between 24 and 59 months in SISVAN. The frequency of BIV for HAZ (SISVAN 2.56%; VIVALEITE 0.98%) was higher than for WAZ (SISVAN 2.10%; VIVALEITE 0.18%). For HAZ, variations among municipalities were more pronounced in VIVALEITE than in SISVAN. The height variable presents low reliability in both systems. The weight variable reveals satisfactory quality in VIVALEITE and unsatisfactory quality in SISVAN.

O objetivo foi analisar a qualidade dos dados antropométricos de crianças menores de cinco anos em dois sistemas de informação no estado de São Paulo. A amostra compreendeu 2.117.108 crianças do Sistema de Vigilância Alimentar e Nutricional (Sisvan) e 748.551 do Projeto Estadual do Leite (Vivaleite). Inicialmente, avaliamos a frequência de valores faltantes e fora do espectro do equipamento, e calculamos o índice de preferência de dígito para peso. Após calcular os índices de altura para idade (A-I), peso para idade (P-I) e índice de massa corporal para idade (IMC-I), identificamos os valores biologicamente implausíveis (VBI) e calculamos o desvio-padrão (DP). Para cada município, calculamos a média e o DP de A-I, P-I e IMC-I; e plotamos os valores de DP em função da média. A preferência de dígito no peso foi maior em crianças de 24 a 59 meses no Sisvan. A frequência de VBI para A-I (SISVAN 2,56%; Vivaleite 0,98%) foi maior do que para P-I (Sisvan 2,10%; Vivaleite 0,18%). Para o índice A-I as variações entre os municípios foram mais acentuadas no Vivaleite do que no Sisvan. A variável altura apresentou baixa confiabilidade nos dois sistemas. A variável peso apresentou qualidade satisfatória no Vivaleite e insatisfatória no Sisvan.

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OBJECTIVE: To evaluate efficacy, safety, and adherence to using adjustable compression wraps (ACWs) for upper limb volume control in women with breast cancer-related lymphedema. DESIGN AND SETTING: Randomized controlled trial at a reference hospital for breast cancer treatment in Brazil. PARTICIPANTS: Women in control phase of the breast cancer-related lymphedema. INTERVENTIONS: Compared use of ACWs versus compressive mesh. MAIN MEASURES: Evaluated before treatment, at 30 days, and 6 months after initiating therapy. The primary outcome was the change in excess limb volume. Secondary outcomes included adherence, incidence of adverse events, functionality, quality of life, and hand grip. Statistical analysis involved calculating the effect size (ES) with a 95% confidence interval. RESULTS: Were included 71 women with mean excess limb volume of 321.79 mL (±194.98). In the 30-day analysis (Time 1), a reduction of 37.6 mL in volume was observed only in the ACW group (p = .041, ES 0.20), with improved functionality (p = .013, ES 0.22). In the six months analysis (Time 2), the compressive mesh group increased by 2.48% in volume (p = .023, ES 0.26) and demonstrated improvement functionality (p = .036, ES 0.27). Mild adverse events and satisfactory adherence were observed. However, in the intergroup comparison, no statistically significant difference was observed for any evaluated outcome-excess volume, incidence of adverse events, adherence, hand grip, quality of life, and functionality between the groups (p > .05) at both times. CONCLUSIONS: Both compression therapies achieved satisfactory adherence, were safe, effective and equivalent for controlling limb volume in breast cancer-related lymphedema.

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Contexto - A alimentação inadequada nos primeiros anos de vida está associada à morbimortalidade de crianças, representada por doenças infecciosas, afecções respiratórias, cárie dental, desnutrição, excesso de peso e carências específicas de micronutrientes como de ferro, zinco e vitamina A. O Estudo Nacional de Alimentação e Nutrição Infantil (ENANI), realizado em 2019 com crianças brasileiras de até 5 anos, mostrou uma redução na prevalência de anemia de 20,9%, em 2006, para 10,1%, em 2019, com diferenças entre as regiões brasileiras. Evidências indicam que o fornecimento de alimentos complementares fortificados a crianças dos 6 aos 23 meses podem reduzir a anemia em 43% e aumentar as concentrações de hemoglobina de forma significativa. Pergunta - Qual é a efetividade das estratégias de fortificação de micronutrientes em pó (MNP) implementadas na alimentação de crianças de 6 meses até 59 meses? Métodos - As buscas por revisões sistemáticas (RS) foram realizadas em abril de 2024 nas bases de dados Lilacs - Literatura Latino-Americana e do Caribe em Ciências da Saúde, Pubmed, Embase e Epistemonikos. Nesta revisão rápida, apenas a seleção de estudos foi realizada em duplicidade e de modo independente. Resultados - As buscas resultaram em 109 registros recuperados. Após seleção por leitura de títulos e resumos, 17 RS elegíveis foram lidas na íntegra, das quais quatro foram incluídas. Os achados foram organizados de acordo com grupos de desfechos avaliados nos estudos: anemia e seus indicadores, estado nutricional, níveis séricos de micronutrientes, eventos adversos.

Context - Inadequate nutrition in the first years of life is associated with morbidity and mortality in children, represented by infectious diseases, respiratory conditions, dental caries, malnutrition, overweight and specific deficiencies of micronutrients such as iron, zinc and vitamin A. The National Study of Child Feeding and Nutrition (ENANI), carried out in 2019 with Brazilian children up to 5 years old, showed a reduction in the prevalence of anemia from 20.9%, in 2006, to 10.1%, in 2019, with differences between Brazilian regions. Evidence indicates that providing fortified complementary foods to children aged 6 to 23 months can reduce anemia by 43% and significantly increase hemoglobin concentrations. Question - How effective are the strategies for fortifying powdered micronutrients (MNP) implemented in the diets of children aged 6 months to 59 months? Methods - Searches for systematic reviews (SRs) were conducted in April 2024 in the databases Lilacs - Latin American and Caribbean Literature in Health Sciences, Pubmed, Embase and Epistemonikos. In this rapid review, only the selection of studies was performed in duplicate and independently. Results - The searches resulted in 109 retrieved records. After selection by reading titles and abstracts, 17 eligible SRs were read in full, of which four were included. The findings were organized according to groups of outcomes evaluated in the studies: anemia and its indicators, nutritional status, serum micronutrient levels, adverse events.

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INTRODUCTION: Asthma symptoms are dyspnea, chronic cough, wheezing, chest tightness, or chest discomfort, which can directly limit the activities of daily living (ADL), which is frequently reported by adults with asthma. Evaluating ADL with a reliable protocol at the usual speed is necessary. OBJECTIVES: To investigate the validity, reliability, minimal detectable change (MDC), and standard error of measurement (SEM) of the Londrina ADL Protocol (LAP) for adults with asthma. METHODS: Adults with asthma were evaluated with the LAP test. Spearman's correlation coefficient was used to verify validity with the 6-min walk test (6MWT), Glittre-ADL test, and London Chest Activity of Daily Living (LCADL). To test the reliability, the test was reapplied in at least 30 min; the Wilcoxon test and Intraclass Correlation Coefficient (ICC), SEM, MDC, and learning effect were performed. RESULTS: Fifty-three individuals were included (26% men, 43 ± 15 years, BMI 28 ± 8 kg/m2, FEV1 70 ± 24%predicted). For convergent validity, the LAP test was correlated with the 6MWT, Glittre-ADL, and LCADL scale (r = -0.49, 0.71, and 0.30, respectively; p < 0.03). There was a difference in test-retest (p < 0.0001) and reliability analysis shows ICC3 of 0.94, SEM of 14.88 s (22%), and MDC of 41.23 s (15%). Furthermore, the individuals performed the second test with -23 ± 19 (7.9%) s. CONCLUSION: The LAP test is valid and reliable for assessing limitations during ADL in adults with asthma. Considerable learning effect was observed, therefore, the best of two measures may avoid underestimation.

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The safety of exercise practice by individuals with cardiovascular disease is due to a good clinical evaluation to identify patients with a higher risk of adverse events, thus the study of simple variables capable of predicting the rate of events during exercise is relevant and may provide better screening tools to be applied in the clinical practice. The study aimed to evaluate if clinical and physical parameters can predict the rate of adverse events during exercise-based cardiac rehabilitation. This was a cohort study that followed 73 patients during 24 sessions of exercise. Were registered 217 simple adverse events, at a rate of 2.5 events per hour of exercise. We found that higher adiposity, worse pulmonary function, lower functional capacity, and reduced heart rate variability were significant and acceptable predictors of adverse events during exercise, according to the ROC curve analysis. We state that these simple physical parameters may be useful for cardiac risk stratification in cardiac rehabilitation programs with low resources, contributing to its safety.

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S. scabra is an important forage and extremophilic plant native to the Brazilian Caatinga semiarid region. It has only recently been subjected to omics-based investigations, and the generated datasets offer insights into biotechnologically significant candidates yet to be thoroughly examined. INSs (inositol and its derivatives) and RFO (raffinose oligosaccharide family) pathways emerge as pivotal candidates, given their critical roles in plant physiology. The mentioned compounds have also been linked to negative impacts on the absorption of nutrients in mammals, affecting overall nutritional intake and metabolism. Therefore, studying these metabolic pathways is important not just for plants but also for animals who depend on them as part of their diet. INS and RFO pathways in S. scabra stood out for their abundance of identified loci and enzymes. The enzymes exhibited genomic redundancy, being encoded by multiple loci and various gene families. The phylogenomic analysis unveiled an expansion of the PIP5K and GolS gene families relative to the immediate S. scabra ancestor. These enzymes are crucial for synthesizing key secondary messengers and the RFO precursor, respectively. Transcriptional control of the studied pathways was associated with DOF-type, C2H2, and BCP1 transcription factors. Identification of biological processes related to INS and RFO metabolic routes in S. scabra highlighted their significance in responding to stressful conditions prevalent in the Caatinga environment. Finally, RNA-Seq and qPCR data revealed the relevant influence of genes of the INS and RFO pathways in the S. scabra response to water deprivation. Our study deciphers the genetics and transcriptomics of the INS and RFO in S. scabra, shedding light on their importance for a Caatinga-native plant and paving the way for future biotechnological applications in this species and beyond.

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Under the recently adopted Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework, 196 Parties committed to reporting the status of genetic diversity for all species. To facilitate reporting, three genetic diversity indicators were developed, two of which focus on processes contributing to genetic diversity conservation: maintaining genetically distinct populations and ensuring populations are large enough to maintain genetic diversity. The major advantage of these indicators is that they can be estimated with or without DNA-based data. However, demonstrating their feasibility requires addressing the methodological challenges of using data gathered from diverse sources, across diverse taxonomic groups, and for countries of varying socio-economic status and biodiversity levels. Here, we assess the genetic indicators for 919 taxa, representing 5271 populations across nine countries, including megadiverse countries and developing economies. Eighty-three percent of the taxa assessed had data available to calculate at least one indicator. Our results show that although the majority of species maintain most populations, 58% of species have populations too small to maintain genetic diversity. Moreover, genetic indicator values suggest that IUCN Red List status and other initiatives fail to assess genetic status, highlighting the critical importance of genetic indicators.

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Physical mapping evidences the chromosome organization and structure. Despite the data about plant cytogenomics, physical mapping has been conducted from single-copy and/or low-copy genes for few species. Carica papaya cytogenomics has been accomplished from BAC-FISH and repeatome sequences. We aimed to map the serk 2, svp-like and mdar 4 sequences in C. papaya. The sequences were amplified and the amplicons sequenced, showing similarity in relation to serk 2, svp-like and mdar 4 genes. Carica papaya diploidy was confirmed and the mitotic chromosomes characterized. The chromosome 1 exhibited the secondary constriction pericentromeric to the centromere of the long arm. So, we concluded that it is the sex chromosomes. serk 2 was mapped in the long arm interstitial portion of the sex chromosomes, and the interphase nuclei showed two fluorescence signals. Considering these results and the sequencing data from the C. papaya sex chromosomes, svp-like and mdar 4 genes were mapped in the interstitial region of the sex chromosome long arm. Both sequences showed only one fluorescence signal in the interphase nuclei. The procedure adopted here can be reproduced for other single-copy and/or low-copy genes, allowing the construction of cytogenetic maps. In addition, we revisited the cytogenomics data about C. papaya sex chromosomes, presenting a revised point of view about the structure and evolution to these chromosomes.

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This study aims to examine the effectiveness of mycocins produced by Wickerhamomyces anomalus in inhibiting Malassezia pachydermatis, a yeast commonly found in the ear canal of dogs. M. pachydermatis has a zoophilic origin and can be found in mammals, and frequently in dogs, where it mainly colonizes the ear canal region and the skin, leading to lesions that are difficult to treat. The antimicrobial mechanism was evaluated using dilutions of supernatant with enzymatic activity, which may include ß-glucanases, glycoproteins known to act on microorganism cell walls. However, it is important to note that this supernatant may contain other compounds as well. ß-glucanases in the mycocins supernatant were found at a concentration of 0.8 U/mg. The susceptibility of M. pachydermatis isolates was tested using the microdilution method. The isolates suffered 100% inhibition when tested with the culture supernatant containing mycocins. In the proteinases production test, 44% of the isolates tested were strong proteinases producers. Subsequently all these isolates suffered inhibition of their activity when tested in research medium containing mycocins supernatant at a subinhibitory concentration of ß-glucanases. This shows that mycocins can inhibit the production of proteinases, a virulence factor of M. pachydermatis. The viability test showed the antifungal action of mycocins in inhibiting the viability of M. pachydermatis cells after a period of 8  hours of contact. These results support the antimicrobial potential of mycocins and their promise as a therapeutic option.

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Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) is a chronic condition with growing worldwide prevalence. Besides genetic factors, a sedentary lifestyle, excess weight, and inadequate eating habits, characterized by an excess intake of refined carbohydrates and ultra-processed foods, are contributing factors for the development of the disease. In this scenario, promoting a plant-based diet, and limiting animal product consumption while increasing the intake of vegetables, concurrently with healthy lifestyle habits, is a promising strategy to prevent T2DM. This scoping review, carried out between 2017 and 2022, aimed to gather evidence substantiating the benefits of a plant-based diet in T2DM prevention, considering different eating patterns, such as vegetarian, vegan, Mediterranean, and DASH diets. Several studies demonstrate a significant reduction in T2DM incidence among individuals adopting plant-based eating patterns or emphasizing healthy plant-based food alongside decreased intake or exclusion of animal-based foods. There are still no robust data regarding plant-based diets and the prevention of diabetes without loss in body weight. Hence, prospective studies in plant-based diets with weight control are needed. Nevertheless, adopting plant-based diets appears to induce significant weight loss, which is crucial in an obesity-endemic context. Thus, embracing plant-based diets, along with healthy habits, emerges as a relevant strategy in obesity and T2DM prevention.

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Contexto - As mortes maternas, em sua maioria, são consideradas evitáveis. Near miss materno, situação de uma mulher que quase morreu devido a uma complicação materna grave, é um critério relacionado à prevenção de mortes maternas. Ambas podem ser afetadas por iniquidades em saúde. Nesse sentido, o objetivo desta revisão rápida foi identificar como as iniquidades em saúde influenciam as taxas de mortes maternas e de near miss. Pergunta - Quais são as evidências sobre as taxas de mortalidade materna e near miss no contexto de iniquidades em saúde? Métodos - As buscas de estudos primários e secundários foram realizadas em 22 de abril de 2024 nas bases de dados Lilacs - Literatura Latino-Americana e do Caribe em Ciências da Saúde (via Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde - BVS), Pubmed e Epistemonikos. A seleção de estudos foi realizada em duplicidade e de modo independente. Apenas as revisões sistemáticas foram avaliadas quanto à qualidade metodológica. Resultados - De 360 registros recuperados nas buscas, 19 estudos foram incluídos. Os estudos se referem a dados especialmente dos Estados Unidos, com foco em mulheres negras. Apenas dois estudos abordam o contexto brasileiro. Os achados foram agrupados em duas categorias: (i) iniquidades em saúde e mortalidade materna; (ii) iniquidades em saúde e near miss.

Context - Most maternal deaths are considered preventable. Maternal near miss, a situation in which a woman almost died due to a serious maternal complication, is a criterion related to the prevention of maternal deaths. Both can be affected by health inequities. In this sense, the objective of this rapid review was to identify how health inequities influence the rates of maternal deaths and near miss. Question - What is the evidence on maternal mortality and near miss rates in the context of health inequities? Methods - Searches for primary and secondary studies were carried out on April 22, 2024 in the databases Lilacs - Latin American and Caribbean Literature in Health Sciences (via the Virtual Health Library - VHL), Pubmed and Epistemonikos. Study selection was performed in duplicate and independently. Only systematic reviews were assessed for methodological quality. Results - Of 360 records retrieved in the searches, 19 studies were included. The studies refer to data especially from the United States, with a focus on black women. Only two studies address the Brazilian context. The findings were grouped into two categories: (i) health inequities and maternal mortality; (ii) health inequities and near miss.

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OBJECTIVES: The aim of the present study was to assess the cytocompatibility of epoxy resin-based AH Plus Jet (Dentsply De Trey, Konstanz, Germany), Sealer Plus (MK Life, Porto Alegre, Brazil), calcium silicate-based Bio-C Sealer (Angelus, Londrina, PR, Brazil), Sealer Plus BC (MK Life) and AH Plus BC (Dentsply) through a tridimensional (3D) culture model of human osteoblast-like cells. METHODS: Spheroids of MG-63 cells were produced and exposed to fresh root canal sealers extracts by 24 h, and the cytotoxicity was assessed by the Lactate Dehydrogenase assay (LDH). The distribution of dead cells within the microtissue was assessed by fluorescence microscopy, and morphological effects were investigated by histological analysis. The secreted inflammatory mediators were detected in cell supernatants through flow luminometry (XMap Luminex). RESULTS: Cells incubated with AH Plus Jet, AH Plus BC, Sealer Plus BC and Bio-C Sealer extracts showed high rates of cell viability, while the Sealer Plus induced a significant reduction of cell viability, causing reduction on the spheroid structure. Sealer Plus and Seaker Plus BC caused alterations on 3D microtissue morphology. The AH Plus BC extract was associated with the downregulation of secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-5, IL-7, IP-10 and RANTES. CONCLUSIONS: The new AH Plus BC calcium silicate-based endodontic sealer did not reduce cell viability in vitro, while led to the downregulation of pro-inflammatory cytokines. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE: Choosing the appropriate endodontic sealer is a crucial step. AH Plus BC demonstrated high cell viability and downregulation of pro-inflammatory cytokines, appearing reliable for clinical use, while Sealer Plus presented lower cytocompatibility.

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The objective was to investigate the association between the school context and the occurrence of multiple partners among adolescents, considering individual variables (age, gender, Bolsa Família, LGB, early sexual initiation and use of alcohol or drugs in the last sex). Cross-sectional study with multilevel analysis carried out in 2018 with adolescent students from Olinda, Brazil. The variable (multiple partners) was collected based on the 'Youth Risk Behavior Survey' questionnaire. School context variables were time in school (regular school vs. full/semi-full school) and the Social Vulnerability Index of the school district. Of 2,500 participants, 1,044 were analyzed for being sexually active and most had two or more partners (63.89%). Regular school students were more likely (OR 1.47, CI 1.10-1.97) to have multiple sexual partners compared to those in full-day schools/half-day schools. However, no association was found in relation to the SVI of the schools' neighborhoods (OR 1.18, IC 0.82-1.70). More time spent at school was associated with fewer chances of multiple sexual partners, while studying in schools located in highly vulnerable neighborhoods was not associated with the occurrence of multiple sexual partners among adolescents.

O estudo investiga a associação entre o contexto escolar e a ocorrência de múltiplos parceiros entre adolescentes, considerando as variáveis individuais. Estudo transversal com análise multinível, realizado no período de fevereiro a junho de 2018 com estudantes de 14 a 19 anos. A variável desfecho (múltiplos parceiros sexuais) foi coletada com base no questionário Youth Risk Behavior Survey (YRBS). As variáveis do contexto escolar foram tempo na escola (escola regular vs escola integral/semi-integral) e índice de vulnerabilidade social (IVS) do bairro onde a escola está localizada. De 2.500 participantes, 1.044 foram analisados por serem sexualmente ativos. A maioria dos adolescentes (63,89%) teve dois ou mais parceiros. Estudantes de escola regular (mínimo de 4h diárias) tiveram mais chances (OR 1.47, IC 1.10-1.97) de terem múltiplos parceiros sexuais quando comparados àqueles de escola integral/semi-integral (mínimo de 7h diárias). Porém, não houve associação em relação ao IVS dos bairros das escolas (OR 1.18, IC 0.82-1.70). Maior tempo na escola esteve associado a menor chance de múltiplos parceiros sexuais, enquanto estudar em escolas localizadas em bairro de alta vulnerabilidade não esteve associado à ocorrência de múltiplos parceiros sexuais entre adolescentes.

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