RESUMO
OBJECTIVE: Cardiovascular disease is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide and traditional risk factors for cardiovascular disease have been well-elaborated. In recent years, the use of biomarkers has emerged for identifying individuals at high risk with the aim of earlier identification and risk mitigation. Among the most promising non-traditional markers are BNP and NT-proBNP. This study aims to compare whether serum NT-proBNP co-segregates with traditional cardiovascular risk factors in elderly type 2 diabetic and non diabetic in a population with high prevalence of CVD. METHODS: This study utilized a cross sectional design. Blood samples collected were analyzed for hs-CRP, total serum cholesterol, triglyceride, LDL cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, fasting glucose, insulin, and NT-proBNP. RESULTS: Mean serum NT-proBNP levels were significantly elevated in diabetics (X=125.5 ± 49.7) compared to non diabetics (X = 64.3 ± 34.6). In diabetics, NT-proBNP demonstrated statistically significant spearman's coefficients with respect to systolic blood pressure, triglyceride, hs-CRP, fasting glucose and insulin. Among non diabetics there was no relationship between NT-proBNP, blood pressure and insulin. Multivariate logistic regression revealed relation between diabetics; elevated NT-proBNP, blood pressure, triglyceride, CRP, fasting glucose and plasma insulin compared with non diabetics where NT-proBNP showed significant relation only to diastolic blood pressure. Diabetics showed significant correlation with elevated NT-proBNP and traditional risk factors (hypertension, diabetes, dyslipidemia and elevated hs-CRP) as compared with non diabetics. CONCLUSIONS: NT-proBNP co-segregates with traditional risk factors for CVD among elderly diabetics and may be a useful additional screening test for those at risk for CVD.
Assuntos
Doenças Cardiovasculares/sangue , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/sangue , Angiopatias Diabéticas/sangue , Insulina/sangue , Peptídeo Natriurético Encefálico/sangue , Fragmentos de Peptídeos/sangue , Idoso , Biomarcadores/sangue , Doenças Cardiovasculares/epidemiologia , Doenças Cardiovasculares/fisiopatologia , HDL-Colesterol/sangue , LDL-Colesterol/sangue , Estudos Transversais , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/epidemiologia , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/fisiopatologia , Angiopatias Diabéticas/epidemiologia , Angiopatias Diabéticas/fisiopatologia , Diagnóstico Precoce , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Medição de Risco , Fatores de Risco , Triglicerídeos/sangue , Trinidad e Tobago/epidemiologiaRESUMO
AIM: The objective of this study is to correlate microalbumin and sialic acid levels with anthropometric variables in type 2 diabetic patients with and without nephropathy. METHODS: This study was a case control study and included 108 Trinidadian subjects (aged 15-60 years) of which 30 were healthy individuals, 38 had type 2 diabetes, and 40 were of type 2 diabetic patients with nephropathy. Blood pressure and waist to hip ratio were recorded. Fasting venous blood samples and urine samples were collected from all the subjects. Blood samples were analysed for the glucose, C-reactive protein, and sialic acid. Urine sample was analysed for microalbumin and sialic acid. RESULTS: Urinary microalbumin was higher among diabetic subjects (28.9 +/- 30.3 mg/L) compared with controls (8.4 +/- 10.2 mg/L) and was significantly higher in diabetic patients with nephropathy (792.3 +/- 803.9 mg/L). Serum sialic acid was higher in subjects with diabetic nephropathy (71.5 +/- 23.3 mg/dL) compared to diabetics (66.0 +/- 11.7 mg/dL) and controls (55.2 +/- 8.3 mg/dL). Increased microalbumin and sialic acid were correlated with other cardiovascular risk factors such as hypertension and waist to hip ratios (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: From these results it can be concluded that the increased microalbumin and sialic acid were strongly correlated with hypertension and waist to hip ratios in Trinidadian type-2 diabetic patients. Measurement of sialic acid, microalbumin, and waist to hip ratio along with the blood pressure is recommended for all type 2 diabetic patients to reduce the cardiovascular risk.
Assuntos
Albuminúria/metabolismo , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/metabolismo , Ácido N-Acetilneuramínico/sangue , Ácido N-Acetilneuramínico/urina , Adolescente , Adulto , Análise de Variância , Antropometria , Biomarcadores/sangue , Biomarcadores/urina , Glicemia/análise , Proteína C-Reativa/metabolismo , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Nefropatias Diabéticas/metabolismo , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Trinidad e TobagoRESUMO
Hibiscus rosa sinensis (H rosa sinensis), a plant product, has been used for the treatment of a variety of diseases as well as to promote wound healing. The wound-healing activity of the ethanol extract of H rosa sinensis flower was determined in rats, using excision, incision, and dead space wound models and is presented in this report. The animals were randomly divided into 2 groups of 6 each in all the models. Test group animals in each model were treated with the ethanol extract of H rosa sinensis orally by mixing in drinking water (120 mg kg(-1) day(-1)), and the control group animals were maintained with plain drinking water. Healing was assessed by the rate of wound contraction, period of epithelialization, tensile strength (skin breaking strength), granulation tissue weight, and hydroxyproline content. The antimicrobial activity of the flower extract against selected microorganisms that infect the wounds was also assessed. Animals treated with the extract exhibited an 86% reduction in the wound area compared with controls, who exhibited a 75% reduction. The extract-treated animals were found to epithelize their wounds significantly faster than controls (P < .002) and have shown significantly higher skin-breaking strength than controls (P < .002). The dry and wet weight of granulation tissue and hydroxyproline content were also increased significantly when compared with controls. The reported observations suggest H rosa sinensis aids wound healing in the rat model.