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The aim of this study was to evaluate the correlation between hepatitis B virus (HBV) load and serum levels of transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF-ß1) and soluble Fas (sFas) cytokines in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) patients who have never been treated with antiretroviral therapy. HBV and hepatitis C virus (HCV) serological markers, sFas and TGF-ß1 levels, and HBV load were evaluated in 116 patients. While there was no correlation between TGF-ß1 levels and HBV load, a positive correlation between sFas levels and HBV load was observed in patients with occult HBV infection.

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OBJECTIVE: determine the seroprevalence of HBV and HCV in SLE patients attended at the University Hospital fromOctober 2009 to July 2010. METHOD: the serological markers for HBV (HBsAg, anti-HBc total and anti-HBs) andHCV (anti-HCV) were investigated by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). In HBsAg and/or anti-HBc totaland anti-HCV positive samples were analyzed for HBV-DNA and HCV-RNA by PCR. RESULTS: one hundred andsixty-nine SLE patients were studied and the prevalence of anti-HBc total was 10.1% (17/169) and all were negative forHBV-DNA. The anti-HCV was present in 1.8% (3/169) and only one was HCV-RNA positive, presenting a viral load of212.000 copies/mL. CONCLUSIONS: considering the absence of data on HBV in SLE patients in Brazil, the prevalencefound in this study was high when compared to that reported in the general population in the same geographical area.With regard to the seroprevalence of HCV, it was lower than that observed in other Brazilian SLE patients.

OBJETIVO: determinar a soroprevalência do HBV e HCV em pacientes com LES atendidos em Hospital Universitáriode Outubro de 2009 a Julho de 2010. MÉTODO: pesquisaram-se os marcadores sorológicos para o HBV (HBsAg,anti-HBc total e anti-HBs) e HCV (anti-HCV) através de ensaio imunoenzimático (ELISA). Nas amostras HBsAg e/ouanti-HBc total e anti-HCV positivas foram pesquisados o HBV-DNA e HCV-RNA, pela reação em cadeia da polimerase(PCR). RESULTADOS: 169 pacientes lúpicos foram estudados e a prevalência do anti-HBc total foi 10,1% (17/169),com negatividade para o HBV-DNA. O anti-HCV esteve presente em 1,8% (3/169) dos pacientes e em apenas um oHCV-RNA foi positivo, com carga viral de 212.000 cópias/mL. CONCLUSÃO: em virtude da inexistência de outrostrabalhos brasileiros que relatem a prevalência do HBV em pacientes lúpicos, verificou-se que a prevalência encontradana pesquisa foi superior a da população local. Com relação à soroprevalência do HCV, esta foi menor do que a verificadaem pacientes lúpicos brasileiros.

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The aims of this study were to investigate the genotypes of hepatitis B virus and to identify the precore G1896A and basal core promoter A1762T/G1764A mutations in HBsAg and anti-HBc-positive patients. Eighty-three asymptomatic individuals, three with acute hepatitis B and 33 with chronic hepatitis B referred to viral hepatitis centers in the State of Alagoas, Brazil were analyzed according to their viral load, HBeAg/anti-HBe profile and alanine aminotransferase serum level. The genotypes identified were: A (92.5%), C (5%), D (1.25%) and F (1.25%). The precore mutation was detected in 3.8% of sequences and basal core promoter mutation in 52.4%. These were identified in 45.45% of the asymptomatic individuals and 54.55% of the patients with chronic hepatitis, irrespective of viral load and alanine aminotransferase serum level. In genotype C, only the basal core promoter mutation was identified and no mutations were identified in genotypes D and F.

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CONTEXT: Blood transfusion is one of the major risk factors for the transmission of the hepatitis B (HBV) and C (HCV) viruses. However, there are no reports describing the endoscopic transmission of these viruses in patients with the hepatosplenic form of schistosomiasis. OBJECTIVE: To estimate the prevalence of serological markers of HBV and HCV in patients with the hepatosplenic form of schistosomiasis and evaluate the possible risk factors associated with these infections. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted on 230 patients with hepatosplenic form of schistosomiasis who attended a university hospital in Recife, Northeastern Brazil, from February to August 2008. The patients answered a standardized questionnaire about risk factors. Serum samples were analyzed for anti-HBc total, anti-HBs, HBsAg, and anti-HCV using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. Univariate analysis and multiple logistic regression were performed. RESULTS: The prevalence was 30% for anti-HBc total and/or HBsAg and 7.4% for anti-HCV. There was a higher frequency of the serological markers in females and in patients aged .50 years. A significant association was detected between the presence of anti-HCV and the receipt of six or more blood transfusions. There was no association of history and number of digestive endoscopies with the serological markers analyzed. CONCLUSIONS: We observed a higher prevalence of serological markers for HBV and a lower prevalence of anti-HCV. Our results indicate that females and patients of an advanced age are the most affected categories and that patients that received multiple transfusions are at a higher probability of HCV infection.

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CONTEXT: Blood transfusion is one of the major risk factors for the transmission of the hepatitis B (HBV) and C (HCV) viruses. However, there are no reports describing the endoscopic transmission of these viruses in patients with the hepatosplenic form of schistosomiasis. OBJECTIVE: To estimate the prevalence of serological markers of HBV and HCV in patients with the hepatosplenic form of schistosomiasis and evaluate the possible risk factors associated with these infections. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted on 230 patients with hepatosplenic form of schistosomiasis who attended a university hospital in Recife, Northeastern Brazil, from February to August 2008. The patients answered a standardized questionnaire about risk factors. Serum samples were analyzed for anti-HBc total, anti-HBs, HBsAg, and anti-HCV using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. Univariate analysis and multiple logistic regression were performed. RESULTS: The prevalence was 30 percent for anti-HBc total and/or HBsAg and 7.4 percent for anti-HCV. There was a higher frequency of the serological markers in females and in patients aged .50 years. A significant association was detected between the presence of anti-HCV and the receipt of six or more blood transfusions. There was no association of history and number of digestive endoscopies with the serological markers analyzed. CONCLUSIONS: We observed a higher prevalence of serological markers for HBV and a lower prevalence of anti-HCV. Our results indicate that females and patients of an advanced age are the most affected categories and that patients that received multiple transfusions are at a higher probability of HCV infection.

CONTEXTO: A transfusão sanguínea destaca-se entre os fatores de risco implicados na transmissão dos vírus das hepatites B (VHB) e C (VHC); entretanto não há relatos da transmissão endoscópica destes vírus em pacientes com esquistossomose na forma hepatoesplênica. OBJETIVO: Estimar a prevalência dos marcadores sorológicos do VHB e VHC em pacientes com esquistossomose hepatoesplênica e avaliar os possíveis fatores de risco associados a essas infecções. MÉTODOS: Estudo do tipo transversal, com 230 pacientes com esquistossomose hepatoesplênica atendidos em um Hospital Universitário de Recife, PE, Brasil, no período de fevereiro a agosto de 2008. Os pacientes responderam a um questionário padronizado sobre os fatores de risco. Nas amostras de soro foram pesquisados o anti-HBc total, o anti-HBs, o HBsAg e o anti-VHC por ensaio imunoenzimático. As análises estatísticas utilizadas foram a univariada e a regressão logística múltipla. RESULTADOS: Encontrou-se prevalencia de 30 por cento para anti-HBc total e/ou HBsAg e 7,4 por cento para o anti-VHC. Houve maior frequencia de pacientes positivos do sexo feminino e idade .50 anos para os marcadores analisados. Verificou-se associação significativa entre a presenca do anti-HCV e a categoria de seis ou mais transfusões. Nao foi constatada associação do antecedente e numero de endoscopias digestivas com os marcadores sorologicos analisados. CONCLUSÕES: Constatou-se maior prevalência de marcadores sorológicos do VHB e menor prevalência para o anti-VHC. Evidenciou-se o sexo feminino e paciente de idade avançada como as categorias mais atingidas e maior probabilidade da infecção pelo VHC em pacientes politransfundidos.

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Objetivo: determinar a prevalência e os fatores de risco para a co-infecção pelo vírusda hepatite C (HCV) em pacientes com o vírus da imunodeficiência humana (HIV).Método: estudo analítico; foram testadas 299 amostras de sangue de pacientesinfectados pelo HIV, atendidos no Hospital Universitário de Maceió-AL, entre maio enovembro de 2005. Utilizou-se o teste imunoenzimático (ELISA) kit da Wierner Lab®(Rosário-Argentina) para a detecção do anti-HCV e a Reação em Cadeia daPolimerase (RT-PCR) para a pesquisa do HCV-RNA. Para a análise dos fatores derisco foi utilizado um questionário elaborado especificamente para o estudo.Resultados: das 299 amostras analisadas 10 (3,3%) foram positivas para o anti-HCV edestas 7 (2,3%) apresentaram também o HCV-RNA. Os fatores de risco que estiveramassociados à co-infecção HIV/HCV foram antecedentes de hepatite/icterícia e uso detatuagem/piercing. Conclusão: a baixa prevalência da co-infecção HIV/HCVencontrada na pesquisa poderá estar relacionada com a pouca exposição parenteral,principalmente transfusão de sangue e uso de drogas injetáveis, dos pacientesinfectados com o HIV em Maceió

Objective: the objective of the present study was to determine the prevalence and risk factors of thehepatitis C virus (HCV) in carriers of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Methods: tests werecarried out on 299 blood samples from HIV patients attending the University Hospital of Maceió inthe state of Alagoas, from May to November, 2005. The enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA)of Wiener Lab® kit (Rosário-Argentina) was used to detect anti-HCV and polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR) so as to study the HCV-RNA. A questionnaire was created specifically for this study inorder to analyze the risk factors. Results: analysis of the 299 samples revealed that 10 (3.3%) sampleswere positive for anti-HCV and 7 (2.3%) presented HCV-RNA. The risk factors associated toHCV/HIV coinfection indicated a history of hepatitis/jaundice and tattooing/piercing. Conclusion: thelow prevalence of HCV/HIV coinfection encountered during this investigation is probably due to a lowincidence of parenteral exposure, mainly those of blood transfusions and the use of injected drugs inHIV infected patients in Maceió.

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Objetivo: pesquisar o anti-HCV em portadores de esquistossomose mansônica. Método: foram testadas amostras de soro de 184 pacientes atendidos no Ambulatório de Gastroenterologia do Hospital das Clínicas da Universidade Federal de Pemambuco, empregando-se o ELISA de 3ª geração (Wiener) de acordo com as instruções do fabricante. Resultados: detectou-se resultado positivo para o anti-HCV em 22 pacientes, revelando uma prevalência de 11,9%. Entre os co-infectados de ambos os sexos, 90,9% apresentaram aforma hepatoesplênica da esquistossomose e 54,5% já havia recebido transfusão sangüínea. Analisando-se o passado de endoscopia digestiva, todos os pacientes co-infectados do sexo masculino e 81,8% do sexo feminino foram submetidos ao procedimento. Conclusões: foi alta a prevalência do anti-HCV em portadores de esquistossomose, a história de transfusão sangüínea e principalmente endoscopia digestiva mostraram-se como prováveis fontes de infecção.

Objective: to research the anti-HCV antibody prevalence in patients diagnosed with mansonic schistosomiasis. Methos: serum sample of 184 patients attending the Gastroenterology Clinics of Hospital das Clínicas da Universidade Federal de Pernambuco were tested for anti-HCV by a third generation ELISA (Wiener@) according to the manufacturer's instructions. Results: a positive resultfor anti-HCV was detected in 22 patients, establishing a prevalence of 11.9%. Among coinfected ofboth sexes, 90.9% had presented hepatosplenic schistosomiasis and 54.5% had had blood transfusion. Analyzing the endoscopy in the past, all coinfected male patients and 81.8% of coinfected females had undergone endoscopy previously. Conclusions: the prevalence of anti-HCV in schistosomiasis patients was high. B/ood transfusion and particularly digestive endoscopy were shown as probable infection sources.

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