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This research aimed at evaluating optimal conditions to obtain value-added metabolites, such as bio-CH4, by co-digesting swine manure and food waste diluted in domestic sewage. The assays were carried out in batches using the statistical methods of Rotational Central Composite Design (RCCD) and Surface Response to evaluate the ranges of food waste (1.30-9.70 gTS.L-1), pH (6.16-7.84) and granular Upflow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket sludge as inoculum (2.32-5.68 gTS.L-1), besides about 250 mL of swine manure in 500 mL Duran flasks. According to the RCCD matrix, bio-CH4 yields among 600.6 ± 60.1 and 2790.0 ± 112.0 mL CH4 gTS.L-1 were observed, besides the maximum CH4 production rate between 0.4 ± 0.5 and 49.7 ± 2.0 mL CH4 h-1 and λ between ≤0.0 and 299.3 ± 4.5 h. In the validation assay, the optimal conditions of 9.98 gTS.L-1 of food waste, pH adjusted to 8.0 and 2.20 gTS.L-1 of inoculum were considered, and the bio-CH4 yield obtained (5640.79 ± 242.98 mL CH4 gTS.L-1 or also 5201.83 ± 224.07 mL CH4 gTVS.L-1) was 11.3 times higher than in assays before optimization (499.3 ± 16.0 mL CH4 gTS.L-1) with 5 gTS.L-1 of food waste, 3 gTS.L-1 of inoculum and pH 7.0. Besides, the results observed about the energetic balance of the control and validation assays highlight the importance of process optimization, as this condition was the only one with energy supply higher than the energy required for its operation, exceeding max consumption sevenfold. Based on the most dominant microorganisms (Methanosaeta, 31.06%) and the metabolic inference of the validation assay, it could be inferred that the acetoclastic methanogenesis was the predominant pathway to CH4 production.
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Eliminação de Resíduos , Esgotos , Animais , Suínos , Esgotos/química , Anaerobiose , Eliminação de Resíduos/métodos , Esterco , Alimentos , Reatores Biológicos , Concentração de Íons de Hidrogênio , Metano , Biocombustíveis/análiseRESUMO
An alternative to improve the production of biorefinery products, such as biohydrogen (H2) and volatile fatty acids (VFA), is the combination of nanotechnology and biological processes. In order to compare the use of both processes in two different reactor configurations, batch reactors and continuous anaerobic fluidized bed reactors (AFBR) were studied under the same conditions (37°C, pH 6.8, Clostridium butyricum as an inoculum and glucose as a substrate) to evaluate the influence of zero valence iron and nickel nanoparticles (NPs) on H2 and VFA production. There was a shift in the production of acetic and butyric acids to produce mainly valeric acid when NPs were added in batch reactors. Meanwhile, in AFBR the change was from lactic acid to butyric and acetic acids with the addition of NPs. It showed that the effect of NPs on the fermentation process was different when the configuration of batch and continuous reactors was compared. The H2 yield in both reactor configurations increased with the addition of NPs. In batch reactors from 6.6 to 8.0â mmol H2 g-1 of COD and in AFBR from 4.9 to 6.2â mmol of H2 g-1 of COD. Therefore, given the simplicity and low cost of the synthesis of metallic NPs, it is a promising additive to optimize the fermentation process in different reactor configurations.
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INTRODUCTION: The consumption of yerba mate (YM), a source of antioxidants, in a fasted state increases fatty acid oxidation (FATox) during low-moderate-intensity exercise and improves performance in high-intensity exercise. However, the impact of a pre-exercise carbohydrate (CHO) meal on YM effects during exercise is unknown. OBJECTIVE: We investigated the effects of yerba mate drink (YMD) consumed in the fasted state (YMD-F) or after a CHO meal (YMD-CHO) on measurements of metabolism, performance, and blood oxidative stress markers in cycling exercise. METHODS: In a randomized, repeated-measures, crossover design, eight trained male cyclists ingested (i) YMD-CHO, (ii) YMD-F, or (iii) control-water and CHO meal (Control-CHO). The YMD (an infusion of 5 g of ultrarefined leaves in 250 mL of water) was taken for 7 days and 40 min before exercise. CHO meal (1 g/kg body mass) was consumed 60 min before exercise. The cycling protocol included a 40-min low-intensity (~ 53% VÌO2peak) constant load test (CLT); a 20-min time trial (TT); and 4 × 10-s all-out sprints. Blood samples and respiratory gases were collected before, during, and/or after tests. RESULTS: During CLT, YMD-CHO increased FATox ~ 13% vs. YMD-F (P = 0.041) and ~ 27% vs. Control-CHO (P < 0.001). During TT, YMD-CHO increased FATox ~ 160% vs. YMD-F (P < 0.001) and ~ 150% vs. Control-CHO (P < 0.001). Power output during TT improved ~ 3% (P = 0.022) in YMD-CHO vs. Control-CHO and was strongly correlated with changes in serum total antioxidant capacity (r = -0.87) and oxidative stress index (r = 0.76) at post-exercise in YMD-CHO. Performance in sprints was not affected by YMD. CONCLUSION: CHO intake did not negate the effect of YMD on FATox or TT performance. Instead, a synergism between the two dietary strategies may be present. Clinical Trial Registration NCT04642144. November 18, 2020. Retrospectively registered.
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Despite the great diversity, economic and environmental importance of limnic mollusks, the group is still little investigated in the Brazilian semiarid region, especially in the state of Piauí. Thus, this work aims to gather information on the diversity of limnic mollusks in the Brazilian Northeast and the semiarid region, including new records for the state of Piauí, northeastern Brazil. For this, collections in the urban perimeter of the Itaim and Guaribas Rivers, municipalities of Itainópolis, and Picos, respectively, between October 2017 and September 2019. Besides, a literature review was conducted on studies of malacofauna in the Northeast and the Brazilian semiarid region. A total of 11 species from the classes Gastropoda and Bivalvia were collected on the rivers of Piauí, being the first record of Uncancylus concentricus for the Northeast region. For lotic environments in the state of Piauí, Drepanotrema schubarti, Pomacea canaliculata, Pisidium dorbignyi and Stenophysa marmorata were registered for the first time. Then, it was possible to verify that the Northeast of Brazil has 71 species registered, of which 34 occur in the semiarid. The diversity of species surveyed and the first record of the occurrence of several of them for the semiarid region demonstrate the importance of expanding studies involving this group to other areas. The present study is the first to gather and increase the information available on the fauna of limnic mollusks for the Northeast and Brazilian semiarid regions. The information gathered here may contribute to future research and to the species conservation and the environments they occupy, especially considering the presence of non- native and vector species.
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Bivalves , Rios , Animais , Brasil , CidadesRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Ursolic acid (UA) is thought to have an anabolic effect on muscle mass in humans. This study sought to compare the effects of UA and a placebo on muscle strength and mass in young men undergoing resistance training (RT) and consuming a high-protein diet. METHODS: A clinical, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial was conducted for 8 weeks. The Control + RT group (CON n = 12) received 400 mg/d of placebo, and the UA + RT group (UA n = 10) received 400 mg/d of UA. Both groups ingested ~1.6 g/kg of protein and performed the same RT program. Pre- and post-intervention, both groups were evaluated for anthropometric measures, body composition, food intake and muscle strength. RESULTS: Food intake remained unchanged throughout the study. Both groups showed significant increases in body weight (CON Δ: 2.12 ± 0.47 kg, p = 0.001 vs. UA Δ: 2.24 ± 0.67 kg, p = 0.009), body mass index (BMI) (CON Δ: 0.69 ± 0.15 kg/m2, p = 0.001 vs. UA Δ: 0.75 ± 0.23, p = 0.011) and thigh circumference (CON Δ: 1.50 ± 0.36, p = 0.002 vs. UA Δ: 2.46 ± 0.50 cm, p = 0.003 vs. UA 1.84 ± 0.82 cm, p = 0.001), with differences between them. There was no difference in the arm, waist and hip circumferences. Both groups showed increases in muscle mass (CON Δ: 1.12 ± 0.26, p = 0.001 vs. UA Δ: 1.08 ± 0.28 kg, p = 0.004), but there was no significant difference between them. Additionally, there were significant increases in the one repetition maximum test in the bench press and in the 10-repetition maximum test in the knee extension (CON Δ: 5.00 ± 2.09, p = 0.036 vs. UA Δ: 7.8 ± 1.87, p = 0.340 and CON Δ: 3.58 ± 1.15, p = 0.010 vs. UA Δ: 1.20 ± 0.72, p = 0.133), respectively, with no difference between them. CONCLUSIONS: Ursolic acid had no synergic effect on muscle strength and mass in response to RT in physically active men consuming a high-protein diet. BRAZILIAN CLINICAL TRIALS REGISTRY (REBEC): RBR-76tbqs.
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Suplementos Nutricionais , Força Muscular/efeitos dos fármacos , Músculo Esquelético/efeitos dos fármacos , Treinamento Resistido , Triterpenos/administração & dosagem , Adolescente , Adulto , Antropometria , Composição Corporal , Dieta Rica em Proteínas , Método Duplo-Cego , Ingestão de Alimentos , Voluntários Saudáveis , Humanos , Masculino , Adulto Jovem , Ácido UrsólicoRESUMO
Oxidative stress produced by adjuvant treatments is associated with cell injury; however, a healthy diet can help mitigate it. The aim of this study is to investigate the association between diet quality and oxidative stress parameters in women subjected to adjuvant treatment for breast cancer. The sample comprised 70 women. Oxidative stress biomarkers and diet quality parameters based on the Brazilian Healthy Eating Index-Revised (BHEI-R)-were evaluated at baseline (p0) and after adjuvant treatment (p1). Ferric reducing antioxidant potential (FRAP) was associated with diet quality at p0. BHEI-R scores were not different between p0 and p1; however, scores from total vegetables, total fruits, milk and dairy products, and meat, eggs and legumes were lower during treatment. On the other hand, lower sodium and saturated fat intake observed at p1 counterbalanced the BHEI-R score. Oxidative stress parameters have increased at p1, but they were not associated with diet quality; thus, changes in component intake were not enough to promote changes in oxidative stress during treatment. It appears that diet can enhance patients' antioxidant defense before treatment, which could lead to better outcomes in the long term. Further investigations may help to clarify the association between diet and oxidative stress in women with breast cancer.
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Antioxidantes/metabolismo , Neoplasias da Mama , Quimioterapia Adjuvante , Dieta Saudável , Comportamento Alimentar , Avaliação Nutricional , Estresse Oxidativo , Adulto , Idoso , Antioxidantes/administração & dosagem , Neoplasias da Mama/sangue , Neoplasias da Mama/tratamento farmacológico , Estudos Transversais , Ácidos Graxos/administração & dosagem , Feminino , Humanos , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Sódio/administração & dosagemRESUMO
This study evaluates the kinetics of methane production and degradation of standard linear alkylbenzene sulfonate (LAS) (50 ± 3.5 mg/L) and LAS from laundry wastewater (85 ± 2.1 mg/L) in anaerobic batch reactors at 30°C with different sources of inoculum. The inocula were obtained by auto-fermentation (AFM) and UASB reactors from wastewater treatment of poultry slaughterhouse (SGH), swine production (SWT) and wastewater treatment thermophilic of sugarcane industry (THR). The study was divided into three phases: synthetic substrate (Phase I), standard LAS (Phase II) and LAS from laundry wastewater (Phase III). For SGH, the highest values for cumulative methane productions (1,844.8 ± 149 µmol-Phase II), methane production rate (70.8 ± 88 µmol/h-Phase II and 4.01 ± 07 µmol/h-Phase III) were observed. The use of thermophilic biomass (THR) incubated at 30°C was not favorable for methane production and LAS biodegradation, but the highest kinetic coefficient degradation (k1app) was obtained for LAS (0.33 ± 0.3 h) compared with mesophilic biomass (SGH and SWT) (0.13 ± 0.02 h). Therefore, both LAS sources influenced the kinetics of methane production and organic matter degradation. For SGH, inoculum obtained the highest LAS degradation. In the SGH inoculum sequenced by MiSeq-Illumina was identified genera (VadinCA02, Candidatus Cloacamonas, VadinHB04, PD-UASB-13) related to degrade toxic compounds. Therefore, it recommended the reactor mesophilic inoculum UASB (SGH) for the LAS degradation.
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Ácidos Alcanossulfônicos/metabolismo , Metano/metabolismo , Tensoativos/metabolismo , Poluentes Químicos da Água/metabolismo , Anaerobiose , Animais , Bactérias/metabolismo , Biodegradação Ambiental , Biomassa , Reatores Biológicos , Resíduos Industriais , Cinética , Saccharum , Suínos , Águas ResiduáriasRESUMO
The biodegradation of linear alkylbenzene sulfonate (LAS) from commercial laundry wastewater was evaluated in an anaerobic fluidized bed reactor (FBR) fed with synthetic substrate (598 mg L(-1) to 723 mg L(-1) of organic matter) supplemented with 9.5±3.1 mg L(-1) to 27.9±9.6 mg L(-1) of LAS. The average chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal efficiency was 89% and the biodegradation of LAS was 57% during the 489 days of anaerobic FBR. Higher levels of volatile fatty acids (VFA) were observed in the effluent at the stage with the best LAS removal performance. Increasing the surfactant concentration did not increase the VFA production in the effluent. The predominant VFAs after the addition of LAS were as follows: isovaleric acid and valeric acid, followed by propionic acid, caproic acid and formic acid. The similarities of 64% and 45% to Archaea and Bacteria domains were observed in the samples taken in the operating period of anaerobic FBR fed with 23.6±10 mg L(-1) and 27.9±10 mg L(-1) of LAS. During the operation stages in the reactor, Gemmatimonas, Desulfobulbus and Zoogloea were determined as the most abundant genera related to surfactant degradation using 454-Pyrosequencing.
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Ácidos Alcanossulfônicos/metabolismo , Archaea/metabolismo , Bactérias Anaeróbias/metabolismo , Reatores Biológicos/microbiologia , Lavanderia , Águas Residuárias/química , Águas Residuárias/microbiologia , Anaerobiose , Biodegradação Ambiental , Ácidos Graxos Voláteis/metabolismo , Tensoativos/metabolismo , Poluentes Químicos da Água/metabolismoRESUMO
OBJECTIVES: To assess the effect of a nutrition education intervention on nutritional factors and oxidative stress during treatment of breast cancer. DESIGN: Nonrandomized clinical trial conducted in 2010-2011, including an evaluation at baseline and after 12 months. PARTICIPANTS: Women from Brazil who had breast cancer, divided into an intervention group (IG) (n = 18) and comparison group (n = 75). INTERVENTION: To increase intake of fruits and vegetables and reduce red and processed meats, via telephone and printed materials. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Food intake, anthropometry, and levels of lipid hydroperoxide, carbonyl proteins, reduced glutathione, and ferric reducing antioxidant power. ANALYSES: Chi-square, Mann-Whitney or t tests for baseline data; Wilcoxon or paired t tests for intra-group outcomes, linear regression models, and Bonferroni multiplicity adjustment. RESULTS: The researchers observed an increase in fruit and vegetable intake, reduction in red and processed meat intake, no change in body weight, and an increase in glutathione in the IG over the comparison group. However, after Bonferroni adjustment, only the consumption of fruits and vegetables and fruit was significantly higher in IG. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS: This study presents improved dietary changes after a theory-driven nutrition education intervention. Although the sample size is small, it has proven to be clinically relevant.
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Neoplasias da Mama/dietoterapia , Frutas , Política Nutricional , Ciências da Nutrição/educação , Estresse Oxidativo , Educação de Pacientes como Assunto , Verduras , Adulto , Biomarcadores/sangue , Brasil , Neoplasias da Mama/sangue , Neoplasias da Mama/terapia , Terapia Combinada , Feminino , Frutas/química , Humanos , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Cooperação do Paciente , Verduras/químicaRESUMO
OBJECTIVES: Waist circumference (WC) is highly associated with metabolic risk factor clusters (RFC) for chronic non-communicable diseases (NCDs). In this study, we evaluated the use of WC measurements to detect hyperglycemia and dyslipidemia in children and adolescents using the WC cutoff points reported in the Bogalusa Heart study and the New Zealand study. DESIGN AND METHODS: Students (n=1011; aged 6 to 14years) were enrolled in a cross-sectional study. Anthropometric indices, fasting glucose, and lipid profiles were measured. The associations between WC measures and serum parameters were investigated by logistic regression models, and the clinical accuracy of the studied parameters was assessed using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis. RESULTS: The prevalence of increased WC was 30.2% using the New Zealand cutoff points and 13.7% using the Bogalusa cutoff values. In general, children with increased WC exhibited higher concentrations of total cholesterol, triglycerides, LDL-cholesterol, and non-HDL-cholesterol and lower levels of HDL-cholesterol. The areas under the ROC curves (AUC) of the WC measurements were 0.770 (95% CI: 0.744-0.797) and 0.600 (95% CI: 0.569-0.631) using, respectively, the New Zealand and Bogalusa cutoff points for WC, indicating the prediction of simultaneous hyperglycemia, increased levels of non-HDL-cholesterol, and reduced HDL-cholesterol for students with increased WC. There was a significant difference between AUC values (P=0.001). Furthermore, the sensitivity of using WC for detecting RFC in students was 2.0 to 2.5-fold higher with the New Zealand study cutoff values for WC than with those from the Bogalusa study. Logistic regression analysis revealed that increased WC was associated with simultaneous hyperglycemia and dyslipidemia after controlling for differences in sex and age (P<0.01 for all). CONCLUSIONS: Children and adolescents exhibited a high prevalence of increased WC associated with other RFCs for NCDs. Increased WC may be used to screen and identify students with elevated clusters of metabolic risk factors for NCDs.
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Dislipidemias/diagnóstico , Hiperglicemia/diagnóstico , Circunferência da Cintura , Adolescente , Brasil , Criança , Colesterol/sangue , LDL-Colesterol/sangue , Dislipidemias/sangue , Feminino , Humanos , Hiperglicemia/sangue , Modelos Logísticos , Masculino , Valor Preditivo dos Testes , Triglicerídeos/sangueRESUMO
This study evaluated an anaerobic fluidized bed reactor (AFBR) that contained polystyrene particles as a support material for the treatment of vinasse that resulted from the alcoholic fermentation of sugarcane molasses. The AFBR was inoculated with sludge from an upflow anaerobic sludge blanket reactor that treated poultry slaughterhouse wastewater. The AFBR was operated with a hydraulic retention time of 24 h at a temperature of 30°C with influent vinasse concentrations that ranged from 2273 to 20,073 mg COD L(-1). The reactor was subjected to increased organic loading rates (OLR) that ranged from 3.33 to 26.19 kg COD m(-3) d(-1), with COD removal efficiencies that ranged from 51% to 70% and maximum removal at an OLR of 13.93 ± 2.18 kg COD m(-3) d(-1). The maximum biogas productivity was 5.37 m(3) CH4 m(-3) d(-1) for an OLR of 25.32 kg COD m(-3) d(-1) (average removal of 51%)..
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Biocombustíveis/análise , Reatores Biológicos , Melaço/análise , Eliminação de Resíduos Líquidos/métodos , Águas Residuárias/análise , Anaerobiose , Fermentação , Material Particulado/metabolismo , Poliestirenos/metabolismo , Saccharum , Esgotos/químicaRESUMO
The general purpose of this study was to characterize a biological treatment system for phenol removal in an anoxic fluidized bed reactor (AFBR) that employed nitrate as the final electron acceptor. The average influent phenol concentrations in the study were 52, 107, 201, 335, and 518 mg/L so that phenol was not detected in the effluent for influent concentrations up to 335 mg/L. The removal efficiency dropped to 70% when the AFBR was operated with influent phenol concentrations above 500 mg/L. The ratio of carbon (derived solely from phenol) to nitrate (N-NO(3)) was approximately 1. Hence, the average influent N-NO(3) concentrations in the study were 45, 79, 157, 260, and 362 mg/L, with corresponding nitrogen removal efficiencies of 94%, 89%, 86%, 79%, and 51%. Nitrite accumulation was not observed because the average effluent N-NO(3) concentration during the entire reactor operation period was 1.5 mg/L.
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Nitratos/química , Fenóis/química , Desnitrificação , Fenol/químicaRESUMO
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of green tea extract (GTE) administration on vascular reactivity and atherosclerosis progression in low-density lipoprotein receptor knockout mice. We hypothesized that GTE intake may ameliorate atherosclerosis by improving endothelial dysfunction. Animals (n = 12 per group) were fed a hypercholesterolemic diet and received either water or GTE at a dose of 50, 100, or 300 mg/kg once a day by gavage (100 µL/10 g weight). After 4 weeks, atherosclerosis extension and vascular reactivity were evaluated in the aorta, and the levels of lipids, monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1), and tumor necrosis factor α were measured in the plasma. Administration of GTE at a dose of 50 mg/kg significantly decreased the area of atherosclerotic lesions by 35%, improved the vascular reactivity in the isolated thoracic aorta, and lowered the plasma levels of both MCP-1 and triglycerides. Delivery of 100 mg/kg of GTE only promoted vasocontraction and vasorelaxation (P < .05), whereas a dose of 300 mg/kg was ineffective. Maximum contraction and relaxation negatively correlated with the lesion area (r = -0.755 and -0.767, respectively), whereas the plasma levels of MCP-1 and triglycerides positively correlated with plaque size (r = 0.549 and 0.421, respectively). In summary, our results supported the hypothesis that administration of GTE at low doses may contribute to a decrease in atherosclerosis progression by reversing endothelial dysfunction.
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Antioxidantes/farmacologia , Aterosclerose/tratamento farmacológico , Catequina/análogos & derivados , Endotélio Vascular/efeitos dos fármacos , Extratos Vegetais/farmacologia , Chá/química , Alanina Transaminase/metabolismo , Animais , Aorta/efeitos dos fármacos , Aorta/metabolismo , Aterosclerose/patologia , Biomarcadores/sangue , Catequina/farmacologia , Quimiocina CCL2/sangue , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Endotélio Vascular/fisiopatologia , Feminino , Inflamação/tratamento farmacológico , Inflamação/patologia , Lipoproteínas LDL/sangue , Masculino , Camundongos , Camundongos Endogâmicos C57BL , Camundongos Knockout , Receptores de LDL/genética , Triglicerídeos/sangue , Fator de Necrose Tumoral alfa/sangueRESUMO
BACKGROUND: In the study reported herein, we used the precipitation method employing heparin-Mg(2+), with slight modifications to avoid lipemia interference, to measure small dense-low density lipoprotein-cholesterol (sd-LDL-C) in Brazilian subjects with a high risk of developing cardiovascular diseases. METHODS: Lipemic samples were diluted with various solvents prior to precipitation with heparin-Mg(2+). Validation assays were performed with ultracentrifugation (n=100) and the reproducibility of sd-LDL-C measured in diluted serum (n=50). The applicability of this modification was evaluated by measuring sd-LDL-C in 434 southern Brazilian normolipidemic, dyslipidemic and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) individuals. RESULTS: Lipemic serum diluted with 100 mmol/L phosphate buffer pH 8.5 was effective for the quantification of sd-LDL-C, which was correlated with non-diluted serum (r=0.961; p<0.0001) and with ultracentrifugation (r=0.705; p<0.0001). Ultracentrifugation sd-LDL-C was 0.08 mmol/L (CI 95%: -0.42-0.58 mmol/L) higher than the precipitation method (p>0.05). Subjects with dyslipidemias and T2DM had, respectively, 2.3 and 2.6-fold higher sd-LDL-C concentrations than normolipidemic individuals (p<0.05). The incidence of normolipidemic subjects with a high concentration of sd-LDL-C was only 2.2%. The sd-LDL-C was found to be enhanced by 8.3% every 10 years and young normolipidemic men had 24% higher sd-LDL-C than young women (p<0.05). Lipid-lowering therapy reduced sd-LDL-C by 26% (p<0.001). CONCLUSIONS: In this paper we described a simple and inexpensive approach to improving the measurement of sd-LDL-C in high-triglycerides serum. Furthermore, we showed that southern Brazil dyslipidemic and T2DM individuals have increased sd-LDL-C concentrations.
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Precipitação Química , LDL-Colesterol/sangue , Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Brasil , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/sangue , Dislipidemias/sangue , Feminino , Heparina/química , Humanos , Hiperlipidemias/sangue , Íons/química , Magnésio/química , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Triglicerídeos/química , Ultracentrifugação , Adulto JovemRESUMO
It is hypothesized that apples of 2 Brazilian cultivars with different content of sugars and antioxidant compounds promote similar effects on the antioxidant status and lipid peroxidation in human serum after acute intake. Nine healthy women ingested 300 mL of Golden Delicious or Catarina apple juice (AJ) or water, and blood samples were collected before and 1 hour after intake. After intake of both AJ, a similar and significant increase in serum antioxidant capacity and ascorbic and uric acid levels and a significant decrease in serum lipid peroxidation was observed. The increase in serum antioxidant capacity after consumption of both AJ was correlated directly with the uric acid levels and inversely with serum lipid peroxidation. In summary, the acute intake of AJ of 2 cultivars promoted a similar effect on the antioxidant status and lipid peroxidation in human blood serum.
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Antioxidantes/metabolismo , Ácido Ascórbico/sangue , Peroxidação de Lipídeos/efeitos dos fármacos , Lipídeos/sangue , Malus , Preparações de Plantas/farmacologia , Ácido Úrico/sangue , Adulto , Antioxidantes/farmacologia , Bebidas , Feminino , Frutas , Humanos , Malus/classificação , Especificidade da Espécie , Adulto JovemRESUMO
OBJECTIVES: Yerba mate (Ilex paraguariensis) infusions have been shown to reduce plasma glucose in animals and serum lipids in humans. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of roasted mate tea consumption, with or without dietary counseling, on the glycemic and lipid profiles of individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) or pre-diabetes. METHODS: Twenty-nine T2DM and 29 pre-diabetes subjects were divided into 3 groups: mate tea, dietary intervention, and mate tea and dietary intervention. Individuals drank 330 mL of roasted mate tea 3 times a day and/or received nutritional counseling over 60 days. Blood samples were collected and food intake was assessed at baseline and after 20, 40, and 60 days of treatments. RESULTS: Mate tea consumption decreased significantly the levels of fasting glucose (25.0 mg/dL), glycated hemoglobin A(1c) (HbA(1c)) (0.85%), and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-c) (13.5 mg/dL) of T2DM subjects (p < 0.05); however, it did not change the intake of total energy, protein, carbohydrate, cholesterol, and fiber. In pre-diabetes individuals, mate tea consumption combined with nutritional counseling diminished significantly the levels of LDL-c (11 mg/dL), non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c) (21.5 mg/dL), and triglycerides (53.0 mg/dL) (p < 0.05). Individuals of this group decreased significantly their consumption of total fat (14%), cholesterol (28%), and saturated (23.8%) and monounsaturated (28.0%) fatty acids, and increased their fiber intake by 35% (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Mate tea consumption improved the glycemic control and lipid profile of T2DM subjects, and mate tea consumption combined with nutritional intervention was highly effective in decreasing serum lipid parameters of pre-diabetes individuals, which may reduce their risk of developing coronary disease.
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Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/tratamento farmacológico , Hipoglicemiantes/uso terapêutico , Ilex paraguariensis/química , Lipídeos/sangue , Extratos Vegetais/uso terapêutico , Estado Pré-Diabético/tratamento farmacológico , Idoso , Glicemia/análise , Glicemia/efeitos dos fármacos , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/sangue , Gorduras na Dieta/administração & dosagem , Feminino , Produtos Finais de Glicação Avançada/sangue , Índice Glicêmico , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Projetos Piloto , Estado Pré-Diabético/sangue , Método Simples-Cego , Triglicerídeos/sangueRESUMO
The objective of this study was to verify the effect of yerba mate (Ilex paraguariensis) consumption on lipid and lipoprotein levels in humans. One hundred and two individuals participated of this single-blind controlled trial. Normolipidemic (n = 15), dyslipidemic (n = 57), and hypercholesterolemic subjects on long-term statin therapy (n = 30) ingested 330 mL, 3 times/day, of green or roasted yerba mate infusions for 40 days. In normolipidemic subjects, yerba mate consumption reduced LDL-cholesterol by 8.7% (p < 0.05). Compared with the baseline period, yerba mate intake by dyslipidemic individuals for 20 and 40 days lowered LDL-cholesterol by 8.1 and 8.6% (p < 0.001) and non-HDL cholesterol by 5.4 and 6.5% (p < 0.01). After 20 days of yerba mate intake, apolipoprotein B was reduced by 6.0% (p < 0.05) and HDL-cholesterol was increased by 4.4% (p < 0.01). In all participants triglyceride levels remained unchanged. The consumption of yerba mate by hypercholesterolemic individuals on statin therapy promoted additional 10.0 and 13.1% reductions in LDL-C after 20 and 40 days, respectively (p < 0.001) and increased HDL-cholesterol by 6.2% after 40 days (p < 0.05). It was thus concluded that intake of yerba mate infusion improved the lipid parameters in normolipidemic and dyslipidemic subjects and provided an additional LDL-cholesterol reduction in hypercholesterolemic subjects on statin treatment, which may reduce the risk for cardiovascular diseases.
Assuntos
LDL-Colesterol/sangue , Inibidores de Hidroximetilglutaril-CoA Redutases/uso terapêutico , Hipercolesterolemia/terapia , Ilex paraguariensis , Lipídeos/sangue , Fitoterapia , Adulto , Bebidas , Feminino , Flavonoides/análise , Temperatura Alta , Humanos , Hipercolesterolemia/sangue , Ilex paraguariensis/química , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Fenóis/análise , Folhas de Planta/química , Polifenóis , Saponinas/análise , Xantinas/análiseRESUMO
O ácido ascórbico, frequentemente ingerido como suplemento alimentar, é altamente eliminado pela urina e pode interferir nos ensaios laboratoriais que utilizam reaçöes de óxido-reduçäo, como por exemplo, os sistemas de reaçöes de peroxidaçäo usados para a detecçäo de glicose e hemoglobina urinárias. O objetivo desse estudo foi avaliar a interferência do ácido ascórbico nessas determinaçöes em relaçäo à dose de vitamina C ingerida e ao tempo de coleta das amostras. Indivíduos saudáveis (n=13) consumiram doses de 0,15 a 4,0 g/dia de vitamina C e as determinaçöes foram realizadas em urinas coletadas 4, 12, 24 e 48h após a ingestäo. Quantidades crescentes de glicose e hemoglobina foram acionadas às amostras de urina e os ensaios foram realizados com as tiras reagentes Rapignost e Multistix. Os resultados demonstraram que ocorreram interferências significativas nas amostras de 4 e 12h, inclusive com as menores doses de vitamina C e, embora em menor grau, também nas amostras de 24 e 48h após a ingestäo de 2 e 4g de vitamina C. A tira reagente Multistix foi ligeiramente mais resistente. Para prevenir resultados falso-negativos, sugerimos a suspensäo da ingestäo de altas doses de vitamina C, 72h antes da coleta da amostra para a realizaçäo do exame de urina
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Ácido Ascórbico/urina , Glicosúria/diagnóstico , Hemoglobinúria , UrináliseRESUMO
B and C hepatitis are infections transmitted in ways similar to the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). The present study was designed to assess the prevalence of hepatitis B (HBV) and hepatitis C (HCV) virus infection in HIV-1-infected patients who lived in the metropolitan areas of Florianópolis, in the State of Santa Catarina. Ninety-three patients seropositive to HIV-1 were identified by using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and indirect immunofluorescence. Patients were assigned to according to HIV-1 transmission risk: homosexuals (n=20), heterosexuals (n=39), and intravenous drugs users (IVDU) (N=34). HbsAg, Anti-HBc, Anti-HBc IgM and Anti-HCV measurements were done using ELISA. HBV and HCV prevalence in HIV-1 infected patients was 71 percen and 53.8 percent, respectively. In the IVDU group, the prevalence of HBV (85.3 percent), of HCV (88.2 percent), and infections by both viruses (76.5 percent) was greater than that observed in the heterosexual and homosexual groups. Hepatitis B markers (HbsAg and Anti-HBc) for chronic persistent disease were recorded in 24.3 percent of patients, and for past infection in 71.2 of patients. The evidence of high prevalence of HBV and HCV infections in HIV-1 seropositive patients, mainly among intravenous drug users, should be included in educational programs in an effort to decrease the incidence of multiple infections.