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BACKGROUND: Multicomponent interventions that include both school and family or community involvements have the potential to cause significant changes in the levels of health in adolescents. To this end, KOICA and Yonsei Global Health Center implemented a school-based health promotion program from 2015 to 2016 in Northern Lima and Callao, Peru. The present study aimed to evaluate the effects of a school-based health promotion intervention on the health behaviors of school adolescents in Peru. METHODS: Health behaviors were measured using a standard self-administered questionnaire before and after the introduction of a school-based health promotion intervention in 2014 and 2016. The intervention was executed in secondary schools, specifically two schools from Lima and two from Callao, from April 2015 to November 2016. Two schools (one from each area) were selected as control schools. The interventions included health education, screening, and psychological counseling of vulnerable individuals as well as education for teachers and workshops with parents. RESULTS: Descriptive statistics, chi-square test results, and logistic regression values were computed. Sample sizes were 332 and 255 in 2014 and 933 and 599 in 2016 in the intervention and control schools, respectively. Logistic regression analysis revealed significant improvement in the consumption of vegetables and in depression in the intervention schools. Suicide attempts, television-watching, video game use, Internet use, consumption of chips and sugary drinks, and being in fights did not decrease in the intervention group but did increase in the control group. Thus, the intervention might have prevented the worsening of these behaviors in the intervention schools. CONCLUSION: The intervention had a positive effect on vegetable consumption and feeling depressed as well as on preventing the increase in sedentary behaviors, fighting, and suicide attempts.

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OBJECTIVE To assess the prevalence and correlates of insufficient physical activity in adolescents in Peru. METHODS We used a self-administered questionnaire developed from Global school-based Student Health Survey to collect information from secondary school students in North Lima and Callao in 2015. We carried out Poisson regression with robust variance using generalized linear models to estimate the crude and adjusted prevalence ratios (APR) with 95% confidence intervals (95%CI) of insufficient physical activity for its correlates. RESULTS We have found that 78% of the adolescents did not meet the global recommendation of the World Health Organization on physical activity in the last week before the survey. Female respondents (APR = 1.13, 95%CI 1.04-1.21), respondents who perceived themselves as overweight (APR = 1.10, 95%CI 1.03-1.18), and respondents who consumed insufficient vegetables and fruits [no vegetables (APR = 1.30, 95%CI 1.06-1.59), no fruits (APR = 1.15, 95%CI 1.00-1.31) as compared to those who consumed ≥ 2 servings every day in the last seven days] were more likely to report insufficient physical activity. Adolescents who worked after school (APR = 0.92, 95%CI 0.84-0.99), had physical education classes five times per week (APR = 0.94, 95%CI 0.88-0.99), and had parental supervision (APR = 0.92, 95%CI 0.87-0.98) were less likely to report insufficient physical activity. CONCLUSIONS Sex, work after school, perceived body weight, physical education class, parental support, and healthy dietary behaviors were associated with insufficient physical activity. Attempts to improve physical activity should look for ways to enhance leisure-time physical activity, parental support, physical education classes, healthy dietary behaviors, and normal body weight maintenance in adolescents with integrated efforts from the family and school.

Assuntos

Exercício Físico/fisiologia , Atividade Motora/fisiologia , Sobrepeso/epidemiologia , Comportamento Sedentário , Adolescente , Comportamento do Adolescente , Adulto , Criança , Estudos Transversais , Comportamento Alimentar , Feminino , Inquéritos Epidemiológicos , Humanos , Estilo de Vida , Masculino , Peru/epidemiologia , Fatores de Risco , Instituições Acadêmicas , Fatores Sexuais , Fatores Socioeconômicos , Estudantes , Adulto Jovem

RESUMO

ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE To assess the prevalence and correlates of insufficient physical activity in adolescents in Peru. METHODS We used a self-administered questionnaire developed from Global school-based Student Health Survey to collect information from secondary school students in North Lima and Callao in 2015. We carried out Poisson regression with robust variance using generalized linear models to estimate the crude and adjusted prevalence ratios (APR) with 95% confidence intervals (95%CI) of insufficient physical activity for its correlates. RESULTS We have found that 78% of the adolescents did not meet the global recommendation of the World Health Organization on physical activity in the last week before the survey. Female respondents (APR = 1.13, 95%CI 1.04-1.21), respondents who perceived themselves as overweight (APR = 1.10, 95%CI 1.03-1.18), and respondents who consumed insufficient vegetables and fruits [no vegetables (APR = 1.30, 95%CI 1.06-1.59), no fruits (APR = 1.15, 95%CI 1.00-1.31) as compared to those who consumed ≥ 2 servings every day in the last seven days] were more likely to report insufficient physical activity. Adolescents who worked after school (APR = 0.92, 95%CI 0.84-0.99), had physical education classes five times per week (APR = 0.94, 95%CI 0.88-0.99), and had parental supervision (APR = 0.92, 95%CI 0.87-0.98) were less likely to report insufficient physical activity. CONCLUSIONS Sex, work after school, perceived body weight, physical education class, parental support, and healthy dietary behaviors were associated with insufficient physical activity. Attempts to improve physical activity should look for ways to enhance leisure-time physical activity, parental support, physical education classes, healthy dietary behaviors, and normal body weight maintenance in adolescents with integrated efforts from the family and school.

Assuntos

Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Criança , Adolescente , Adulto , Adulto Jovem , Exercício Físico/fisiologia , Sobrepeso/epidemiologia , Comportamento Sedentário , Atividade Motora/fisiologia , Peru/epidemiologia , Instituições Acadêmicas , Fatores Socioeconômicos , Estudantes , Fatores Sexuais , Estudos Transversais , Fatores de Risco , Inquéritos Epidemiológicos , Comportamento do Adolescente , Comportamento Alimentar , Estilo de Vida

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The study assessed television viewing >2 h a day and its association with sedentary behaviors, self-rated health, and academic performance among secondary school adolescents. A cross-sectional survey was conducted among randomly selected students in Lima in 2015. We measured self-reported responses of students using a standard questionnaire, and conducted in-depth interviews with 10 parents and 10 teachers. Chi-square test, correlation and multivariate logistic regression analysis were performed among 1234 students, and thematic analysis technique was used for qualitative information. A total of 23.1% adolescents reported watching television >2 h a day. Qualitative findings also show that adolescents spend most of their leisure time watching television, playing video games or using the Internet. Television viewing had a significant positive correlation with video game use in males and older adolescents, with Internet use in both sexes, and a negative correlation with self-rated health and academic performance in females. Multivariate logistic regression analysis shows that television viewing >2 h a day, independent of physical activity was associated with video games use >2 h a day, Internet use >2 h a day, poor/fair self-rated health and poor self-reported academic performance. Television viewing time and sex had a significant interaction effect on both video game use >2 h a day and Internet use >2 h a day. Reducing television viewing time may be an effective strategy for improving health and academic performance in adolescents.

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Escolaridade , Inquéritos Epidemiológicos , Comportamento Sedentário , Estudantes/estatística & dados numéricos , Televisão/estatística & dados numéricos , Adolescente , Distribuição de Qui-Quadrado , Estudos Transversais , Exercício Físico , Feminino , Humanos , Internet/estatística & dados numéricos , Atividades de Lazer , Masculino , Peru/epidemiologia , Instituições Acadêmicas , Autorrelato , Meio Social , Estudantes/psicologia , Inquéritos e Questionários , Fatores de Tempo , Jogos de Vídeo

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BACKGROUND: Witnessing inter-parental violence and bullying victimization is common for many children and adolescents. This study examines the role of witnessing inter-parental violence and bullying victimization in involvement in physical fighting among Peruvian adolescents. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 1,368 randomly selected adolescents in 2015. We conducted logistic regression analyses to obtain crude and adjusted odds ratios with 95% confidence intervals for involvement in fighting among male and female adolescents. RESULTS: Among all adolescents, 35.8% had been involved in fighting in the last 12 months, 32.9% had been victim of verbal bullying and 37.9% had been the victim of physical bullying. Additionally, 39.2% and 27.8% of adolescents witnessed violence against their mother and father, respectively, at least once in their lives. Multivariate logistic regression analyses found that late adolescence, participation in economic activities, being the victim of verbal bullying, stress, and witnessing violence against the father among male adolescents, and self-rated academic performance and being the victim of physical or verbal bullying among female adolescents were associated with higher odds of being involved in fighting. CONCLUSION: Verbal bullying victimization and witnessing violence against the father in males and bullying victimization in females were associated with greater odds of adolescents being involved in fighting. Creating a non-violent environment at both home and school would be an effective strategy for reducing fighting among the adolescent population.

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OBJECTIVE: We examined the role of gender, family, lifestyle and psychological factors in self-rated health. DESIGN: Cross-sectional study. SETTING: A total of 970 randomly selected students from 11 secondary schools in Lima and Callao, Peru, participated in 2014. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: Self-rated health was measured with a single item: 'In general, how would you rate your health?' Responses were arranged along a five-point Likert-type scale: 'excellent', 'very good', 'good', 'fair' and 'poor'. The outcome variable was dichotomised as 'good' (excellent, very good or good) or 'poor/fair' (poor or fair). METHODS: We calculated adjusted ORs (AORs) and 95% CIs for poor/fair self-rated health using multivariate logistic regression analyses at 3-graded levels. RESULTS: 32.5% of the respondents had fair/poor self-rated health, 23.7% of the total males and 40.0% of the total female samples. Males were less likely to have poor/fair self-rated health (AOR 0.61; CI 0.41 to 0.91). Poor family support strongly increased the likelihood of having poor/fair self-rated health (no support, (AOR 3.15; CI 1.63 to 6.09); low support, (AOR 2.50; CI 1.29 to 4.85)). The other associated variables were missed meals due to a shortage of food (AOR 1.97; CI 1.15 to 3.36), television watching during leisure time (AOR 1.70; CI 1.09 to 2.67), low physical activity (AOR 1.49; CI 1.03 to 2.15), school absenteeism (AOR 1.54; CI 1.03 to 2.31) and perceived life satisfaction (AOR 0.28; CI 0.15 to 0.25). CONCLUSIONS: Gender, missing meals due to a shortage of food, family support, physical activity and life satisfaction influenced self-rated health among adolescents in Peru. Interventions that focus on promoting physical activity for at least 1 h each day for 3 or more days per week, food security and strengthening supportive family roles may improve self-rated health during adolescence.

Assuntos

Relações Familiares , Nível de Saúde , Estilo de Vida , Satisfação Pessoal , População Urbana , Absenteísmo , Adolescente , Criança , Estudos Transversais , Feminino , Humanos , Atividades de Lazer , Masculino , Atividade Motora , Peru , Instituições Acadêmicas , Autorrelato , Fatores Sexuais , Inquéritos e Questionários , Adulto Jovem

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The study examines the prevalence of suicidal ideation and suicide attempt, and associated factors among school-going urban adolescents in Peru. A cross-sectional survey was conducted in a sample of 916 secondary school adolescents in 2014. A structured questionnaire adapted from Global School-based Student Health Survey was used to obtain information. Data were analyzed using logistic regression models at 5% level of significance. Overall, 26.3% reported having suicidal ideation, and 17.5% reported having attempted suicide during the past 12 months. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that female sex, being in a fight, being insulted, being attacked, perceived unhappiness, smoking and sexual intercourse initiation were significantly associated with increased risk of suicidal ideation, while female sex, being in a fight, being insulted, being attacked, perceived unhappiness, alcohol and illicit drug use were related to suicide attempt. The prevalence of suicidal ideation and suicide attempts observed in the survey area is relatively high. Female adolescents are particularly vulnerable to report suicidal ideation and suicide attempt. Interventions that address the issue of violence against adolescents, fighting with peers, health risk behaviors particularly initiation of smoking, alcohol and illicit drug use and encourage supportive role of parents may reduce the risk of suicidal behaviors.

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Ideação Suicida , Tentativa de Suicídio/estatística & dados numéricos , Adolescente , Estudos Transversais , Emoções , Feminino , Inquéritos Epidemiológicos , Humanos , Modelos Logísticos , Masculino , Peru/epidemiologia , Prevalência , Fatores de Risco , Assunção de Riscos , Instituições Acadêmicas , Fumar/epidemiologia , Fatores Socioeconômicos , Estudantes/psicologia , Estudantes/estatística & dados numéricos , Tentativa de Suicídio/psicologia , Inquéritos e Questionários , População Urbana/estatística & dados numéricos , Violência/estatística & dados numéricos

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Adolescent obesity and hypertension are global public health issues. The burden of adolescent obesity and hypertension in Peru is unclear. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of obesity and hypertension and their relationship among school-attending adolescents and to assess the need for health-promoting school programs in the study area. METHODS: A cross-sectional school-based survey was conducted in a randomly selected sample of 952 secondary school adolescents from 11 schools in Lima or Callao, Peru, in 2014. Weight, height, and blood pressure (BP) were measured and categorized. Obesity was defined as ≥ 95(th) percentile in body mass index (BMI) for age and sex. Hypertension was defined as average systolic blood pressure and/or diastolic blood pressure ≥95(th) percentile in BP for sex, age, and height. Chi-square test and univariate logistic regressions were used at a 5% significance level to determine the relationship between BMI and BP category. RESULTS: The mean age of subjects was 14.6 years; 46.4% were boys and 53.6% were girls. The prevalence of overweight and obesity was 20.2% and 9.5% overall, 17.4% and 11.1% for boys, and 22.5% and 8.0% for girls, respectively. The prevalence of hypertension was 26.7% overall, 34.8% for boys, and 19.6% for girls. In both sexes, BMI was strongly associated with BP (p < 0.01). CONCLUSION: The prevalence of obesity and hypertension observed in the study area is relatively high. Overweight and obesity are strongly associated with BP status among adolescents. Health-promoting school programs may reduce the burdens of obesity and hypertension among school-going adolescents.