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BACKGROUND: Nursing checklists have been shown to improve communication, reduce the occurrence of adverse events, and promote safe, quality care in different care settings. However, to date, there is no validated patient care safety checklist for nurses caring for infants in Neonatal Intensive Care Units (NICU). AIM: To describe development and content validation of the "Safe Nursing Care Checklist for Infants Hospitalized in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit". STUDY DESIGN: Online Survey. METHODS: Based upon an integrative literature review, we developed a checklist focused on safe nursing care for infants in the NICU. Nursing experts participated in three rounds of a content validation process where they rated the items online. An agreement level ≥0.90 was required for inclusion in the checklist. Forty- three expert nurses with experience working in the NICU and who were certified in neonatal nursing or had a master's or doctoratal degree in child health provided content validation of the patient care checklist. RESULTS: The final checklist contained 45 items with content validation index scores greater than 90%. The instrument was structured into six dimensions including patient identification, effective communication, medication safety, infection prevention, fall prevention, and pressure injuries/skin injuries prevention. CONCLUSION: Content validity was established for the "Safe Nursing Care Checklist for Infants Hospitalized in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit" which can identify strengths and weaknesses in safe nursing care for infants in the NICU as well as direct educational interventions to promote nursing care based on scientific evidence. RELEVANCE TO CLINICAL PRACTICE: This checklist can potentially be used by bedside nurses to promote provision of safe care to infants in the NICU and to guide corrective strategies and encourage evidence-based decision-making. Validation in the clinical setting is needed.

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OBJECTIVES: to describe the nursing team's adherence to patient safety actions in neonatal units using a validated instrument. METHODS: a cross-sectional study, carried out through direct observation of the nursing team and descriptive analysis of 182 records of the "Checklist for patient safety in nursing care during hospitalization in Neonatal Intensive Care Units" in a hospital in the municipality of Belo Horizonte. RESULTS: there was evidence of adherence greater than 90.0% in the units concerning the use of the identification wristband and guidance of the companions. It was identified 79.0% of absence on the checking of wristband identification and 59.0% of the absence of an evaluation of the crib wheels' locks. Three of the 21 items included in the checklist did not show non-conformities. CONCLUSIONS: partial adherence to patient safety actions was observed, especially regarding the target of patient identification and prevention of falls, which exposes newborns to preventable adverse events.

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Background. There is no general consensus in restorative dentistry about which lateral guidance should be established. Some studies have shown that canine guidance decreases the tension of masticatory muscles. Others have reported that group function might achieve a better physiologic distribution of occlusal forces. Also, some reports have shown that both guidances are equally acceptable. Despite all discussions, clinical evidence of one guidance being superior to another is limited. Thus, this study aimed to analyze the electromyographic (EMG) activity of masseter muscles in individuals with group function and canine guidance. Methods. Twenty volunteers of both genders, aged 20-25, were divided into two groups: GF (group function guidance, n=10) and CA (canine guidance, n=10). EMG activity of masseters was captured using surface electrodes during habitual maximum intercuspation (HMI) and right and left lateral jaw movements and recorded using EMG amplitude values (RMS - root means square). Student's t-test was used to compare mean RMS values between the groups and lateral movements in each group. Results. During HMI, there was no difference in masseter EMG activity between the groups. Both masseters showed higher activity in group GF only on the right side during lateral movements, while the left masseter exhibited higher activity on the nonworking side in both groups. The activity of both masseters distributed by tooth was higher in group CA. Conclusion. During tooth restorative procedures, any guidance is acceptable considering HMI. However, group function guidance is more favorable during lateral movements due to greater dissipation of occlusal pressures.

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The study of the muscular anatomy of wild boar (Sus scrofa) is important, because it allows the understanding of the locomotor and evolutionary aspects, besides the improvement of surgical techniques used by veterinarians in swine. Thus, the objective of this study was to describe the morphology and disposition of the shoulder and arm muscles of S. scrofa. Twelve young specimens of hybrid S. scrofa, six males and six females were fixed and dissected following usual anatomy techniques. The bones of two specimens were prepared to analyze the fixation points of the muscles. The shoulder muscles presented fixation at the scapula and humerus, in distinct bone accidents, and were divided on lateral and medial faces. On the lateral face, the deltoid (divided in acromial and scapular parts), supraspinatus, infraspinatus (divided in cranial and caudal parts) and teres minor (deep to the caudal part of the infraspinatus) muscles were found. In the medial face, the subscapular, coracobrachialis and teres major muscles were observed. The arm muscles were arranged essentially around the humerus and were seen largely on its medial face, namely biceps brachii (originated by a single tendon), brachialis, tensor fasciae antebrachii (fused with the long head of the triceps brachii), triceps brachii (divided in lateral, long and medial heads) and anconeus (located mostly on the lateral side) muscles. Thus, it can be concluded that the S. scrofa presented seven muscles in the shoulder region and six muscles in the arm region, all with morphological similarities to domestic and some wild animals. Some differences were found, for the most part, in the shape, division and fixation points of certain muscles.

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ABSTRACT Objectives: to describe the nursing team's adherence to patient safety actions in neonatal units using a validated instrument. Methods: a cross-sectional study, carried out through direct observation of the nursing team and descriptive analysis of 182 records of the "Checklist for patient safety in nursing care during hospitalization in Neonatal Intensive Care Units" in a hospital in the municipality of Belo Horizonte. Results: there was evidence of adherence greater than 90.0% in the units concerning the use of the identification wristband and guidance of the companions. It was identified 79.0% of absence on the checking of wristband identification and 59.0% of the absence of an evaluation of the crib wheels' locks. Three of the 21 items included in the checklist did not show non-conformities. Conclusions: partial adherence to patient safety actions was observed, especially regarding the target of patient identification and prevention of falls, which exposes newborns to preventable adverse events.

RESUMEN Objetivos: describirla adhesión del equipo de enfermería a las acciones de seguridad del paciente en unidades neonatales mediante un instrumento validado. Métodos: se trata de un estudio transversal, realizado por observación directa del equipo de enfermería y el análisis descriptivo de 182 registros de la "Lista de comprobación de seguridad del paciente en el cuidado de enfermería en la internación de Unidades de Cuidados Intensivos Neonatales" en un hospital de Belo Horizonte. Resultados: se observó más de un 90,0% de adhesión al uso del brazalete de identificación y a la orientación de los acompañantes en las unidades. Se identificó el 79,0% de ausencia de conferencia del brazalete de identificación y el 59,0% de ausencia de evaluación de las trabas de las ruedas de la cuna. Tres de los 21 elementos contemplados en la lista de comprobación no presentaron no conformidades. Conclusiones: se constató una adhesión parcial a las medidas de seguridad del paciente, especialmente en lo que respecta a los objetivos de identificación del paciente y a la prevención de caídas, lo que expone a los recién nacidos a acontecimientos adversos evitables.

RESUMO Objetivos: descrever a adesão da equipe de enfermagem às ações de segurança do paciente em unidades neonatais por meio de um instrumento validado. Métodos: estudo transversal, realizado mediante observação direta da equipe de enfermagem e análise descritiva de 182 registros do "Checklist de segurança do paciente no cuidado de enfermagem na internação em Unidades de Terapia Intensiva Neonatal" em um hospital em Belo Horizonte. Resultados: evidenciou-se adesão maior que 90,0% nas unidades quanto ao uso da pulseira de identificação e orientação dos acompanhantes. Identificou-se 79,0% de ausência de conferência da pulseira de identificação e 59,0% de ausência de avaliação das travas das rodas do berço. Três dos 21 itens contemplados no checklist não apresentaram não conformidades. Conclusões: constatou-se adesão parcial às ações de segurança do paciente, especialmente no que tange às metas identificação do paciente e prevenção de quedas, o que expõe os neonatos a eventos adversos evitáveis.

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OBJECTIVE: to describe the main evidence available in the literature on safe practices in the prevention and care of skin lesions in newborns admitted to Neonatal Intensive Care Units. METHODS: integrative literature review in the PubMed, BDENF, LILACS, MEDLINE, SciELO and Cochrane Library databases between 2013 and 2018. We included primary articles on: lesion prevention and skin care in newborns in Portuguese, English or Spanish and excluded editorials, thesis, dissertations and duplicate articles. For the evidence level, we used the Melnyk and Fineout-Overholt classification, which classifies studies between weak to strong evidence. RESULTS: a total of 10 articles with moderate to weak evidence on thermoregulation, bathing, lesion prevention, use of patches and skin antisepsis. FINAL CONSIDERATIONS: there was a shortage of publications with high evidence, and it is necessary to invest in research that seeks to support safer skin care practices.

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RESUMO OBJETIVO: compreender a percepção da equipe de Enfermagem quanto aos desafios e estratégias vivenciados em relação à segurança do paciente pediátrico. MÉTODOS: estudo qualitativo, exploratório, realizado com 16 profissionais de Enfermagem que atuam em uma unidade de terapia intensiva pediátrica de um hospital público de Minas Gerais, Brasil. Os dados foram coletados por meio entrevistas semiestruturadas e submetidos à análise temática, utilizandointeracionismo simbólico como referencial teórico. RESULTADOS: os achados foram divididos em duas categorias: "desafios vivenciados pela equipe de Enfermagem para o alcance da segurança do paciente" e "estratégias utilizadas para garantia da segurança do paciente". A percepção da equipe de Enfermagem abrange aspectos que perpassam desde a falta de alinhamento em relação ao conhecimento sobre a temática da segurança do paciente até a dificuldade em reconhecer os riscos, problemas na notificação do evento adverso, sobrecarga de trabalho e falta de rotina no serviço. Observou-se, porém, que os profissionais fizeram proposições e reconheceram a necessidade de investimento em estratégias relevantes para o aprimoramento da segurança do paciente que até o momento não foram efetivadas. CONCLUSÃO: os desafios vivenciados precisam ser avaliados pelos profissionais e gestores em busca de planejamento e execução de estratégias mais efetivas na busca de melhoria da segurança dos pacientes pediátricos, o que inclui o investimento na capacitação de profissionais e estímulo ao envolvimento de familiares.

RESUMEN OBJETIVO: comprender la percepción del personal de enfermería sobre los desafíos y estrategias relacionados con la seguridad del paciente pediátrico. MÉTODOS: estudio exploratorio cualitativollevado a cabo con 16 profesionales de enfermería de cuidados intensivos pediátricos de un hospital público de Minas Gerais, Brasil. La recogida de datos se realizómediante entrevistas semiestructuradas;para el análisis de los datos se utilizó el análisis temático; el interaccionismo simbólico se utilizó como marco teórico. RESULTADOS: los resultados se dividieron en dos categorías: "desafíos delpersonal de enfermería para la seguridad del paciente" y "estrategias para garantizar la seguridad del paciente". La percepción del personal de enfermería engloba aspectos desde la ausencia de consenso en relación al conocimiento sobre el tema seguridad del paciente hasta la dificultad para reconocer los riesgos, problemas en la notificación del evento adverso, sobrecarga de trabajo y falta de rutina en los servicios. Sin embargo, se observó que el personal presentó propuestas yreconoció la necesidad de invertir en estrategias relevantes para mejorar la seguridad del paciente, medidas no implementadas hasta ahora. CONCLUSIÓN: los retos deben ser evaluados por profesionales y gestores con miras a la planificación y ejecución de estrategias más efectivas para la seguridad del paciente pediátrico, concapacitación de profesionales y estímulo a la participación de los familiares.

ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE: to understand the perception of the Nursing team regarding the challenges and strategies experienced in relation to pediatric patient safety. METHODS: qualitative, exploratory study, conducted with 16 Nursing professionals who work in a pediatric intensive care unit of a public hospital in Minas Gerais, Brazil. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews and submitted to thematic analysis, using symbolic interactionism as a theoretical framework. RESULTS: the findings were divided into two categories: "challenges experienced by the Nursing team to achieve patient safety" and "strategies used to ensure patient safety". The perception of the Nursing team encompasses aspects that range from the lack of alignment in relation to the knowledge on the subject of patient safety to the difficulty in recognizing the risks, problems in the notification of the adverse event, work overload and lack of routine in the service. However, it was observed that the professionals made propositions and recognized the need to invest in relevant strategies to improve patient safety that have not been implemented soComo citar este artigo:Costa ACL, Silva DCZ, Correa AR, Marcatto JO, Rocha PK, Matozinhos FP, Manzo BF. Percepção da Enfermagem quanto aos desafios e estratégias no contexto da segurança do paciente pediátrico. CONCLUSION: the challenges experienced need to be evaluated by professionals and managers in search of planning and execution of more effective strategies in the search for improving the safety of pediatric patients, which includes investment in training professionals and encouraging the involvement of family members.

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ABSTRACT Objective: to describe the main evidence available in the literature on safe practices in the prevention and care of skin lesions in newborns admitted to Neonatal Intensive Care Units. Methods: integrative literature review in the PubMed, BDENF, LILACS, MEDLINE, SciELO and Cochrane Library databases between 2013 and 2018. We included primary articles on: lesion prevention and skin care in newborns in Portuguese, English or Spanish and excluded editorials, thesis, dissertations and duplicate articles. For the evidence level, we used the Melnyk and Fineout-Overholt classification, which classifies studies between weak to strong evidence. Results: a total of 10 articles with moderate to weak evidence on thermoregulation, bathing, lesion prevention, use of patches and skin antisepsis. Final considerations: there was a shortage of publications with high evidence, and it is necessary to invest in research that seeks to support safer skin care practices.

RESUMEN Objetivo: describir la principal evidencia disponible en la literatura sobre prácticas seguras en la prevención y atención de lesiones cutáneas en recién nacidos ingresados en Unidades de Cuidados Intensivos Neonatales. Métodos: revisión integradora de la literatura en las bases de datos PubMed, BDENF, LILACS, MEDLINE, SciELO y Cochrane Library entre 2013 y 2018. Incluimos artículos primarios sobre: prevención de lesiones y cuidado de la piel en recién nacidos, en portugués, inglés o español y excluimos editoriales, tesis, disertaciones y artículos duplicados. Para el nivel de evidencia, utilizamos el modelo de Melnyk y Fineout-Overholt, que clasifica los estudios entre evidencia débil a fuerte. Resultados: inclusión de diez artículos con evidencia moderada a débil sobre termorregulación, baño, prevención de lesiones, uso de parches y antisepsia de la piel. Consideraciones finales: hubo una escasez de publicaciones con evidencia fuerte, y es necesario invertir en investigaciones que busquen apoyar prácticas más seguras para el cuidado de la piel.

RESUMO Objetivo: descrever as principais evidências disponíveis na literatura sobre as práticas seguras na prevenção e cuidado com as lesões cutâneas em recém-nascidos internados em Unidades de Terapia Intensiva Neonatal (UTIN). Método: revisão integrativa da literatura nas bases de dados PubMed, BDENF, LILACS, MEDLINE, SciELO e Cochrane Library, entre 2013 e 2018. Foram incluídos artigos primários sobre: prevenção de lesão e cuidados com a pele em recém-nascidos, em português, inglês ou espanhol e excluídos editoriais, teses, dissertações e artigos duplicados. Para o nível de evidência, foi utilizado o modelo de Melnyk e Fineout-Overholt, que classifica os estudos entre evidência fraca a forte. Resultados: inclusão de dez artigos com evidência moderada a fraca sobre a termorregulação, o banho, a prevenção de lesões, o uso de adesivos e antissepsia da pele. Considerações finais: foi observada escassez de publicações com evidência alta, sendo necessário investir em pesquisas que busquem subsidiar práticas mais seguras de cuidados com a pele.

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ABSTRACT Objective: to describe the main evidence available in the literature on safe practices in the prevention and care of skin lesions in newborns admitted to Neonatal Intensive Care Units. Methods: integrative literature review in the PubMed, BDENF, LILACS, MEDLINE, SciELO and Cochrane Library databases between 2013 and 2018. We included primary articles on: lesion prevention and skin care in newborns in Portuguese, English or Spanish and excluded editorials, thesis, dissertations and duplicate articles. For the evidence level, we used the Melnyk and Fineout-Overholt classification, which classifies studies between weak to strong evidence. Results: a total of 10 articles with moderate to weak evidence on thermoregulation, bathing, lesion prevention, use of patches and skin antisepsis. Final considerations: there was a shortage of publications with high evidence, and it is necessary to invest in research that seeks to support safer skin care practices.

RESUMEN Objetivo: describir la principal evidencia disponible en la literatura sobre prácticas seguras en la prevención y atención de lesiones cutáneas en recién nacidos ingresados en Unidades de Cuidados Intensivos Neonatales. Métodos: revisión integradora de la literatura en las bases de datos PubMed, BDENF, LILACS, MEDLINE, SciELO y Cochrane Library entre 2013 y 2018. Incluimos artículos primarios sobre: prevención de lesiones y cuidado de la piel en recién nacidos, en portugués, inglés o español y excluimos editoriales, tesis, disertaciones y artículos duplicados. Para el nivel de evidencia, utilizamos el modelo de Melnyk y Fineout-Overholt, que clasifica los estudios entre evidencia débil a fuerte. Resultados: inclusión de diez artículos con evidencia moderada a débil sobre termorregulación, baño, prevención de lesiones, uso de parches y antisepsia de la piel. Consideraciones finales: hubo una escasez de publicaciones con evidencia fuerte, y es necesario invertir en investigaciones que busquen apoyar prácticas más seguras para el cuidado de la piel.

RESUMO Objetivo: descrever as principais evidências disponíveis na literatura sobre as práticas seguras na prevenção e cuidado com as lesões cutâneas em recém-nascidos internados em Unidades de Terapia Intensiva Neonatal (UTIN). Método: revisão integrativa da literatura nas bases de dados PubMed, BDENF, LILACS, MEDLINE, SciELO e Cochrane Library, entre 2013 e 2018. Foram incluídos artigos primários sobre: prevenção de lesão e cuidados com a pele em recém-nascidos, em português, inglês ou espanhol e excluídos editoriais, teses, dissertações e artigos duplicados. Para o nível de evidência, foi utilizado o modelo de Melnyk e Fineout-Overholt, que classifica os estudos entre evidência fraca a forte. Resultados: inclusão de dez artigos com evidência moderada a fraca sobre a termorregulação, o banho, a prevenção de lesões, o uso de adesivos e antissepsia da pele. Considerações finais: foi observada escassez de publicações com evidência alta, sendo necessário investir em pesquisas que busquem subsidiar práticas mais seguras de cuidados com a pele.

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This study aimed to describe the gross anatomy of the ventral rami of the thoracic spinal nerves in capuchin monkey (Sapajus apella) and compare with humans and other primate species. Eight specimens, prepared in 10% formalin solution and dissected following routine standard techniques, were used. The animals presented 13-14 pairs of thoracic spinal nerves emerging from the intervertebral foramen and divided into dorsal and ventral rami. The ventral rami of the first 12 or 13 pairs represented intercostal nerves and the latter referred to the subcostal nerve. The intercostal and subcostal nerves gave off muscular and cutaneous branches (lateral and ventral), which promote innervation of muscles and skin associated with the chest and abdominal wall. Atypical anatomy was verified for the 1st, 2nd and 7th to 13th intercostal nerves as well as for the subcostal nerve. The morphological characteristics were similar to those observed in humans and some non-human primates, especially in the absence of collateral branches.

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Introdução: A segurança do paciente nas Unidades de Terapia Intensiva Neonatal (UTIN) é complexa, considerando os problemas concernentes com os eventos adversos (EA) e as lacunas quanto à falta de instrumentos que direcionem o cuidado de enfermagem. Objetivo: Validar o conteúdo de checklists de cuidados de enfermagem pautados na segurança do paciente internado em UTIN nos momentos da admissão, internação e preparação para a alta. Metodologia: Estudo metodológico, realizado entre 2017 e 2018. A primeira etapa incluiu a revisão integrativa para a construção dos instrumentos guiada pela pergunta norteadora: Quais elementos devem compor checklists de cuidados de enfermagem na admissão, internação e preparo para alta, com vistas à segurança do paciente internado em UTIN? A segunda foi a validação de conteúdo dos checklists por enfermeiros especialistas no tema, realizada em três rodadas. Foram avaliados conforme os critérios metodológicos propostos por Pasquali os títulos, os cabeçalhos, as orientações de preenchimento, os itens e as instruções de preenchimento correspondentes, baseados nas Metas Internacionais da Segurança do Paciente e no Programa Nacional de Segurança do Paciente, considerando para a validação o Índice de Validade de Conteúdo (IVC) ≥ 0,90. Utilizou-se a plataforma Survey Monkey® para desenvolvimento e análise descritiva dos dados. Na primeira rodada participaram 43 enfermeiros especialistas, 33 na segunda e 32 na terceira, os quais foram solicitados a considerar pertinência, objetividade, clareza e relevância dos itens. Resultados: Dentre os 111 itens avaliados no total dos três checklists, 110 foram validados com IVC (Índice de Validade de Conteúdo) ≥ a 0,90 após as modificações sugeridas e um único item foi excluído do checklist de admissão por ter apresentado o IVC=0,88. Conclusão: Concluiu-se que o conteúdo dos Checklists de segurança do paciente no cuidado de enfermagem nos momentos da admissão, internação e preparação para a alta da UTIN foi considerado válido pelo comitê de especialistas. Ressalta-se a necessidade de aperfeiçoamento constante dos checklists. Os resultados da pesquisa limitam-se à validade de conteúdo, recomendando, posteriormente, a validação clínica dos instrumentos.(AU)

Introduction: Introduction: Patient safety in Neonatal Intensive Care Units (NICUs) is complex, considering the problems related to adverse events (AEs) and gaps in the lack of instruments that guide nursing care. Objective: Validate the check-in of nursing care during hospitalization and preparation for discharge. Methodology: Methodological study, conducted between 2017 and 2018. The first stage included the integrative review for the construction of the instruments guided by the guiding question: Which elements should compose nursing care checklists at admission, hospitalization and preparation for discharge, with a view to safety of the patient admitted to a NICU? The second was the validation of content of the checklists by nurses specialists in the theme, held in three rounds. According to the methodological criteria proposed by Pasquali, the corresponding headings, headings, fill-in guidelines, items and instructions, based on the International Patient Safety Goals and the National Patient Safety Program, were considered for validation the Content Validity Index (IVC) ≥ 0.90. The Survey Monkey® platform was used for data analysis and descriptive analysis. The first round was attended by 43 specialist nurses, 33 in the second and 32 in the third, who were asked to consider the relevance, objectivity, clarity and relevance of the items. Results: Of the 111 items evaluated in the total of the three checklists, 110 were validated with IVC (Content Validity Index) ≥ 0.90 after the suggested modifications and a single item was excluded from the admission checklist for presenting the IVC = 0.88. Conclusion: It was concluded that the contents of the Patient Safety Checklists in the nursing care at the time of admission, hospitalization and preparation for discharge from the NICU were considered valid by the committee of specialists. The need for constant improvement of checklists is emphasized. The results of the research are limited to the content validity, recommending, later, the clinical validation of the instruments.(AU)

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OBJECTIVES: The objective of this study was to describe the prevalence of overweight and obesity in school children and adolescents in a medium-sized Brazilian city. METHODS: In total, 1,125 children and adolescents between the ages of 5.6 and 18 years from public and private schools participated in the study. The sample included 681 girls and 444 boys. Each subject's weight and height were obtained according to Brazilian guidelines (SISVAN). The triceps (TSF), subscapular (SSF), biceps, suprailiac, femoral and calf skinfolds were measured in triplicate. Body mass index (BMI) was classified as the BMI percentile (BMIP) according to the World Health Organization (WHO) 2007 criteria. The percentage body fat (%BF) was obtained using the equations by Slaughter et al., 1998. Categorical variables were analyzed using the chi-squared test. RESULTS: Overall, 364 participants with excess weight were identified: 17.3% were overweight, and 15.0% were obese. Among the girls, 18.0% were overweight, and 12.5% were obese; among the boys, 15.3% were overweight, and 18.0% were obese. These prevalence rates were higher when the time spent watching TV or participating in media-related activities surpassed 5 hrs/day, when individuals belonged to a higher economic class and when the head of the family had a higher education level (≥12 years). CONCLUSION: It is important to emphasize the need to increase our understanding of factors associated with overweight and obesity, and it is essential to implement measures and policies aimed at reversing this trend, such as stimulating healthy eating habits and physical activity and reducing time spent watching TV and participating in other media activities, including video games and social networking.

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The hoary fox (Lycalopex vetulus,Lund, 1842) is the smallest Brazilian canid, whose weight varies between 2 and 4 kg, has a slender body, a small head, and a short and blackened snout. Despite being considered an endemic species, little is known about the hoary fox as it is one of the seven less studied canids in the world. Thus, this study aimed to describe the anatomy of the abdominal aorta artery of the hoary fox and to compare it with the pre-established literature data in domestic canids. For this purpose, we used two adult hoary foxes without definite age. We collected the corpses of these animals along roadsides of Catalão-GO, being later fixed and conserved in a 10% formalin solution. The results showed that the abdominal aorta in hoary fox is at the ventral face of the lumbar region vertebral bodies, being slightly displaced to the left of the median plane. The first branch is visceral, named celiac artery, followed by a paired parietal branch: the phrenic abdominal arteries. The third and fourth branches are the cranial mesenteric arteries and the right and left are the renal arteries, respectively. The posterior branches of the renal arteries are equally visceral, paired, being called testicular arteries. Distal to the latter, both the caudal mesenteric artery and deep circumflex iliac arteries originate. Finally, two large external iliac arteries and its terminal branches composed of internal iliac arteries and the median sacral artery originate. In addition, five pairs of lumbar arteries originate alongside the abdominal segment of the aorta. Considering these findings, it is possible to conclude that despite the hoary fox being a wild animal, the anatomy of its abdominal aorta is very similar to that of domestic canids.(AU)

A raposa-do-campo (Lycalopex vetulus,Lund, 1842) é o menor canídeo brasileiro, cujo peso varia entre 2 e 4 quilos, possui corpo esguio, a cabeça é pequena, focinho curto e enegrecido. Considerada uma espécie endêmica, pouco se sabe a seu respeito, e é um dos sete canídeos menos estudados no mundo. Assim, o presente estudo teve o objetivo de descrever a anatomia da parte abdominal da artéria aorta em raposa-do-campo e comparar com dados literários pré-estabelecidos de canídeos domésticos. Para a realização deste estudo foram utilizados dois exemplares de raposa-do-campo, adultos, sem idade definida. Os cadáveres dos animais foram recolhidos às margens de rodovias no entorno da Catalão-Goiás, fixados em solução aquosa de formol a 10% e conservados na mesma solução. Os resultados mostraram que a aorta abdominal da raposa-do-campo está localizada sobre a face ventral dos corpos vertebrais da região lombar, levemente deslocada para a esquerda do plano mediano. O primeiro ramo é visceral, denominado artéria celíaca, seguido por um ramo parietal, pareado, as artérias frênico-abdominais. O terceiro e quarto ramos são a artéria mesentérica caudal e as artérias renais direita e esquerda, respectivamente. Os ramos posteriores das artérias renais são igualmente viscerais, pareados, denominados artérias testiculares. Distal à essas últimas, originam-se a artéria mesentérica caudal e as artérias circunflexas ilíacas profundas. Finalmente surgem duas grandes artérias ilíacas externas e os ramos terminais compostos pelas artérias ilíacas internas e artéria sacral mediana. Ao longo do trajeto da aorta abdominal, cinco pares de artérias lombares se originam da face dorsal. Considerando esses achados, pode ser concluído que a anatomia da aorta abdominal da raposa-do-campo é muito similar àquela de canídeos domésticos, embora ela seja um animal silvestre. (AU)

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The hoary fox (Lycalopex vetulus, Lund, 1842) is the smallest Brazilian canid, whose weight varies between 2 and 4 kg, has a slender body, a small head, and a short and blackened snout. Despite being considered an endemic species, little is known about the hoary fox as it is one of the seven less studied canids in the world. Thus, this study aimed to describe the anatomy of the abdominal aorta artery of the hoary fox and to compare it with the pre-established literature data in domestic canids. For this purpose, we used two adult hoary foxes without definite age. We collected the corpses of these animals along roadsides of Catalão-GO, being later fixed and conserved in a 10% formalin solution. The results showed that the abdominal aorta in hoary fox is at the ventral face of the lumbar region vertebral bodies, being slightly displaced to the left of the median plane. The first branch is visceral, named celiac artery, followed by a paired parietal branch: the phrenic abdominal arteries. The third and fourth branches are the cranial mesenteric arteries and the rightand left are the renal arteries, respectively. The posterior branches of the renal arteries are equally visceral, paired, being called testicular arteries. Distal to the latter, both the caudal mesenteric artery and deep circumflex iliac arteries originate. Finally, two large external iliac arteries and its terminal br

A raposa-do-campo (Lycalopex vetulus) é o menor canídeo brasileiro, cujo peso varia entre 2 e 4 quilos, possui corpo esguio, a cabeça é pequena, focinho curto e enegrecido. Considerada uma espécie endêmica, pouco se sabe a seu respeito, e é um dos sete canídeos menos estudados no mundo. Assim, o presente estudo teve o objetivo de descrever a anatomia da parte abdominal da artéria aorta em raposa-do-campo e comparar com dados literários pré-estabelecidos de canídeos domésticos. Para a realização deste estudo foram utilizados dois exemplares de raposa-do-campo, adultos, sem idade definida. Os cadáveres dos animais foram recolhidos às margens de rodovias no entorno da Catalão-Goiás, fixados em solução aquosa de formol a 10% e conservados na mesma solução. Os resultados mostraram que a aorta abdominal da raposa-do-campo está localizada sobre a face ventral dos corpos vertebrais da região lombar, levemente deslocada para a esquerda do plano mediano. O primeiro ramo é visceral, denominado artéria celíaca, seguido por um ramoparietal, pareado, as artérias frênico-abdominais. O terceiro e quarto ramos são a artéria mesentérica caudal e as artérias renais direita e esquerda, respectivamente. Os ramos posteriores das artérias renais são igualmente viscerais, pareados, denominados artérias testiculares. Distal à essas últimas, originam-se a artéria mesentérica caudal e as artérias circunf

RESUMO

OBJECTIVES: The objective of this study was to describe the prevalence of overweight and obesity in school children and adolescents in a medium-sized Brazilian city. METHODS: In total, 1,125 children and adolescents between the ages of 5.6 and 18 years from public and private schools participated in the study. The sample included 681 girls and 444 boys. Each subject's weight and height were obtained according to Brazilian guidelines (SISVAN). The triceps (TSF), subscapular (SSF), biceps, suprailiac, femoral and calf skinfolds were measured in triplicate. Body mass index (BMI) was classified as the BMI percentile (BMIP) according to the World Health Organization (WHO) 2007 criteria. The percentage body fat (%BF) was obtained using the equations by Slaughter et al., 1998. Categorical variables were analyzed using the chi-squared test. RESULTS: Overall, 364 participants with excess weight were identified: 17.3% were overweight, and 15.0% were obese. Among the girls, 18.0% were overweight, and 12.5% were obese; among the boys, 15.3% were overweight, and 18.0% were obese. These prevalence rates were higher when the time spent watching TV or participating in media-related activities surpassed 5 hrs/day, when individuals belonged to a higher economic class and when the head of the family had a higher education level (≥12 years). CONCLUSION: It is important to emphasize the need to increase our understanding of factors associated with overweight and obesity, and it is essential to implement measures and policies aimed at reversing this trend, such as stimulating healthy eating habits and physical activity and reducing time spent watching TV and participating in other media activities, including video games and social networking.

Assuntos

RESUMO

The hoary fox (Lycalopex vetulus, Lund, 1842) is the smallest Brazilian canid, whose weight varies between 2 and 4 kg, has a slender body, a small head, and a short and blackened snout. Despite being considered an endemic species, little is known about the hoary fox as it is one of the seven less studied canids in the world. Thus, this study aimed to describe the anatomy of the abdominal aorta artery of the hoary fox and to compare it with the pre-established literature data in domestic canids. For this purpose, we used two adult hoary foxes without definite age. We collected the corpses of these animals along roadsides of Catalão-GO, being later fixed and conserved in a 10% formalin solution. The results showed that the abdominal aorta in hoary fox is at the ventral face of the lumbar region vertebral bodies, being slightly displaced to the left of the median plane. The first branch is visceral, named celiac artery, followed by a paired parietal branch: the phrenic abdominal arteries. The third and fourth branches are the cranial mesenteric arteries and the rightand left are the renal arteries, respectively. The posterior branches of the renal arteries are equally visceral, paired, being called testicular arteries. Distal to the latter, both the caudal mesenteric artery and deep circumflex iliac arteries originate. Finally, two large external iliac arteries and its terminal br

A raposa-do-campo (Lycalopex vetulus) é o menor canídeo brasileiro, cujo peso varia entre 2 e 4 quilos, possui corpo esguio, a cabeça é pequena, focinho curto e enegrecido. Considerada uma espécie endêmica, pouco se sabe a seu respeito, e é um dos sete canídeos menos estudados no mundo. Assim, o presente estudo teve o objetivo de descrever a anatomia da parte abdominal da artéria aorta em raposa-do-campo e comparar com dados literários pré-estabelecidos de canídeos domésticos. Para a realização deste estudo foram utilizados dois exemplares de raposa-do-campo, adultos, sem idade definida. Os cadáveres dos animais foram recolhidos às margens de rodovias no entorno da Catalão-Goiás, fixados em solução aquosa de formol a 10% e conservados na mesma solução. Os resultados mostraram que a aorta abdominal da raposa-do-campo está localizada sobre a face ventral dos corpos vertebrais da região lombar, levemente deslocada para a esquerda do plano mediano. O primeiro ramo é visceral, denominado artéria celíaca, seguido por um ramoparietal, pareado, as artérias frênico-abdominais. O terceiro e quarto ramos são a artéria mesentérica caudal e as artérias renais direita e esquerda, respectivamente. Os ramos posteriores das artérias renais são igualmente viscerais, pareados, denominados artérias testiculares. Distal à essas últimas, originam-se a artéria mesentérica caudal e as artérias circunf

RESUMO

The hoary fox (Lycalopex vetulus, Lund, 1842) is the smallest Brazilian canid, whose weight varies between 2 and 4 kg, has a slender body, a small head, and a short and blackened snout. Despite being considered an endemic species, little is known about the hoary fox as it is one of the seven less studied canids in the world. Thus, this study aimed to describe the anatomy of the abdominal aorta artery of the hoary fox and to compare it with the pre-established literature data in domestic canids. For this purpose, we used two adult hoary foxes without definite age. We collected the corpses of these animals along roadsides of Catalão-GO, being later fixed and conserved in a 10% formalin solution. The results showed that the abdominal aorta in hoary fox is at the ventral face of the lumbar region vertebral bodies, being slightly displaced to the left of the median plane. The first branch is visceral, named celiac artery, followed by a paired parietal branch: the phrenic abdominal arteries. The third and fourth branches are the cranial mesenteric arteries and the rightand left are the renal arteries, respectively. The posterior branches of the renal arteries are equally visceral, paired, being called testicular arteries. Distal to the latter, both the caudal mesenteric artery and deep circumflex iliac arteries originate. Finally, two large external iliac arteries and its terminal(AU)

A raposa-do-campo (Lycalopex vetulus) é o menor canídeo brasileiro, cujo peso varia entre 2 e 4 quilos, possui corpo esguio, a cabeça é pequena, focinho curto e enegrecido. Considerada uma espécie endêmica, pouco se sabe a seu respeito, e é um dos sete canídeos menos estudados no mundo. Assim, o presente estudo teve o objetivo de descrever a anatomia da parte abdominal da artéria aorta em raposa-do-campo e comparar com dados literários pré-estabelecidos de canídeos domésticos. Para a realização deste estudo foram utilizados dois exemplares de raposa-do-campo, adultos, sem idade definida. Os cadáveres dos animais foram recolhidos às margens de rodovias no entorno da Catalão-Goiás, fixados em solução aquosa de formol a 10% e conservados na mesma solução. Os resultados mostraram que a aorta abdominal da raposa-do-campo está localizada sobre a face ventral dos corpos vertebrais da região lombar, levemente deslocada para a esquerda do plano mediano. O primeiro ramo é visceral, denominado artéria celíaca, seguido por um ramoparietal, pareado, as artérias frênico-abdominais. O terceiro e quarto ramos são a artéria mesentérica caudal e as artérias renais direita e esquerda, respectivamente. Os ramos posteriores das artérias renais são igualmente viscerais, pareados, denominados artérias testiculares. Distal à essas últimas, originam-se a artéria mesentérica caudal(AU)

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RESUMO

Ankle sprains are commonly related to sporty activities and often associated with decreases in sensorimotor control, including proprioception, muscle strength and balance. The use of unstable surfaces in the fields of rehabilitation and general fitness has been shown to be effective in increasing the sensory efficiency of soft tissues that stabilize the knee and ankle as well as improving the agonist-antagonist co-contraction. The aim of this study was to analyze the EMG activity of the ankle muscles ­ the tibialis anterior (TA), peroneus longus (PL) and medial head of the gastrocnemius (GM) during proprioceptive exercises using the BOSU compared to other devices traditionally used (balance platform, trampoline and proprioceptive disk). Eleven male volunteers were recruited and data collection was performed using single differential surface electrodes. The EMG signal was recorded and expressed as root mean square, which was normalized by the maximum voluntary isometric contraction. The data were subjected to parametric statistical analysis, using the analysis of variance (ANOVA) for repeated measures. The results showed that the BOSU provided greater activity in the ankle muscles than the most proprioceptive devices, accordingly, the BOSU is a device that should be employed to diversify programs of prevention/rehabilitation for lower limb injuries, preferentially in advanced stages of these approaches.

As entorses de tornozelo são comumente relacionadas com atividades desportivas e muitas vezes estão associados com diminuição no controle sensório-motor, incluindo a propriocepção, força muscular e equilíbrio. A utilização de superfícies instáveis nas áreas de reabilitação e condicionamento físico geral têm sido eficaz no aumento da eficiência sensorial dos tecidos moles que estabilizam o joelho e tornozelo e na melhora da cocontração agonistaantagonista. Desta forma, o objetivo deste estudo foi analisar a atividade eletromiográfica dos músculos tibial anterior (TA), fibular longo (FL) e cabeça medial do gastrocnêmio (GM) durante o exercício proprioceptivo com bosu e comparar com diferentes aparelhos tradicionalmente utilizados (balancinho, cama elástica e disco proprioceptivo). Onze voluntários do gênero masculino foram recrutados e a coleta de dados foi realizada utilizando-se eletrodos de superfície diferencial simples. O sinal eletromiográfico foi quantificado pela Raiz Quadrada da Média (root mean square -RMS) e normalizado pela Contração Isométrica Voluntária Máxima. Os dados obtidos foram submetidos à análise estatística paramétrica, empregando-se teste de análise de variância de medidas repetidas (ANOVA). Os resultados demonstraram que o bosu proporcionou maior atividade nos músculos do tornozelo em relação a maioria dos aparelhos proprioceptivos , desta forma, o bosu é um dispositivo que deve ser utilizado para diversificar um programa de prevenção ou reabilitação de lesões de membro inferior, preferencialmente em estágios avançados destes programas.

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RESUMO

The goal of this study was to describe the anatomy of the femoral artery in wild canids such as the crab-eating fox (Cerdocyon thous), the hoary fox (Lycalopex vetulus), and the maned wolf (Chrysocyon brachyurus). Two specimens from each canid group were used. Red dyed latex was injected in the arterial system of the animals, which were then fixed in 10% formaldehyde aqueous solution and dissected following the routine techniques in macroscopic anatomy. In the three canid groups, the arterial pattern was similar to that described for domestic canids, in which the deep femoral artery rises from the external iliac artery, still in the abdominal cavity, and sends its first branch, the lateral circumflex femoral artery. A few muscular branches, one or two caudal femoral arteries, and the terminal branches ­ the descending genicular artery, the saphenous artery, and the popliteal artery ­ are all originated from the femoral artery. The origin pattern of these vessels also shows similarities with those from domestic canids, sometimes forming trunks and occasionally rising individually. Thus, it can be concluded that the anatomical pattern of the femoral artery and its branches in wild canids shows similarities with that from domestic canids, but inherent variations in each species are also present.(AU)

O objetivo deste estudo foi descrever a anatomia da artéria femoral em canídeos selvagens, como o cachorro do mato (Cerdocyon thous), a raposa do campo (Lycalopex vetulus) e o lobo-guará (Chrysocyon brachyurus). Foram utilizados dois espécimes de cada grupo canídeo. Solução de látex vermelha foi injetada no sistema arterial dos animais, que foram então fixados em solução aquosa de formaldeído a 10% e dissecados seguindo as técnicas rotineiras da anatomia macroscópica. Nos três grupos canídeos, o padrão arterial foi semelhante ao descrito para canídeos domésticos, em que a artéria femoral profunda origina da artéria ilíaca externa, ainda na cavidade abdominal, e envia seu primeiro ramo, a artéria femoral circunflexa lateral. Alguns ramos musculares, uma ou duas artérias femorais caudais e os ramos terminais - a artéria genicular descendente, a artéria safena e a artéria poplítea - são originários da artéria femoral. O padrão de origem desses vasos também mostra semelhanças com as de canídeos domésticos, às vezes formando troncos e ocasionalmente originando individualmente. Assim, pode-se concluir que o padrão anatômico da artéria femoral e seus ramos em canídeos selvagens mostra semelhanças com a dos canídeos domésticos, mas variações inerentes em cada espécie também estão presentes.(AU)

Assuntos

RESUMO

The goal of this study was to describe the anatomy of the femoral artery in wild canids such as the crab-eating fox (Cerdocyon thous), the hoary fox (Lycalopex vetulus), and the maned wolf (Chrysocyon brachyurus). Two specimens from each canid group were used. Red dyed latex was injected in the arterial system of the animals, which were then fixed in 10% formaldehyde aqueous solution and dissected following the routine techniques in macroscopic anatomy. In the three canid groups, the arterial pattern was similar to that described for domestic canids, in which the deep femoral artery rises from the external iliac artery, still in the abdominal cavity, and sends its first branch, the lateral circumflex femoral artery. A few muscular branches, one or two caudal femoral arteries, and the terminal branches ­ the descending genicular artery, the saphenous artery, and the popliteal artery ­ are all originated from the femoral artery. The origin pattern of these vessels also shows similarities with those from domestic canids, sometimes forming trunks and occasionally rising individually. Thus, it can be concluded that the anatomical pattern of the femoral artery and its branches in wild canids shows similarities with that from domestic canids, but inherent variations in each species are also present.(AU)

O objetivo deste estudo foi descrever a anatomia da artéria femoral em canídeos selvagens, como o cachorro do mato (Cerdocyon thous), a raposa do campo (Lycalopex vetulus) e o lobo-guará (Chrysocyon brachyurus). Foram utilizados dois espécimes de cada grupo canídeo. Solução de látex vermelha foi injetada no sistema arterial dos animais, que foram então fixados em solução aquosa de formaldeído a 10% e dissecados seguindo as técnicas rotineiras da anatomia macroscópica. Nos três grupos canídeos, o padrão arterial foi semelhante ao descrito para canídeos domésticos, em que a artéria femoral profunda origina da artéria ilíaca externa, ainda na cavidade abdominal, e envia seu primeiro ramo, a artéria femoral circunflexa lateral. Alguns ramos musculares, uma ou duas artérias femorais caudais e os ramos terminais - a artéria genicular descendente, a artéria safena e a artéria poplítea - são originários da artéria femoral. O padrão de origem desses vasos também mostra semelhanças com as de canídeos domésticos, às vezes formando troncos e ocasionalmente originando individualmente. Assim, pode-se concluir que o padrão anatômico da artéria femoral e seus ramos em canídeos selvagens mostra semelhanças com a dos canídeos domésticos, mas variações inerentes em cada espécie também estão presentes.(AU)

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