RESUMO
Genomic sequencing and analysis of holotypes from the MIZA collection (Maracay, Venezuela) and their comparison with other species and their type specimens advances our understanding of their taxonomy. Jemadia demarmelsi Orellana, [2010] is confirmed as a species-level taxon and its female is genetically verified. The following are species-level taxa, not subspecies: Amenis pedro O. Mielke & Casagrande, 2022, stat. nov. (not Amenis pionia (Hewitson, 1857)) and Jemasonia sosia (Mabille, 1878), stat. rest. (not Jemasonia hewitsonii (Mabille, 1878)). Amenis ponina rogeri Orellana, [2010], stat. nov. and Jemasonia pater ortizi (Orellana, [2010]), stat. nov. are subspecies, not species. Jemadia pseudognetus imitator (Mabille, 1891), comb. nov. (not Jemadia hospita (Butler, 1877)) and Damas cervelina Orellana & Costa, 2019, comb. nov. (not Megaleas Godman, 1901) are new combinations.
RESUMO
Emesis eleanorae Gallardo & Grishin n. sp. is described from western Honduras. It differs from other species of Emesis Fabricius, 1807 in having a row of prominent iron-gray crescent-shaped postdiscal spots on both wings above, outlined by paler areas basad and mirrored as merlot-colored spots below, with the largest by the forewing costa, and in its females being bright golden-orange in color. Genomic sequence analysis of Emesis reveals that the new species belongs to the subgenus Aphacitis Hübner, [1819] and is sister to the clade containing Emesis diogenia Prittwitz, 1865 and Emesis heteroclita Stichel, 1929, and the clade of these three species is sister to Emesis vulpina Godman & Salvin, 1886.
Emesis eleanorae Gallardo & Grishin n. sp. se describe desde el Occidente de Honduras. Se diferencia de otras especies de Emesis Fabricius, 1807 por tener una fila de prominentes puntos postdiscales en forma de media luna, color gris-hierro en la parte de arriba de ambas alas, delineadas por áreas más pálidas y reflejadas debajo como manchas de color merlot, las cuales son más grandes en la costa delantera, y en las hembras son de color dorado-anaranjado brillante. El análisis de la secuencia genómica de Emesis revela que la nueva especie pertenece al subgénero Aphacitis Hübner, [1819] y es pariente del clado de Emesis diogenia Prittwitz, 1865 y Emesis heteroclita Stichel, 1929, y el clado de estas tres especies son parientes de Emesis vulpina Godman y Salvin, 1886.
RESUMO
Two species of hairstreak butterflies from the genus Calycopis are known in the United States: C. cecrops and C. isobeon Analysis of mitochondrial COI barcodes of Calycopis revealed cecrops-like specimens from the eastern US with atypical barcodes that were 2.6% different from either USA species, but similar to Central American Calycopis species. To address the possibility that the specimens with atypical barcodes represent an undescribed cryptic species, we sequenced complete genomes of 27 Calycopis specimens of four species: C. cecrops, C. isobeon, C. quintana and C. bactra Some of these specimens were collected up to 60 years ago and preserved dry in museum collections, but nonetheless produced genomes as complete as fresh samples. Phylogenetic trees reconstructed using the whole mitochondrial and nuclear genomes were incongruent. While USA Calycopis with atypical barcodes grouped with Central American species C. quintana by mitochondria, nuclear genome trees placed them within typical USA C. cecrops in agreement with morphology, suggesting mitochondrial introgression. Nuclear genomes also show introgression, especially between C. cecrops and C. isobeon About 2.3% of each C. cecrops genome has probably (p-value < 0.01, FDR < 0.1) introgressed from C. isobeon and about 3.4% of each C. isobeon genome may have come from C. cecrops. The introgressed regions are enriched in genes encoding transmembrane proteins, mitochondria-targeting proteins and components of the larval cuticle. This study provides the first example of mitochondrial introgression in Lepidoptera supported by complete genome sequencing. Our results caution about relying solely on COI barcodes and mitochondrial DNA for species identification or discovery.