RESUMO
ABSTRACT Purpose: to identify associated factors and preventive measures for aspiration pneumonia in hospitalized elderly patients. Methods: the PPOT (population, predictor, outcome, and type of study) was the strategy used to define the eligibility criteria: (1) Population: people over 60 years of age; (2) predictor: hospitalized patients (3) Outcomes: associated factors and measures to prevent aspiration pneumonia; (4) Type of study: Observational Studies (transversal and case-control). We performed the data collection in the PubMed, Lilacs, Scielo, Google Scholar, Science Direct, and Web of Science databases. Observational studies on factors associated with aspiration pneumonia and preventive measures in the elderly, without language restriction and available in full, were included. Data on authors/year/country, objective, methodology, sample, and results, were collected. The risk of bias was assessed, according to the JBI Critical Appraisal Checklist. Results: a case-control and two cross-sectional studies were analyzed. One paper presented a smaller sample with 86 patients, and another presented a larger sample comprising 443 patients. The median age was 77 years old. Conclusion: factors such as severe stroke, dysphagia, advanced age, male gender, coronary heart disease, lower Glasgow coma scale score, use of mechanical ventilation for more than 48 hours, and aspiration of colonized gastric juice were associated with aspiration pneumonia.
RESUMO
Introdução: Desequilíbrio afeta a qualidade de vida de idosos. Objetivo: verificar a ocorrência para quedas em idosos asilares de Sergipe. Método: Utilizou-se o Teste de Equilíbrio Orientado pelo Desempenho e Escala de Equilíbrio de Berg. Resultados: 56,1% da amostra apresentou risco de quedas na Escala de Equilíbrio de Berg com associação significante com idade e tendência para o gênero feminino. No Teste do Equilíbrio Orientado pelo Desempenho, 27,5% estiveram alterados. Constatou-se a associação entre risco de quedas nos dois testes. Conclusão: Ocorreu associação significante para risco de queda em idosos institucionalizados, principalmente nos de gênero feminino e nos mais velhos.
Introduction: Balance disorder affects the quality of life in elderly. Purpose: to verify the occurence of falls in institutionalized elderly of Sergipe. Method: It was used the Performance Oriented Mobility Assessment of Gait and Balance and Berg Balance Scale. Results: 56.1% of the sample presented risk of falls in the Berg Balance Scale with significant association with age and tendency for females. 27.5% presented abnormal results in Performance Oriented Mobility Assessment of Gait. It was found the association between risks of falls in both tests. Conclusion: there was significant association for risk of falls in institutionalized elderly, mainly in the female and older.