RESUMO
Fungal diseases, especially those that affect the root systems of plants, caused by Rhizoctonia and Macrophomina are limiting factors for achieving high crop yields. Alternatives to controlling fungi with chemical products drive the search for new options for bioactive compounds from plants. Attalea geraensis, a palm tree from the Brazilian Cerrado, is rich in flavonoids with antifungal actions. The objective of this work is to identify the chemical classes present in the ethanolic extract of green leaves of A. geraensis and determine the antifungal potential of the extract against isolates of Macrophomina phaseolina (Tassi) Goid. and Rhizoctonia solani JG Kühn. Phytochemical prospection, flavonoid dereplication, and antifungal activity were carried out of the ethanolic extract of the green leaves of A. geraensis harvested in the Cerrado area of Brazil. Steroids, triterpenes, saponins, and anthraquinones are described here for the first time for the leaves of A. geraensis. The flavonoids quercetin, isorhamnetin, 3,7-dimethylquercetin, quercetin 3-galactoside, 5,7-dihydroxy-2-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-3-{[3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy}-4H-chromen-4-one, rhamnazin 3-galactoside, keioside, and rhamnazin 3-rutinoside were identified. Of these, only quercetin and isorhamnetin had already been identified in the leaves of A. geraensis. The results show a fungistatic potential for the species. The diversity of flavonoids present in the leaves of A. geraensis may be the result of a synergistic action between fungus and plant or there could be an antagonistic effect between flavonoids and the other identified chemical classes.
Assuntos
Antifúngicos , Arecaceae , Antifúngicos/farmacologia , Antifúngicos/química , Brasil , Arecaceae/química , Quercetina/análise , Extratos Vegetais/química , Flavonoides/análise , Etanol/análise , Etanol/química , Folhas de Planta/química , Galactosídeos/análiseRESUMO
1. The purpose of this study was to determine the metabolisable energy of high-protein distiller's dried grains with solubles (HP-DDGS) for meat quail (Coturnix coturnix coturnix; Experiment I) and evaluate the effects of dietary levels of HP-DDGS on animal performance, carcase characteristics, meat quality, and organ weights (Experiment II).2. In Experiment 1, 96 meat quail were distributed in a completely randomised design with two treatments (reference or test diet) and six replicates of eight birds. The experimental period consisted of 5 d adaptation, followed by 5 d total excreta collection. The experimental diets consisted of a reference (control) and a test diet formulated with 800 g/kg reference diet and 200 g/kg HP-DDGS.3. In Experiment 2, 612 meat quail were distributed in a completely randomised design fed one of six dietary levels of HP-DDGS (0, 85, 170, 255, 340, or 425 g/kg) as a replacement for soybean meal. At 42 d of age, birds were slaughtered and evaluated for carcase yield, organ weights, and meat quality.4. Apparent metabolisable energy values corrected for nitrogen retention of HP-DDGS were 12.5 and 12.3 MJ/kg for males and females, respectively.5. In the starter phase (1-21 d of age), increasing dietary HP-DDGS levels had a quadratic effect on body weight (BW) (P = 0.020) and body weight gain (BWG) (P = 0.019). The maximum BW and BWG values were estimated to be achieved with 296.0 and 296.2 g/kg dietary HP-DDGS, respectively. Overall (1-42 d of age), increasing dietary HP-DDGS levels in replacement of soybean meal did not affect animal performance, carcase yield, meat quality or organ weight in meat quail.6. It was concluded that dietary HP-DDGS can fully replace soybean meal in meat quail diets without affecting growth performance, carcase yield, meat quality or organ weight.
Assuntos
Coturnix , Codorniz , Masculino , Feminino , Animais , Farinha , Galinhas , Dieta/veterinária , Proteínas Alimentares , Carne , Glycine max , Peso Corporal , Ração Animal/análise , Fenômenos Fisiológicos da Nutrição Animal , Grão Comestível , Zea maysRESUMO
Fungal diseases, especially those that affect the root systems of plants, caused by Rhizoctonia and Macrophomina are limiting factors for achieving high crop yields. Alternatives to controlling fungi with chemical products drive the search for new options for bioactive compounds from plants. Attalea geraensis, a palm tree from the Brazilian Cerrado, is rich in flavonoids with antifungal actions. The objective of this work is to identify the chemical classes present in the ethanolic extract of green leaves of A. geraensis and determine the antifungal potential of the extract against isolates of Macrophomina phaseolina (Tassi) Goid. and Rhizoctonia solani JG Kühn. Phytochemical prospection, flavonoid dereplication, and antifungal activity were carried out of the ethanolic extract of the green leaves of A. geraensis harvested in the Cerrado area of Brazil. Steroids, triterpenes, saponins, and anthraquinones are described here for the first time for the leaves of A. geraensis. The flavonoids quercetin, isorhamnetin, 3,7-dimethylquercetin, quercetin 3-galactoside, 5,7-dihydroxy-2-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-3-{[3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy}-4H-chromen-4-one, rhamnazin 3-galactoside, keioside, and rhamnazin 3-rutinoside were identified. Of these, only quercetin and isorhamnetin had already been identified in the leaves of A. geraensis. The results show a fungistatic potential for the species. The diversity of flavonoids present in the leaves of A. geraensis may be the result of a synergistic action between fungus and plant or there could be an antagonistic effect between flavonoids and the other identified chemical classes.
Doenças fúngicas, especialmente as que afetam os sistemas radiculares das plantas, causadas por Rhizoctonia e Macrophomina, são fatores limitantes para obtenção de grande produtividade das culturas. Alternativas ao controle dos fungos com produtos químicos impulsionam a pesquisa de novas opções de compostos bioativos oriundos de plantas. A Attalea geraensis, uma palmeira do Cerrado brasileiro, é rica em flavonoides com ações antifúngicas. O objetivo do trabalho foi identificar as classes químicas presentes no extrato etanólico das folhas verdes de A. geraensis e determinar o potencial antifúngico do extrato frente a isolados de Macrophomina phaseolina (Tassi) Goid. e Rhizoctonia solani J.G. Kühn. Realizou-se a prospecção fitoquímica, desreplicação de flavonoides e atividade antifúngica a partir do extrato etanólico das folhas verdes da A. geraensis, colhida em área de Cerrado do Brasil. Os esteroides, triterpenos, saponinas e antraquinonas estão sendo descritos pela primeira vez para as folhas de A. geraensis. Foram identificados os flavonoides quercetina, isoramnetina, 3,7-dimetilquercetina, quercetina 3-galactosídeo, 5,7-dihidroxi-2-(4-hidroxi-3-metoxifenil)-3-{[3,4,5-trihidroxi-6-(hidroximetil)oxan-2-il]oxi}-4H-cromen-4-ona, ramnazina 3-galactosídeo, keiosídeo e ramnazina 3-rutinosídeo. Destes, somente a quercetina e isorhamnetin já haviam sido identificadas nas folhas da A. geraensis. Os resultados indicam potencial fungistático para a espécie. Infere-se que a diversidade de flavonoides presentes nas folhas de A. geraensis pode ser resultado da ação sinérgica entre fungo e planta ou que haja um efeito antagonista entre os flavonoides e as demais classes químicas identificadas.
Assuntos
Extratos Vegetais , Arecaceae/química , Antifúngicos , PradariaRESUMO
This study determined the metabolizable energy of DDGS for broiler quails (Experiment I) and evaluated the effect of different dietary levels of DDGS on performance, carcass, organ weight, meat quality, and economic viability (Experiment II). In Experiment I, 72 broiler quails were randomly distributed into two treatments (reference or test diets). The experimental period consisted of 5 days of adaptation, followed by 5 days of total excreta collection. Experimental diets consisted of a reference or a test diet containing 800 g/kg reference diet and 200 g/kg DDGS. In experiment II, 432 unsexed broiler quails were randomly distributed into groups fed six levels of DDGS (0, 50, 100, 150, 200, or 250 g/kg). At 43 days of age, birds were slaughtered and evaluated for carcass yield, organ weight, and meat quality. Apparent metabolizable energy values corrected for nitrogen retention of DDGS were 2,488 and 2,466 kcal/kg for males and females, respectively. In the growth phase and the overall period, feed intake increased linearly (p=0.015 and 0.040) and feed conversion ratio worsened (p=0.038 and 0.001) with the inclusion of DDGS in the diet, respectively. A linear increasing (p=0.001) of gizzard weight was observed with increasing dietary DDGS levels, while the economic variables were affect depending on seasonal feedstocks prices. It is concluded that dietary levels up to 250 g/kg DDGS do not affect growth, carcass characteristics, and meat quality of broiler quails. However, the prices of ingredients in the harvest and off-season period should be considered to determine the level of inclusion of DDGS.(AU)
Assuntos
Animais , Grão Comestível/química , Coturnix/fisiologia , Ração Animal/análise , Carne/análiseRESUMO
INTRODUCTION: Thyrotropin stimulating hormone (TSH) suppression in patients with differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) aims to decrease the growth and proliferation of thyroid cancer cells. However, the effect of TSH-suppressive therapy on bone microarchitecture remains undefined. METHODS: Cross-sectional study including 43 women with DTC undergoing TSH-suppressive therapy (sTSH) compared to 20 women also on levothyroxine (LT4) therapy but with TSH in the low-normal range (nTSH) since the thyroid surgery. Bone mineral density (BMD) was measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA), and trabecular bone score (TBS) was evaluated using the TBS iNsigth software. Fracture risk assessed by FRAX, with and without TBS, was calculated. The relationship between suppressive therapy-related parameters and bone parameters was investigated. RESULTS: The TBS mean values were not significantly different in the sTSH and nTSH groups (1.273 ± 0.12 vs 1.307 ± 0.14, p = 0.7197). In both groups, postmenopausal women had degraded microarchitecture (TBS 1.216 ± 0.11 vs 1.213 ± 0.09, p = 0.9333), while premenopausal women had normal microarchitecture (1.328 ± 0.11 vs 1.401 ± 0.12, p = 0.195). The percentage of all postmenopausal women with degraded TBS was 54.7%, while the percentage of osteoporosis diagnoses was 16.1%. The TBS-adjusted FRAX-probability of fracture was similar in sTSH and nTSH groups. Body mass index (BMI) and menopausal status were the only variables associated with TBS and BMD. CONCLUSION: Trabecular microarchitecture assessed by TBS was similar between women on long-term suppressive therapy in DTC and those on LT4 replacement therapy aiming at a TSH level within the low-normal reference range. Low TBS values were observed in postmenopausal women of both groups, suggesting that not only suppressed TSH levels but also a low-normal TSH is associated with deteriorated bone microarchitecture in postmenopausal women following total thyroidectomy.
Assuntos
Adenocarcinoma/tratamento farmacológico , Densidade Óssea , Osso Esponjoso/patologia , Osteoporose/patologia , Neoplasias da Glândula Tireoide/tratamento farmacológico , Tireotropina/antagonistas & inibidores , Tiroxina/efeitos adversos , Adenocarcinoma/patologia , Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Brasil/epidemiologia , Osso Esponjoso/efeitos dos fármacos , Estudos Transversais , Feminino , Seguimentos , Humanos , Menopausa , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Osteoporose/induzido quimicamente , Osteoporose/epidemiologia , Prognóstico , Neoplasias da Glândula Tireoide/patologia , Adulto JovemRESUMO
The aim of this systematic review was to compare the triangular and envelope flaps in mandibular third molar surgery with regard to pain, oedema, and trismus. Secondary outcomes assessed were dehiscence, ecchymosis, alveolar osteitis, periodontal condition, and surgical time. The PRISMA guidelines and recommendations in the Cochrane Handbook were followed, and the review was registered before commencement (PROSPERO; CRD42018112373). The literature search was conducted in the Web of Science, PubMed, Virtual Health Library, Cochrane Library, and Scopus databases and in the grey literature; randomized clinical trials, indexed through November 2018 were included. Three reviewers independently examined the studies. Twenty studies were included in the qualitative analysis, of which 18 were included in the meta-analyses. The flap design did not influence pain, oedema, trismus, dehiscence, or osteitis. The triangular flap was associated with a greater occurrence of postoperative ecchymosis (odds ratio 4.58, 95% confidence interval 1.34 to 15.91, I2=0) and lower periodontal probing depth on day 7 postoperative (standardized mean difference -1.36, 95% confidence interval -2.68 to -0.03, I2=88%) when compared to the envelope flap in mandibular third molar surgeries.
Assuntos
Dente Impactado , Humanos , Mandíbula , Dente Serotino , Dor Pós-Operatória , Extração Dentária , TrismoRESUMO
To develop an alternative bio-control measure for multi-drug resistant pathogenic Aeromonas hydrophila, which causes motile Aeromonas septicemia in fish, novel virulent phage (AHP-1) was isolated from carp tissues. Morphological analysis by transmission electron microscopy revealed that AHP-1 belongs to Myoviridae family. AHP-1 displayed 81% of moderate adsorption by 25 min, and latent period of 40 min with burst size of 97 PFU mL-1 at an optimal multiplicity of infection (MOI) 0.1. AHP-1 was stable over a broad range of pH (4-11), temperature (4-50 °C), and salinity (0.1-3.5%). Both time and MOI dependent in vitro A. hydrophila growth inhibition was observed with AHP-1. AHP-1 (10 MOI) showed higher growth inhibition against A. hydrophila than chloramphenicol (5 µg mL-1), and combined treatment was more promising than individuals. Immune gene expression analysis of zebrafish upon continuous bath exposure to AHP-1 resulted significantly higher (il-6 and sod-1) or slight induction (tnf-α, il1-ß, il-10, and cxcl-8a) than controls at beginning of the phage exposure, but those lowered to basal level by day 12 post-phage exposure. It suggests no adverse immune responses have occurred for the AHP-1 dose that used, and have potential for the phage therapy. Further detailed in vivo studies are needed to confirm the protective efficacy of newly isolated AHP-1 against A. hydrophila infection.
Assuntos
Aeromonas hydrophila , Doenças dos Peixes/microbiologia , Myoviridae/isolamento & purificação , Peixe-Zebra/imunologia , Aeromonas hydrophila/efeitos dos fármacos , Aeromonas hydrophila/virologia , Animais , Bacteriófagos/imunologia , Bacteriófagos/isolamento & purificação , Bacteriófagos/ultraestrutura , Agentes de Controle Biológico , Carpas/virologia , Cloranfenicol/farmacologia , Doenças dos Peixes/terapia , Peixes , Imunidade Celular , Myoviridae/imunologia , Myoviridae/ultraestrutura , Peixe-Zebra/microbiologia , Peixe-Zebra/virologiaRESUMO
Dialysate calcium concentration (d[Ca]) might have a cardiovascular impact in patients on haemodialysis (HD) since a higher d[Ca] determines better hemodynamic tolerability. We have assessed the influence of d[Ca] on global longitudinal strain (GLS) by two-dimensional echocardiography using speckle-tracking imaging before and in the last hour of HD. This is an observational crossover study using d[Ca] 1.75 mmol/L and 1.25 mmol/L. Ultrafiltration was the same between interventions; patients aged 44 ± 13 years (N = 19). The 1.75 mmol/L d[Ca] was associated with lighter drop of blood pressure. Post HD serum total calcium was higher with d[Ca] 1.75 than with 1.25 mmol/L (11.5 ± 0.8 vs. 9.1 ± 0.5 mg/dL, respectively, p < 0.01). In almost all segments strain values were significantly worse in the peak HD with 1.75 mmol/L d[Ca] than with 1.25 mmol/L d[Ca]. GLS decreased from -19.8 ± 3.7% at baseline to -17.3 ± 2.9% and -16.1 ± 2.6% with 1.25 d[Ca] and 1.75 d[Ca] mmol/L, respectively (p < 0.05 for both d[Ca] vs. baseline and 1.25 d[Ca] vs. 1.75 d[Ca] mmol/L). Factors associated with a worse GLS included transferrin, C-reactive protein, weight lost, and post dialysis serum total calcium. We concluded that d[Ca] of 1.75 mmol/L was associated with higher post dialysis serum calcium, which contributed to a worse ventricular performance. Whether this finding would lead to myocardial stunning needs further investigation.
Assuntos
Cálcio , Diálise/métodos , Soluções para Hemodiálise/química , Função Ventricular Esquerda/efeitos dos fármacos , Adulto , Pressão Sanguínea/efeitos dos fármacos , Cálcio/análise , Cálcio/farmacologia , Estudos Cross-Over , Ecocardiografia/métodos , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-IdadeRESUMO
Hypoparathyroidism (HypoPT) is an uncommon endocrine disorder characterized by chronic deficiency or absence of parathyroid hormone (PTH), which leads to a profound reduction in bone remodeling. Subjects with HypoPT typically have bone mineral densities (BMDs) by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) above average at all skeletal sites, with greatest scores observed at the lumbar spine. Trabecular bone score (TBS), an indirect measure of bone microarchitecture, also appears to be normal in HypoPT. By peripheral quantitative computed tomography (pQCT) of the radius, volumetric BMD at cancellous and cortical compartments, as well as cortical area and thickness, are greater in hypoparathyroid subjects than in controls. The use of high-resolution pQCT (HRpQCT) confirmed the increase in cortical volumetric BMD but demonstrated reduced cortical thickness, associated with lower cortical porosity in HypoPT. Trabeculae tend to be more numerous but thinner in hypoparathyroid subjects. It is not clear whether these structural and the dynamic skeletal abnormalities in HypoPT affect bone strength or fracture risk. Treatment of HypoPT with PTH leads to improvement in bone remodeling rate, variable changes in bone density, and a transient increase in estimated bone strength. The effect of PTH therapy on fracture risk remains unknown. This article reviews skeletal involvement and the effect of PTH treatment in patients with HypoPT, as assessed by DXA, TBS, QCT, and HRpQCT. Data on bone strength and fracture risk in HypoPT are also reviewed here.
Assuntos
Densidade Óssea/fisiologia , Hipoparatireoidismo/fisiopatologia , Absorciometria de Fóton/métodos , Densidade Óssea/efeitos dos fármacos , Remodelação Óssea/efeitos dos fármacos , Remodelação Óssea/fisiologia , Osso Esponjoso/diagnóstico por imagem , Osso Esponjoso/fisiopatologia , Humanos , Hipoparatireoidismo/diagnóstico por imagem , Hipoparatireoidismo/tratamento farmacológico , Hipoparatireoidismo/epidemiologia , Fraturas por Osteoporose/epidemiologia , Proteína Relacionada ao Hormônio Paratireóideo/farmacologia , Proteína Relacionada ao Hormônio Paratireóideo/uso terapêutico , Fragmentos de Peptídeos/farmacologia , Fragmentos de Peptídeos/uso terapêutico , Tomografia Computadorizada por Raios X/métodosRESUMO
AIMS: The aim of this study was to verify the suitable use of candidate 'probiotics' selected by in vitro tests and the importance of in vivo assays to nominate micro-organisms as probiotics and alternative prophylactic treatments for Salmonella Typhimurium infection. METHODS AND RESULTS: Thirty-three lactic acid bacteria (LAB) isolated from foal's faeces were assessed based on the main desirable functional in vitro criteria. Based on these results, Pediococcus pentosaceus strain 40 was chosen to evaluate its putative probiotic features in a mouse model of Salmonella infection. Daily intragastric doses of Ped. pentosaceus 40 for 10 days before and 10 days after Salmonella challenge (106 CFU of Salm. Typhimurium per mouse) led to a significant aggravation in mouse health by increasing weight loss, worsening clinical symptoms and anticipating the time and the number of deaths by Salmonella. Pediococcus pentosaceus modulated cell-mediated immune responses by up-regulation of the gene expression of the proinflammatory cytokines IFN-γ and TNF-α in the small intestine. CONCLUSION: The usual criteria were used for in vitro screening of a large number of LAB for desirable probiotic functional properties. However, the best candidate probiotic strain identified, Ped. pentosaceus #40, aggravated the experimental disease in mice. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY: These findings emphasize the need for prophylactic or therapeutic effectiveness to be demonstrated in in vivo models to make precise health claims.
Assuntos
Fezes/microbiologia , Pediococcus pentosaceus/isolamento & purificação , Probióticos/administração & dosagem , Infecções por Salmonella/tratamento farmacológico , Animais , Citocinas/genética , Citocinas/imunologia , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Feminino , Cavalos , Humanos , Masculino , Camundongos , Camundongos Endogâmicos BALB C , Pediococcus pentosaceus/genética , Pediococcus pentosaceus/fisiologia , Salmonella/fisiologia , Infecções por Salmonella/genética , Infecções por Salmonella/metabolismo , Infecções por Salmonella/microbiologia , Fator de Necrose Tumoral alfa/genética , Fator de Necrose Tumoral alfa/metabolismo , Regulação para CimaRESUMO
The effects of combinations of the monoterpenes thymol and carvacrol and the phenylpropanoid eugenol in larvae of Rhipicephalus microplus (Canestrini, 1888) (Acari: Ixodidae) and Rhipicephalus sanguineus sensu lato (s.l.) (Acari: Ixodidae) were assessed by the larval packet test. The CompuSyn program was used to make qualitative assessments of the effects (synergistic, additive and antagonistic) of the associations. The effects of all combinations tested against R. microplus larvae were synergistic, with combination indices (CIs) <0.70. When tested against R. sanguineus, eight of the mixtures showed a synergistic effect (CI < 0.70); only the carvacrol + thymol mixture at LC50 presented a moderate synergistic effect, with CIs between 0.70-0.90. This study is the first to determine the effects of the interactions of these substances in the control of these two tick species. The combinations of carvacrol + thymol, carvacrol + eugenol and thymol + eugenol have synergistic effects in R. microplus and R. sanguineus s.l. larvae.
Assuntos
Acaricidas , Eugenol , Monoterpenos , Rhipicephalus , Timol , Animais , Cimenos , Sinergismo Farmacológico , Larva/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Rhipicephalus/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Rhipicephalus sanguineus/crescimento & desenvolvimentoRESUMO
It is expensive and laborious to evaluate carcass composition in beef cattle. The objective of this study was to evaluate a method to predict the 9th to 11th rib section (rib) composition through empirical equations using dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). Dual energy X-ray absorptiometry is a validated method used to describe tissue composition in humans and other animals, but few studies have evaluated this technique in beef cattle, and especially in the Zebu genotype. A total of 116 rib were used to evaluate published prediction equations for rib composition and to develop new regression models using a cross-validation procedure. For the proposed models, 93 ribs were randomly selected to calculate the new regression equations, and 23 different ribs were randomly selected to validate the regressions. The rib from left carcasses were taken from Nellore and Nellore × Angus bulls from 3 different studies and scanned using DXA equipment (GE Healthcare, Madison, WI) in the Health Division at Universidade Federal de Viçosa (Viçosa, Brazil). The outputs of the DXA report were DXA lean (g), DXA fat free mass (g), DXA fat mass (g), and DXA bone mineral content (BMC; g). After being scanned, the rib were dissected, ground, and chemically analyzed for total ether extract (EE), CP, water, and ash content. The predictions of rib fat and protein from previous published equations were different ( < 0.01) from the observed composition. New equations were established through leave-one-out cross-validation using the REG procedure in SAS. The equations were as follows: lean (g) = 37.082 + 0.907× DXA lean ( = 0.95); fat free mass (g) = 103.224 + 0.869 × DXA fat free mass ( = 0.93); EE mass (g) = 122.404 + 1.119 × DXA fat mass ( = 0.86); and ash mass (g) = 18.722 + 1.016 × DXA BMC ( = 0.39). The equations were validated using Mayer's test, the concordance correlation coefficient, and the mean square error of prediction for decomposition. For both equations, Mayer's test indicated that if the intercept and the slope were equal to 0 and 1 ( > 0.05), respectively, then the equation correctly estimated the rib composition. Comparing observed and predicted values using the new equations, Mayer's test was not significant for lean mass ( = 0.26), fat free mass ( = 0.67), EE mass ( = 0.054), and ash mass ( = 0.14). We concluded that the rib composition of Nellore and Nellore × Angus bulls can be estimated from DXA using the proposed equations.
Assuntos
Absorciometria de Fóton/veterinária , Bovinos , Gorduras/análise , Proteínas/análise , Costelas/química , Tecido Adiposo/química , Animais , Composição Corporal , Densidade Óssea , Brasil , Masculino , Carne VermelhaRESUMO
Diarrhoea in piglets by Salmonella and other pathogens can be a serious health problem. Non-drug treatments such as probiotic microorganisms have various effects on the gastrointestinal microbiota dysbiosis and host immune system modulation. The aim of this study was to demonstrate the suitable use of Weissella paramesenteroides WpK4 strain isolated from healthy piglets as an alternative prophylactic or therapeutic treatment against Salmonella Typhimurium. Out of 37 lactic acid bacteria isolates, 24 strains belonging to the Weissella and Lactobacillus genera were analysed in vitro for desirable probiotic characteristics. The W. paramesenteroides WpK4 strain fulfilled all in vitro tests: resistance to acidic pH and bile salts, hydrophobic cell surface, antagonism against bacterial pathogens, H2O2 production and exopolysaccharide secretion, and non-transferable resistance to antibiotics. Mice fed with WpK4 showed no signs of bacterial translocation to the liver or spleen and decreased Salmonella translocation to these organs. Significantly, WpK4 intake attenuated the weight loss, fostered the preservation of intestinal architecture and integrity, and promoted survival in mice following infection with Salmonella Typhimurium. In addition, WpK4 modulated immune cellular response by inhibiting the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines and inducing anti-inflammatory mediators. These findings validate the probiotic properties of W. paramesenteroides WpK4 strain, and its eventual use in piglets.
Assuntos
Citocinas/genética , Probióticos/uso terapêutico , Salmonelose Animal/dietoterapia , Suínos/microbiologia , Febre Tifoide/dietoterapia , Weissella , Animais , Peso Corporal , Citocinas/metabolismo , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Feminino , Expressão Gênica , Imunoglobulina A/biossíntese , Intestinos/imunologia , Intestinos/microbiologia , Masculino , Camundongos , Salmonella typhimurium , Weissella/isolamento & purificaçãoRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Cachexia is a significant problem in patients with cancer. The effect of cancer on interstitial cells of Cajal (ICC) and neurons of the gastrointestinal tract have not been studied previously. Although supplementation with L-glutamine 2% may have beneficial effects in cancer-related cachexia, and be protective of ICC in models of oxidative stress such as diabetes, its effects on ICC in cancer have also not been studied. METHODS: Twenty-eight male Wistar rats were divided into four groups: control (C), control supplemented with L-glutamine (CG), Walker 256 tumor (WT), and Walker 256 tumor supplemented with L-glutamine (WTG). Rats were implanted with tumor cells or injected with saline in the right flank. After 14 days, the jejunal tissues were collected and processed for immunohistochemical techniques including whole mounts and cryosections and Western blot analysis. KEY RESULTS: Tumor-bearing rats demonstrate reduced numbers of Myenteric ICC and deep muscular plexus ICC and yet increased Ano1 protein expression and enhanced ICC networks. In addition, there is more nNOS protein expressed in tumor-bearing rats compared to controls. L-glutamine treatment had a variety of effects on ICC that may be related to the disease state and the interaction of ICC and nNOS neurons. Regardless, L-glutamine reduced the size of tumors and also tumor-induced cachexia that was not due to altered food intake. CONCLUSIONS & INFERENCES: There are significant effects on ICC in the Walker 256 tumor model. Although supplementation with L-glutamine has differential and complex effects of ICC, it reduces tumor size and tumor-associated cachexia, which supports its beneficial therapeutic role in cancer.
Assuntos
Caquexia/metabolismo , Carcinoma 256 de Walker/metabolismo , Canais de Cloreto/efeitos dos fármacos , Glutamina/farmacologia , Células Intersticiais de Cajal/efeitos dos fármacos , Jejuno/efeitos dos fármacos , Plexo Mientérico/efeitos dos fármacos , Óxido Nítrico Sintase Tipo I/efeitos dos fármacos , Estresse Oxidativo/efeitos dos fármacos , Animais , Anoctamina-1 , Western Blotting , Carcinoma 256 de Walker/patologia , Canais de Cloreto/metabolismo , Imuno-Histoquímica , Células Intersticiais de Cajal/metabolismo , Masculino , Plexo Mientérico/citologia , Óxido Nítrico Sintase Tipo I/metabolismo , Ratos , Ratos Wistar , Carga TumoralRESUMO
Objetivou-se avaliar as características bromatológicas, como matéria seca (MS), proteína bruta (PB), fibra em detergente neutro (FDN) e ácido (FDA), lignina (LIG), nutrientes digestíveis totais (NDT) e fermentativas como pH e a porcentagem do nitrogênio amoniacal em relação ao nitrogênio total (N-NH3/NT), da silagem do bagaço de laranja pré-seco (SBL) em diferentes tempos de armazenamento, bem como parâmetros relacionados à perdas de nutrientes, como as perdas por gases, por efluentes e recuperação de matéria seca. Adotou-se o delineamento experimental inteiramente casualizado, com cinco tratamentos e seis repetições, sendo os tratamentos diferentes dias de abertura dos mini-silos (10, 20, 40, 60 e 80 dias). Os valores de MS, PB, FDN, LIG, NDT, N-NH3/NT e recuperação de matéria seca não apresentaram diferenças (P>0,05) entre os dias de abertura dos mini-silos. Houve redução (P<0,05) nos teores de FDA, perdas de MS, perdas por gases e nos valores do pH. A ensilagem pode ser utilizada para conservar o bagaço de laranja pré-seco, uma vez que o processo manteve o valor nutritivo...(AU)
The objective of this study was to evaluate the bromatological [dry matter, crude protein (CP), neutral (NDF) and acid detergent fiber (ADF), lignin and total digestible nutrients (TDN)] and fermentation characteristics [pH and ammoniacal nitrogen in relation to total nitrogen (N-NH3/TN)] of pre-dried orange bagasse silage after different periods of storage, as well as parameters related to nutrient losses from gases and effluents and dry matter recovery. A completely randomized design with five treatments and six replicates was adopted in which the treatments consisted of the different days of opening of the mini-silos (10, 20, 40, 60, and 80 days). Dry matter, CP, NDF, lignin, TDN, N-NH3/TN or dry matter recovery did not differ (P>0.05) between days of opening of the mini-silos. A reduction (P<0.05) was observed in ADF content, dry matter losses, losses from gases, and pH values. Ensiling can be used to store pre-dried orange bagasse since the process maintains its nutritional value...(AU)
Assuntos
Animais , Silagem , Citrus sinensis , Valor Nutritivo , Amônia , Concentração de Íons de Hidrogênio , Ração AnimalRESUMO
Objetivou-se avaliar as características bromatológicas, como matéria seca (MS), proteína bruta (PB), fibra em detergente neutro (FDN) e ácido (FDA), lignina (LIG), nutrientes digestíveis totais (NDT) e fermentativas como pH e a porcentagem do nitrogênio amoniacal em relação ao nitrogênio total (N-NH3/NT), da silagem do bagaço de laranja pré-seco (SBL) em diferentes tempos de armazenamento, bem como parâmetros relacionados à perdas de nutrientes, como as perdas por gases, por efluentes e recuperação de matéria seca. Adotou-se o delineamento experimental inteiramente casualizado, com cinco tratamentos e seis repetições, sendo os tratamentos diferentes dias de abertura dos mini-silos (10, 20, 40, 60 e 80 dias). Os valores de MS, PB, FDN, LIG, NDT, N-NH3/NT e recuperação de matéria seca não apresentaram diferenças (P>0,05) entre os dias de abertura dos mini-silos. Houve redução (P<0,05) nos teores de FDA, perdas de MS, perdas por gases e nos valores do pH. A ensilagem pode ser utilizada para conservar o bagaço de laranja pré-seco, uma vez que o processo manteve o valor nutritivo...
The objective of this study was to evaluate the bromatological [dry matter, crude protein (CP), neutral (NDF) and acid detergent fiber (ADF), lignin and total digestible nutrients (TDN)] and fermentation characteristics [pH and ammoniacal nitrogen in relation to total nitrogen (N-NH3/TN)] of pre-dried orange bagasse silage after different periods of storage, as well as parameters related to nutrient losses from gases and effluents and dry matter recovery. A completely randomized design with five treatments and six replicates was adopted in which the treatments consisted of the different days of opening of the mini-silos (10, 20, 40, 60, and 80 days). Dry matter, CP, NDF, lignin, TDN, N-NH3/TN or dry matter recovery did not differ (P>0.05) between days of opening of the mini-silos. A reduction (P<0.05) was observed in ADF content, dry matter losses, losses from gases, and pH values. Ensiling can be used to store pre-dried orange bagasse since the process maintains its nutritional value...
Assuntos
Animais , Amônia , Citrus sinensis , Concentração de Íons de Hidrogênio , Silagem , Valor Nutritivo , Ração AnimalRESUMO
The aim of this study was to evaluate the stocking density for juveniles for two different species of characins (Astyanax bimaculatus and A. scabripinnis) in a recirculation system. An experiment was carried out with each type in which twelve tanks in each experiment were divided into four treatments (0.25, 0.75, 2.25 and 6.75 fish.L-1), in triplicate. At the end of cultures the stocking density 0.75 fish.L-1 showed greater weekly growth and final weight, for both species, and it is recommended for cultivation under similar conditions.(AU)
Assuntos
Animais , Densidade Demográfica , Characidae , PesqueirosRESUMO
The aim of this study was to evaluate the stocking density for juveniles for two different species of characins (Astyanax bimaculatus and A. scabripinnis) in a recirculation system. An experiment was carried out with each type in which twelve tanks in each experiment were divided into four treatments (0.25, 0.75, 2.25 and 6.75 fish.L-1), in triplicate. At the end of cultures the stocking density 0.75 fish.L-1 showed greater weekly growth and final weight, for both species, and it is recommended for cultivation under similar conditions.(AU)
Assuntos
Animais , Densidade Demográfica , Characidae , PesqueirosRESUMO
Lactic acid bacteria strains are commonly used for animal and human consumption due to their probiotic properties. One of the major genera used is Lactobacillus, a highly diverse genus comprised of several closely related species. The selection of new strains for probiotic use, especially strains of Lactobacillus, is the focus of several research groups. Accurate identification to species level is fundamental for research on new strains, as well as for safety assessment and quality assurance. The 16S-23S internal transcribed spacer (ITS-1) is a deeply homologous region among prokaryotes that is commonly used for identification to the species level because it is able to acquire and accumulate mutations without compromising general bacterial metabolism. In the present study, 16S-23S ITS regions of 45 Lactobacillus species (48 strains) were amplified and subjected to independent enzymatic digestions, using 12 restriction enzymes that recognise six-base sequences. Twenty-nine species showed unique restriction patterns, and could therefore be precisely identified solely by this assay (64%). This approach proved to be reproducible, allowing us to establish simplified restriction patterns for each evaluated species. The restriction patterns of each species were similar among homologous strains, and to a large extent reflected phylogenetic relationships based on 16S rRNA sequences, demonstrating the promising nature of this region for evolutionary studies.