RESUMO
OBJECTIVE: An experiment was conducted to the effects of increasing levels of crude glycerin (0, 6, 12 and 18%) used as a substitute for corn in lamb feed on the quantitative characteristics of the carcass. METHODS: A total of 40 crossbred Santa Inês lambs that were four months old with a mean initial weight of 21.0 ± 0.8 kg were randomly distributed in four treatments with ten replicates. The animals were slaughtered after 66 days of confinement. The effects of crude glycerin as a replacement for corn in the diet of the lambs on the carcass characteristics, commercial cut weight and yield and carcass measurements were studied. RESULTS: There was an increasing linear effect for body weight at slaughter with the replacement of corn by crude glycerin. The dry matter (DM) and metabolizable energy (ME) intakes, weight of the empty body, hot carcass weight and cold carcass weight showed a quadratic effect, with maximum crude glycerin levels estimated at 10.9, 9.8, 10.83, 11.78 and 11.35%, respectively. The initial pH was not influenced by the substitution of corn for crude glycerin, while the final pH presented a quadratic effect. The other parameters of the carcass and the weights and yields of commercial cuts were not influenced. There was also no effect of the diets on carcass morphometric measurements, except for the thoracic perimeter and the carcass compactness index, which presented quadratic and linear effects, respectively. CONCLUSION: Crude glycerin can replace up to 18% of corn because favour the muscle tissue deposition without promoting changes in the main carcass characteristics of lambs.
RESUMO
Background: Cryptococcosis is an important zoonotic disease that occurs worldwide. The disease is caused by a soilborne opportunistic fungus of the genus Cryptococcus, which can also be found in the feces of birds, especially pigeons. In Brazil, the geographical distribution of the agent is fairly defined, with the species C. gattii predominantly found in the north-eastern states. Diagnosis is based on the clinical history, physical examination findings, and results of complementary testing, such as cytopathological and histopathological examinations. This report aims to describe the clinical and anatomopathological findings in a case of systemic cryptococcosis in a dog.Case: A 4-year-old female Miniature Schnauzer was referred for necropsy. For 3 months prior to death, the dog had displayed generalized alopecia, pruritus, and severe weight loss, Initially, a private veterinarian had suspected leishmaniasis. Gross examination was performed and samples for cytopathology, histopathology, and fungal culture were obtained. The macroscopic examination revealed generalized alopecia, congested mucosa, cachexia, hyperemia of the brain, and multiple white nodules measuring 0.5 cm to 4 cm in the lungs and the kidneys. None of the other organs showed significant lesions. Cytopathological examination of the nodules revealed a highly cellular sample, with a severe chronic inflammatory response, characterized by multinucleated giant cells and round-to-elliptical, yeast-shaped structures (5-10 µm), suggestive of Cryptococcus organisms. Histopathological examination of the lungs, kidneys, and brain revealed a severe diffuse chronic inflammatory process, with lymphocytic infiltration and multinucleated giant cells; countless yeast-shaped, round-to-ovoid structures (similar in appearance to soap bubbles) that were negative in hematoxylin-eosin stain were also present.[...]
Assuntos
Feminino , Animais , Cães , Criptococose/diagnóstico , Criptococose/fisiopatologia , Criptococose/veterinária , Dermatopatias/veterinária , Técnicas Histológicas/métodos , Técnicas Histológicas/veterináriaRESUMO
Background: Cryptococcosis is an important zoonotic disease that occurs worldwide. The disease is caused by a soilborne opportunistic fungus of the genus Cryptococcus, which can also be found in the feces of birds, especially pigeons. In Brazil, the geographical distribution of the agent is fairly defined, with the species C. gattii predominantly found in the north-eastern states. Diagnosis is based on the clinical history, physical examination findings, and results of complementary testing, such as cytopathological and histopathological examinations. This report aims to describe the clinical and anatomopathological findings in a case of systemic cryptococcosis in a dog.Case: A 4-year-old female Miniature Schnauzer was referred for necropsy. For 3 months prior to death, the dog had displayed generalized alopecia, pruritus, and severe weight loss, Initially, a private veterinarian had suspected leishmaniasis. Gross examination was performed and samples for cytopathology, histopathology, and fungal culture were obtained. The macroscopic examination revealed generalized alopecia, congested mucosa, cachexia, hyperemia of the brain, and multiple white nodules measuring 0.5 cm to 4 cm in the lungs and the kidneys. None of the other organs showed significant lesions. Cytopathological examination of the nodules revealed a highly cellular sample, with a severe chronic inflammatory response, characterized by multinucleated giant cells and round-to-elliptical, yeast-shaped structures (5-10 µm), suggestive of Cryptococcus organisms. Histopathological examination of the lungs, kidneys, and brain revealed a severe diffuse chronic inflammatory process, with lymphocytic infiltration and multinucleated giant cells; countless yeast-shaped, round-to-ovoid structures (similar in appearance to soap bubbles) that were negative in hematoxylin-eosin stain were also present.[...](AU)
Assuntos
Animais , Feminino , Cães , Criptococose/diagnóstico , Criptococose/fisiopatologia , Criptococose/veterinária , Dermatopatias/veterinária , Técnicas Histológicas/métodos , Técnicas Histológicas/veterináriaRESUMO
Modulation of orthodontic tooth movement (OTM) is desirable not only to patients because it shortens treatment time, but also to orthodontists, since treatment duration is associated with increased risk of gingival inflammation, decalcification, dental caries, and root resorption. The increased focus on the biological basis of tooth movement has rendered Orthodontics a more comprehensive specialty that incorporates facets of all fields of medicine. Current knowledge raises the possibility of using new therapeutic modalities for modulation of OTM, such as corticotomy, laser therapy, vibration (low-intensity pulsed ultrasound), local injections of biomodulators and gene therapy; with the latter being applicable in the near future. They are intended to enhance or inhibit recruitment, differentiation and/or activation of bone cells, accelerate or reduce OTM, increase stability of orthodontic results, as well as assist with the prevention of root resorption. This article summarizes recent studies on each one of these therapeutic modalities, provides readers with information about how they affect OTM and points out future clinical perspectives.
A modulação do movimento dentário ortodôntico (MDO) é desejável para os pacientes, pois reduz o tempo de tratamento, e também para ortodontistas, uma vez que a duração do tratamento tem sido associada a um aumento do risco de inflamação gengival, descalcificação, cárie dentária e reabsorção radicular. O crescente foco sobre os mecanismos biológicos da movimentação dentária levou a Ortodontia a ser uma especialidade mais abrangente, que hoje incorpora aspectos de todas as áreas da Medicina. Com o conhecimento atual, o uso de novas modalidades terapêuticas que visam a modulação da MDO, como a corticotomia, terapia a laser de baixa intensidade e vibração (ultrassom pulsátil de baixa intensidade) já são uma realidade clínica. Outras, como injeções locais de biomoduladores e a terapia genética, serão utilizadas em breve. Elas destinam-se a aumentar ou inibir o recrutamento, à diferenciação e/ou ativação das células ósseas, a acelerar ou reduzir a MDO, a aumentar a estabilidade dos resultados ortodônticos, bem como auxiliar na prevenção da reabsorção radicular. Esse artigo resume os estudos mais recentes sobre cada uma dessas novas modalidades terapêuticas, fornecendo informações aos leitores a respeito de como afetam a MDO e aponta futuras perspectivas clínicas.