RESUMO
One of the most serious problems worldwide is heavy metal (HM) pollution. HMs can have a toxic effect on human health and thus cause serious diseases. To date, several methods have been used to clean environments contaminated by HMs, but most of them are expensive, and it is difficult to achieve the desired result. Phytoremediation is currently an effective and affordable processing solution used to clean and remove HMs from the environment. This review article discusses in detail the technology of phytoremediation and mechanisms of HM absorption. In addition, methods are described using genetic engineering of various plants to enhance the resistance and accumulation of HMs. Thus, phytoremediation technology can become an additional aid to traditional methods of purification.
Assuntos
Biodegradação Ambiental , Humanos , CazaquistãoRESUMO
One of the most serious problems worldwide is heavy metal (HM) pollution. HMs can have a toxic effect on human health and thus cause serious diseases. To date, several methods have been used to clean environments contaminated by HMs, but most of them are expensive, and it is difficult to achieve the desired result. Phytoremediation is currently an effective and affordable processing solution used to clean and remove HMs from the environment. This review article discusses in detail the technology of phytoremediation and mechanisms of HM absorption. In addition, methods are described using genetic engineering of various plants to enhance the resistance and accumulation of HMs. Thus, phytoremediation technology can become an additional aid to traditional methods of purification.
Um dos problemas mais graves em todo o mundo é a poluição por metais pesados (HMs). Os HMs podem ter um efeito tóxico na saúde humana e, assim, causar doenças graves. Até o momento, vários métodos têm sido utilizados para limpar ambientes contaminados por HMs, mas a maioria deles é cara, sendo difícil alcançar o resultado desejado. A fitorremediação é, atualmente, uma solução de processamento eficaz e acessível usada para limpar e remover HMs do ambiente. Este artigo de revisão discute em detalhes a tecnologia de fitorremediação e os mecanismos de absorção de HMs. Além disso, são descritos métodos que utilizam a engenharia genética de várias plantas para aumentar a resistência e o acúmulo de HMs. Assim, a tecnologia de fitorremediação pode se tornar uma ajuda adicional aos métodos tradicionais de purificação.