RESUMO
The present paper provides an overview of the state-of-the-art research, outlining the applications of the Industry 4.0 (I4.0) technologies on the aircraft manufacturing sector and their maturity state based on the technology readiness level (TRL) scale. A literature review has been conducted for the identification, selection, and evaluation of the published research. A total of 57 papers extracted from the two most relevant scientific databases for the area (Web of Science and Scopus), from 2010 to March 2021, were analysed and summarized. The research, analysis, and evaluation of these papers has provided an outlook of how the aircraft manufacturing industry is inserted into the I4.0 context, based on a classification of the I4.0 technologies maturity for this industrial branch. Then, a survey was performed with 12 specialists from 5 different aircraft manufacturing companies aiming to report the practical point-of-view in this area. Thus, this paper highlights and discusses the gaps found in the literature related to the I4.0 technologies applied to aircraft manufacturing and their main useful implications not only from the academic point-of-view but also from competitive business aspects, providing recommendations for industrial managers, engineers, and stakeholders. Finally, this paper proposes new opportunities and challenges for future research.
RESUMO
OBJETIVO: avaliar a dispersão de curvas Força x Elongação (FE) representativas do comportamento mecânico de alça cólica íntegra de ratos. MATERIAIS E MÉTODOS: dez segmentos de cólon descendente de ratos machos Wistar foram submetidos ao teste biomecânico Energia Total de Ruptura. Cada curva gerada por esse ensaio foi ajustada ao modelo de Boltzmann, o qual correlaciona os valores de força e elongação por meio da combinação dos parâmetros A1, A2, x0 e d x. Nesse contexto, para cada parâmetro, foram calculadas as médias, os desvios padrão e correlações. Após, determinou-se a dispersão resultante da força em todo processo de deformação através de uma análise que considera as correlações entre as grandezas, com base na lei de propagação das incertezas. Para determinar um intervalo no qual estarão contidos 95% dos valores de força, a dispersão resultante foi multiplicada por um fator de abrangência considerando-se uma distribuição normal. RESULTADOS: os valores da média, do desvio padrão e das correlações foram determinados. A dispersão resultante dos valores de força foi expandida, delineando-se limites dentro dos quais estarão contidas as curvas FE para um intervalo de confiança de 95%. CONCLUSÃO: essa metodologia poderá auxiliar na avaliação de variáveis que interfiram no comportamento mecânico intestinal.
PURPOSE: to evaluate the dispersion of Force x Elongation curves (FE) that represents the mechanical behavior of rat's colon. MATERIALS AND METHODS: ten descending colon segments were submitted to the Total Energy of Rupture Test. Each curve generated by this test was fitted to Boltzmann model that correlates the values of force and elongation through the combination of the parameters A1, A2, x0 and d x. Then, for each parameter were calculated the mean, standard deviation and their correlations. Later, the resultant dispersion was determinated in the whole deformation process by an analysis that considers the correlations between the greatnesses based on the propagation of uncertainties law. The resultant dispersion was multiplied by a coverage factor, considering a normal distribution, to determinate an interval in which 95% of force values will be present. RESULTS: the mean, standard deviation and correlation were determined. The resultant dispersion of force values was expanded drawing limits inside which FE curves will be for a confidence interval of 95%. CONCLUSION: this methodology will be possibly used to evaluate variables that act on the intestinal mechanical behavior.