RESUMO
The Brazilian Northeast region has considerable agricultural potential for corn and cashew nuts production. Residues from these cultures can be densified into pellets and used as heat generators in industries and homes. In this study, corn straw pellets (CSP) and cashew nut shells pellets (CNSP) were handmade, together with a variation using glycerol as a binder (CSGP and CNSGP). All pellets were subjected to chemical, thermal and exhaust gas analyses of their combustion. All analyses were based on two different scenarios: (i) the use of CSP and CSGP for energy supply in residential use and (ii) the use of CNSP and CNSGP for energy supply in industrial use. All pellets were subjected to chemical, thermal and exhaust gas analyses of their combustion. Chemical analysis involved the study of various fuel properties, comprehending moisture content (%U), bulk density (kg m-3), volatile materials (%V), ash content (%C) and fixed carbon (%FC), and all evaluated pellets met two or more international trading standards. The combustion process analyses in the residential scenario showed higher average temperatures and lower carbon monoxide (CO) and nitrogen oxide (NOx) concentrations obtained during CSP combustion than those of CSGP, and in the industrial scenario showed average similar temperatures and lower CO and NOx concentrations obtained during CNSP combustion than those of CNSGP. Ours results demonstrate the great potential of corn straw and cashew nut shells as crops to be integrated into the biomass supply chain for energy generation and agro-ecological development.
Assuntos
Anacardium , Zea mays , Zea mays/química , Nozes/química , Temperatura , Óxidos de Nitrogênio/análise , Óxido Nítrico , BiomassaRESUMO
Aerobic exercise is an increasing trend worldwide. However, people are increasingly exercising outdoors, alongside roadways where heavy vehicles release diesel exhaust. We analyzed respiratory effects caused by inhaled diesel particulate emitted by vehicles adhering to Brazilian legislation, PROCONVE Phase P7 (equivalent to EURO 5), as well the effects of exposure during moderate-intensity aerobic exercise. Male C57BL/6 mice were divided into four groups for a 4-wk treadmill protocol: CE (n = 8) received intranasal sterile physiological saline and then performed moderate-intensity exercise (control), CS (n = 10) received saline and then remained stationary on the treadmill (control), DS (n = 9) received intranasal diesel exhaust particles and then remained stationary, and DE (n = 10) was exposed to diesel exhaust and then exercised at moderate intensity. Mice were subsequently connected to a mechanical ventilator (SCIREQ flexiVent, Canada) to analyze the following respiratory mechanics parameters: tissue resistance, elastance, inspiratory capacity, static compliance, Newtonian resistance, and pressure-volume loop area. After euthanasia, peripheral pulmonary tissue strips were extracted and subjected to force-length tests to evaluate parenchymal elastic and mechanical properties, using oscillations applied by a computer-controlled force transducer system; parameters obtained were tissue resistance, elastance, and hysteresivity. DS displayed impaired respiratory mechanics for all parameters, in comparison with CS. DE exhibited significantly reduced inspiratory capacity and static compliance, and increased Newtonian resistance when compared with CE. Exposure to diesel exhaust, both during exercise and rest, still exerts harmful pulmonary effects, even at current legislation limits. These results justify further changes in environmental standards, to reduce the health risks caused by traffic-related pollution.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Exercise, while beneficial, is often performed in areas of greater inhaled particulates. Here we show this effect using mice exposed to controlled diesel particle inhalation and moderate aerobic exercise. Diesel particle inhalation, without or with exercise, worsened both respiratory mechanical properties associated with changes in lung tissue mechanics and morphometry.
Assuntos
Pulmão , Emissões de Veículos , Animais , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Humanos , Masculino , Camundongos , Camundongos Endogâmicos C57BL , Testes de Função Respiratória , Emissões de Veículos/toxicidadeRESUMO
AIM: We aimed to evaluate whether the streptozotocin-induced diabetic model can generate lung functional, histological and biochemical impairments and whether moderate exercise can prevent these changes. METHODS: Wistar rats were assigned to control (CTRL), exercise (EXE), diabetic (D) and diabetic with exercise (D+EXE) groups. We used the n5-STZ model of diabetes mellitus triggered by a single injection of streptozotocin (STZ, 120 mg/kg b.w., i.p.) in newborn rats on their 5th day of life. EXE and D+EXE rats were trained by running on a motorized treadmill, 5 days a week for 9 weeks. Blood glucose, body weight, food intake, exercise capacity, lung mechanics, morphology, and antioxidant enzymatic activity were analysed. RESULTS: On the 14th week of life, diabetic rats exhibited a significant impairment in post-prandial glycaemia, glucose tolerance, body weight, food intake, lung function (tissue viscance, elastance, Newtonian resistance and hysteresis), morphological parameters, redox balance and exercise capacity. Physical training completely prevented the diabetes-induced alterations, except for those on fasting blood glucose, which nevertheless remained stable. CONCLUSIONS: Mild diabetes in n5-STZ-treated rats jeopardized pulmonary mechanics, morphology and redox balance, which confirms the occurrence of diabetes-induced pneumopathy. Moreover, moderate exercise completely prevented all diabetes-induced respiratory alterations.
Assuntos
Diabetes Mellitus Experimental , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2 , Condicionamento Físico Animal , Animais , Glicemia , Pulmão , Ratos , Ratos Wistar , EstreptozocinaRESUMO
The acute respiratory distress syndrome caused by viral pathogens is a worldwide public health emergency. It is suggested that patients with this condition should be screened using therapies that address the need to prevent mortality. Anacardic acids found in Anacardium species have biological activities related to the antioxidant capacity of their double bonds in the lateral alkyl chain. The present study seeks to investigate the effects of anacardic acid monoene on acute respiratory distress syndrome caused by lipopolysaccharides. Experiments were carried out on mice divided into three groups: control group, acute respiratory distress-induced group, and anacardic acid monoene pretreated group, subsequently, induced to acute respiratory distress by lipopolysaccharides. Results showed that anacardic acid moeno was able to prevent changes in lung function and preserve its mechanical properties from containing inflammatory cell infiltrate, collapse of alveoli, and decreased airway resistance, suggesting that this compound may be effective in preventing the acute respiratory distress syndrome caused by viral pathogens. Supplementary Information: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s43450-021-00151-8.
RESUMO
We aimed at evaluating the anti-asthmatic effect of cis-[Ru(bpy)2(2-MIM)(NO)](PF6)3 (FOR811A), a nitrosyl-ruthenium compound, in a murine model of allergic asthma. The anti-asthmatic effects were analyzed by measuring the mechanical lung and morphometrical parameters in female Swiss mice allocated in the following groups: untreated control (Ctl+Sal) and control treated with FOR811A (Ctl+FOR), along asthmatic groups untreated (Ast+Sal) and treated with FOR811A (Ast+FOR). The drug-protein interaction was evaluated by in-silico assay using molecular docking. The results showed that the use of FOR811A in experimental asthma (Ast+FOR) decreased the pressure-volume curve, hysteresis, tissue elastance, tissue resistance, and airway resistance, similar to the control groups (Ctl+Sal; Ctl+FOR). However, it differed from the untreated asthmatic group (Ast+Sal, p<0.05), indicating that FOR811A corrected the lung parenchyma and relaxed the smooth muscles of the bronchi. Similar to control groups (Ctl+Sal; Ctl+FOR), FOR811A increased the inspiratory capacity and static compliance in asthmatic animals (Ast+Sal, p<0.05), showing that this metallodrug improved the capacity of inspiration during asthma. The morphometric parameters showed that FOR811A decreased the alveolar collapse and kept the bronchoconstriction during asthma. Beyond that, the molecular docking using FOR811A showed a strong interaction in the distal portion of the heme group of the soluble guanylate cyclase, particularly with cysteine residue (Cys141). In summary, FOR811A relaxed bronchial smooth muscles and improved respiratory mechanics during asthma, providing a protective effect and promising use for the development of an anti-asthmatic drug.
Assuntos
Antiasmáticos , Asma , Doadores de Óxido Nítrico , Compostos Organometálicos , Mecânica Respiratória/efeitos dos fármacos , Rutênio , Animais , Antiasmáticos/química , Antiasmáticos/farmacologia , Asma/tratamento farmacológico , Asma/fisiopatologia , Feminino , Camundongos , Doadores de Óxido Nítrico/química , Doadores de Óxido Nítrico/farmacologia , Compostos Organometálicos/química , Compostos Organometálicos/farmacologia , Rutênio/química , Rutênio/farmacologiaRESUMO
Currently, to reduce the use of nonrenewable energy sources in energy matrices, some industries have already incorporated biomass as a source of energy for their processes. Additionally, filters are used in an attempt to retain the particulate matter present in exhaust gases. In this work, the emission gases of a cashew nut shell (CNS) combustion reactor and the deleterious effects on the respiratory system of mice exposed to gaseous fraction present in CNS emissions (GF-CNS) are analyzed. The system for CNS combustion is composed of a cylindrical stainless steel burner, and exhaust gases generated by CNS combustion were directed through a chimney to a system containing two glass fiber filters to retain all the PM present in the CNS exhaust and, posteriorly, were directed to a mice exposure chamber. The results show changes in the variables of respiratory system mechanics (G, H, CST, IC, and PV loop area) in oxidative stress (SOD, CAT, and NO2-), as well as in the histopathological analysis and lung morphometry (alveolar collapse, PMN cells, mean alveolar diameter, and BCI). Through our results, it has been demonstrated that even with the use of filters by industries for particulate material retention, special attention should still be given to the gaseous fraction that is released into the environment.
Assuntos
Poluentes Atmosféricos/análise , Anacardium , Lesão Pulmonar , Animais , Biomassa , Gases/análise , Camundongos , Nozes/química , Material Particulado/análise , Emissões de Veículos/análiseRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: Croton zehntneri Pax et Hoffm. is a Euphorbiaceae species, popularly known as "canela de cunhã," a native plant of northeastern Brazil, whose essential oil (EOCZ) shows relatively specific myorelaxant action for the smooth muscle of the airways and in the respiratory tract. Based on this information, EOCZ figures as a candidate for testing in the treatment of asthma, and the present study investigated the benefits of using EOCZ in an ovalbumin-induced asthma model. METHODS: 48 male BALB/c mice were divided into six groups (n = 8). In the ST, SO100, and SO300 groups, mice were sensitized and challenged with saline, and then treated with 200 µL of 0.1% Tween 80, 100 mg/kg EOCZ and 300 mg/kg EOCZ, respectively. In the OT, OO100, and OO300 groups, mice were sensitized and challenged with OVA, and then treated with 200 µL of 0.1% Tween 80, 100 mg/kg EOCZ and 300 mg/kg EOCZ, respectively. RESULTS: Our results demonstrated significant changes in all respiratory mechanics variables analyzed between the OO300 and OT groups demonstrating the effectiveness of EOCZ to attenuate the OVA-induced lung injury. In addition, the use of EOCZ at a dose of 300 mg/kg showed an antioxidant effect and decreased inflammatory cells in the pulmonary parenchyma. In conclusion, our results demonstrated that EOCZ was able to improve the lesion in the respiratory system of mice subjected to OVA-induced asthma. CONCLUSIONS: The antioxidant action of EOCZ was likely the main mechanism of action in the reversal of this lesion, so more tests should be performed for its confirmation.
Assuntos
Asma/tratamento farmacológico , Croton , Lesão Pulmonar/tratamento farmacológico , Óleos Voláteis/farmacologia , Mecânica Respiratória/efeitos dos fármacos , Animais , Asma/induzido quimicamente , Asma/patologia , Brasil , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Relação Dose-Resposta a Droga , Humanos , Pulmão/efeitos dos fármacos , Pulmão/patologia , Lesão Pulmonar/induzido quimicamente , Lesão Pulmonar/patologia , Masculino , Cloreto de Metacolina/farmacologia , Camundongos , Camundongos Endogâmicos BALB C , Ovalbumina/farmacologia , Fitoterapia , Folhas de PlantaRESUMO
Air pollution is a topic discussed all over the world and the search for alternatives to reduce it is of great interest to many researchers. The use of alternative energy sources and biofuels seems to be the environmentally safer solution. In this work, the deleterious effects on the respiratory system of mice exposed to PM4.0 or TSP, present in exhaust gases from the combustion of CNS were investigated, through data from respiratory system mechanics, oxidative stress, histopathology and morphometry of the parenchyma pulmonary. The results show changes in all variables of respiratory system mechanics, in oxidative stress, the histopathological analysis and lung morphometry. The results provide experimental support for epidemiological observations of association between effects on the respiratory system and exposure to PM4.0 or TSP from CNS combustion exhaust gases, even at acute exposure. It can serve as a basis for regulation or adjustment of environmental laws that control the emissions of these gases.
Assuntos
Poluentes Atmosféricos/efeitos adversos , Pulmão/patologia , Sistema Respiratório/efeitos dos fármacos , Fumaça/efeitos adversos , Anacardium , Animais , Pulmão/efeitos dos fármacos , Masculino , Camundongos , Estresse Oxidativo , Tamanho da Partícula , Material Particulado/toxicidadeRESUMO
RESUMO A imobilização é uma condição que compromete diversos segmentos e sistemas orgânicos, inclusive o sistema respiratório, levando a alterações estruturais e funcionais. O objetivo deste estudo foi analisar a função pulmonar e estrutura micromecânica após 14 dias de restrição de movimento de ratas. Foram utilizados catorze ratas Wistar com massa corporal entre 210 g±50 g, distribuídas em dois grupos, compostos por (n=7) cada grupo: Controle (C) e Imobilizado (I). O procedimento de imobilização envolveu abdômen (e últimas costelas), pelve, quadril e joelho em extensão, além de tornozelo em flexão plantar, por duas semanas. Após esse período de imobilização, foi realizada a análise da função pulmonar por ventilador mecânico para pequenos animais (flexiVent) e manobras de recrutamento alveolar (MR). E, posteriormente, foram retiradas tiras do pulmão de cada animal para analisar a micromecânica pulmonar. Para a análise estatística, utilizou-se o teste t não pareado com significância estatística (p<0,05), expresso como média±erro padrão da média. O grupo I apresentou mudanças significantes nos parâmetros da resistência das vias aéreas (RN) pré-MR(C=0,067±0,003 cmH2O.s/mL, I=0,095±0,004 cmH2O.s/mL, p<0,05) e histerisividade (η) pré-MR(C=0,203±0,004 cmH2O.s/mL, I=0,248±0,013 cmH2O.s/mL, p<0,05), que retornaram a seus valores de normalidade pós-MR, considerando-se RN pós-MR (C=0,064±0,003 cmH2O.s/mL, I=0,065±0,004 cmH2O.s/mL, p<0,05) e η (C=0,209±0,005 cmH2O.s/mL, I=0,214±0,007 cmH2O.s/mL, p<0,05). Conclui-se que a imobilização acarreta alterações funcionais reversíveis no sistema respiratório após 14 dias de restrição de movimento, o que é evidenciado pela redução de RN e η pós-MR.
RESUMEN La inmobilización es una condición que compromete diversos segmentos y sistemas orgánicos incluso el sistema respiratorio, llevando a alteraciones estructurales y funcionales. El objectivo de este estudio fue analizar la función pulmonar y estructura micromecánica después de 14 días de restricción en el movimiento de ratas. Fueron utilizados catorce ratas Wistar con masa corporal entre 210 g±50 g, distribuidas en dos grupos, compuestos por (n=7) cada grupo: Control (C) y Inmobilizado (I). El procedimiento de inmobilización envolvió el abdomen (y últimas costillas), la pelvis, la cadera y la rodilla en extensión y el tobillo en flexión plantar el periodo de dos semanas. Después del periodo de inmobilización fue realizado el análisis de la función pulmonar por medio del ventilador mecánico para pequeños animales flexVent y manobras de recrutamiento alveolar (MR). Posteriormente, fueron retirados pedazos del pulmón de cada animal para análisis de la micromecánica pulmonar. Para el análisis estadística se utilizó la prueba t no pareada con significación estadística (p<0,05), expresa como media±error patrón de la media. El grupo I presentó cambios significativos en los parámetros de la resistencia de las vias aéreas (RN) pre-MR (C=0,067±0,003 cmH2O.s/mL, I=0,095±0,004 cmH2O.s/mL, p<0,05) y histerisividade (η) pre-MR(C=0,203±0,004 cmH2O.s/mL, I=0,248±0,013 cmH2O.s/mL, p<0,05), que retornaron a sus valores de normalidad después de la MR. RN post-MR (C=0,064±0,003 cmH2O.s/mL, I=0,065±0,004 cmH2O.s/mL, p<0,05) y η (C=0,209±0,005 cmH2O.s/mL, I=0,214±0,007 cmH2O.s/mL, p<0,05). Se concluye que la inmobilización conlleva alteraciones funcionales reversibles en el sistema respiratorio, después de 14 días de restricción en el movimiento evidenciado por la reducción de la RN y η después de la MR.
ABSTRACT Immobilization is a condition that affects several segments and organic systems, including the respiratory system, leading to structural and functional alterations. The purpose of this study was to analyze pulmonary function and micromechanical structure after 14 days of movement restriction in rats. Fourteen female Wistar rats with body mass between 210±50 g were used, divided into two groups, composed of (n=7) each group: Control (C) and Immobilized (I). The immobilization procedure involved the abdomen (and last ribs), pelvis, hip and knee extension and the ankle in plantar flexion in the two week period. After the immobilization period, an analysis of the pulmonary function was performed using a mechanical ventilator for small animals, flexVent, and alveolar recruitment maneuvers. Subsequently, lung strips were removed from each animal for pulmonary micromechanics analysis. Statistical analysis was performed using the unpaired t test with p<0.05, expressed as mean±standard error of the mean. Group I presented significant changes in the parameters of airway resistance (Raw) Pre RM (C=0.067±0.003 cmH2O.s/mL, I=0.095±0.004 cmH2O.s/mL, p<0.05) and Hysteresivity (η) Pre RM (C=0.203±0.004 cmH2O.s/mL, I=0.248±0.013 cmH2O.s/mL, p<0.05), which returned to their normal values after RM. Raw Post RM (C=0.064±0.003 cmH2O.s/mL, I=0.065±0.004 cmH2O.s/mL, p<0.05) and η (C=0.209±0.005 cmH2O.s/mL, I=0.214±0.007 cmH2O.s/mL, p<0.05). It is concluded that immobilization causes reversible functional changes in the respiratory system after 14 days of movement restriction evidenced by the reduction of RN and η after RM.
RESUMO
In the search for models that can reproduce human pathophysiological conditions and/or provide the assessment of new drugs, research using animals are growing, resulting in increased demand for animals. Care in the creation and use of such animals are essential, aiming at maintaining animal welfare. Against this backdrop, it is important to have knowledge about the likely environmental impacts that the maintenance of these animals may generate. Thus, this study aimed to model the environmental performance for the maintenance of small animals using the Life Cycle Assessment methodology (LCA). For this there were two simulated physical spaces (SPS), comprising 375 rats and 625 mice. To obtain the results, the steps of an LCA were followed according to the methodology defined by the ISO 14040 standard. Our results demonstrate that in LCA for rats, it is produced about 329 kg of CO2 equivalent and 62.10-3 kg of MP2,5 , and in LCA for mice, it is produced about 87.93 kg of CO2 equivalent and 19.10-3 kg of MP2,5. Several studies correlate high levels of CO2 equivalent and MP2,5 in the atmosphere to cardiorespiratory diseases, demonstrating that the environmental impacts caused by maintenance and laboratory animal disposal are significant. Research with animals is a reality and without them the biomedical sciences in general would not have reached the current progress, however, should follow the principle of the 3Rs (Reduction, Refinement and Replacement). It must consider the environmental impacts that maintaining these animals may generate, reinforcing the idea of responsible use.(AU)
Na busca por modelos que possam reproduzir condições fisiopatológicas humanas e/ou proporcionar a avaliação de novos fármacos, pesquisas que utilizam animais estão em crescimento, acarretando um aumento na demanda por animais. Cuidados na criação e utilização desses animais são imprescindíveis, objetivando a manutenção do bem estar animal. Face a este cenário, torna-se importante ter-se conhecimento acerca dos prováveis impactos ambientais que a manutenção desses animais podem gerar. Desse modo, este trabalho objetivou, modelar o desempenho ambiental para a manutenção de animais de pequeno porte, utilizando a metodologia de Avaliação do Ciclo de Vida (ACV). Para isso, foram criados dois espaços físico simulado (EFS), comportando 375 ratos ou 625 camundongos. Para a obtenção dos resultados, foram seguidas as etapas de uma ACV conforme a metodologia definida pela norma ISO 14040. Nossos resultados demonstram que, na ACV para ratos, produzse cerca de 329 kg de CO2 equivalente e 62.10-3 kg de MP2,5, e para camundongos, produz-se cerca de 87,93 kg de CO2 equivalente e 19.10-3 kg de MP2,5. Vários trabalhos correlacionam níveis elevados de CO2 equivalente e MP2,5 presentes na atmosfera a patologias cardiorrespiratórias, demonstrando que os impactos ambientais gerados pela manutenção e descarte de animais de laboratório são significativos. Pesquisas com animais é uma realidade e sem eles as ciências biomédicas em geral não teriam alcançado o progresso atual, contudo, devem seguir o princípio dos 3Rs (Redução, Refinamento e Substituição). Deve-se considerar os impactos ambientas que a manutenção desses animais pode gerar, reforçando a ideia de sua utilização responsável.(AU)
Assuntos
Animais , Cobaias , Meio Ambiente , Animais de Laboratório , Experimentação Animal , Bem-Estar do Animal , Poluentes AmbientaisRESUMO
In the search for models that can reproduce human pathophysiological conditions and/or provide the assessment of new drugs, research using animals are growing, resulting in increased demand for animals. Care in the creation and use of such animals are essential, aiming at maintaining animal welfare. Against this backdrop, it is important to have knowledge about the likely environmental impacts that the maintenance of these animals may generate. Thus, this study aimed to model the environmental performance for the maintenance of small animals using the Life Cycle Assessment methodology (LCA). For this there were two simulated physical spaces (SPS), comprising 375 rats and 625 mice. To obtain the results, the steps of an LCA were followed according to the methodology defined by the ISO 14040 standard. Our results demonstrate that in LCA for rats, it is produced about 329 kg of CO2 equivalent and 62.10-3 kg of MP2,5 , and in LCA for mice, it is produced about 87.93 kg of CO2 equivalent and 19.10-3 kg of MP2,5. Several studies correlate high levels of CO2 equivalent and MP2,5 in the atmosphere to cardiorespiratory diseases, demonstrating that the environmental impacts caused by maintenance and laboratory animal disposal are significant. Research with animals is a reality and without them the biomedical sciences in general would not have reached the current progress, however, should follow the principle of the 3Rs (Reduction, Refinement and Replacement). It must consider the environmental impacts that maintaining these animals may generate, reinforcing the idea of responsible use.
Na busca por modelos que possam reproduzir condições fisiopatológicas humanas e/ou proporcionar a avaliação de novos fármacos, pesquisas que utilizam animais estão em crescimento, acarretando um aumento na demanda por animais. Cuidados na criação e utilização desses animais são imprescindíveis, objetivando a manutenção do bem estar animal. Face a este cenário, torna-se importante ter-se conhecimento acerca dos prováveis impactos ambientais que a manutenção desses animais podem gerar. Desse modo, este trabalho objetivou, modelar o desempenho ambiental para a manutenção de animais de pequeno porte, utilizando a metodologia de Avaliação do Ciclo de Vida (ACV). Para isso, foram criados dois espaços físico simulado (EFS), comportando 375 ratos ou 625 camundongos. Para a obtenção dos resultados, foram seguidas as etapas de uma ACV conforme a metodologia definida pela norma ISO 14040. Nossos resultados demonstram que, na ACV para ratos, produzse cerca de 329 kg de CO2 equivalente e 62.10-3 kg de MP2,5, e para camundongos, produz-se cerca de 87,93 kg de CO2 equivalente e 19.10-3 kg de MP2,5. Vários trabalhos correlacionam níveis elevados de CO2 equivalente e MP2,5 presentes na atmosfera a patologias cardiorrespiratórias, demonstrando que os impactos ambientais gerados pela manutenção e descarte de animais de laboratório são significativos. Pesquisas com animais é uma realidade e sem eles as ciências biomédicas em geral não teriam alcançado o progresso atual, contudo, devem seguir o princípio dos 3Rs (Redução, Refinamento e Substituição). Deve-se considerar os impactos ambientas que a manutenção desses animais pode gerar, reforçando a ideia de sua utilização responsável.
Assuntos
Animais , Cobaias , Animais de Laboratório , Experimentação Animal , Meio Ambiente , Bem-Estar do Animal , Poluentes AmbientaisRESUMO
Several studies use intubation or tracheostomy for data collection in lung function of rats. Due to the difficulty of performing intubation, tracheostomy is most commonly used. Knowing this difficulty, this paper demonstrates a new way to perform the intubation technique and compares pulmonary function variables obtained using intubation or tracheostomy. For the analysis of our new technique of intubation, 30 rats were used, and the comparative analysis of lung function data obtained through the use of our technique of intubation and tracheostomy, 16 rats were used, divided into two groups. The T group underwent tracheostomy. The IT group underwent initial intubation and, awaiting recovery, a week later was again subjected to intubation group, which was then called IT-1W. Our intubation technique is performed with the aid of a wedge, inclined bed and percutaneous transillumination. No animals died during the intubation procedure, and about 77% of the animals were intubated at the first attempt. We did not obtain statistically significant differences in the pulmonary function variables between the groups. Our intubation technique is easily learned and reproduced. The implications of such a technique can be generalized to all laboratories dealing with intubation of rats.(AU)
Vários estudos utilizam a intubação orotraqueal ou traqueostomia para coleta de dados na função pulmonar de ratos. Devido à dificuldade de realização da intubação, a traqueostomia é mais comumente utilizada. Conhecendo esta dificuldade, este trabalho demonstra uma nova maneira de realizar a técnica de intubação e compara as variáveis de função pulmonar obtidas por intubação ou traqueostomia. Para a análise de nossa nova técnica de intubação, foram utilizados 30 ratos, e para a análise comparativa dos dados da função pulmonar obtidos pelo uso de nossa técnica de intubação e traqueotomia, 16 ratos foram utilizados, divididos em dois grupos. O grupo T foi submetido a traqueostomia. O grupo de IT foi submetido inicialmente a intubação e, esperada sua recuperação, uma semana depois foi novamente submetido a intubação, que foi então chamado de grupo IT-1W. Nossa técnica de intubação é realizada com a ajuda de uma cunha, cama inclinada e transiluminação percutânea. Nenhum animal morreu durante o procedimento de intubação, e cerca de 77% dos animais foram intubados na primeira tentativa. Não foram obtidas diferenças estatisticamente significativas nas variáveis de função pulmonar entre os grupos. Nossa técnica de intubação é facilmente aprendida e reproduzida. As implicações de tal técnica podem ser generalizadas para todos os laboratórios que lidam com a intubação de ratos.(AU)
Assuntos
Animais , Ratos , Intubação/veterinária , Pulmão/fisiologia , Capacidade Pulmonar Total , Traqueostomia/veterinária , Manuseio das Vias Aéreas/veterináriaRESUMO
Several studies use intubation or tracheostomy for data collection in lung function of rats. Due to the difficulty of performing intubation, tracheostomy is most commonly used. Knowing this difficulty, this paper demonstrates a new way to perform the intubation technique and compares pulmonary function variables obtained using intubation or tracheostomy. For the analysis of our new technique of intubation, 30 rats were used, and the comparative analysis of lung function data obtained through the use of our technique of intubation and tracheostomy, 16 rats were used, divided into two groups. The T group underwent tracheostomy. The IT group underwent initial intubation and, awaiting recovery, a week later was again subjected to intubation group, which was then called IT-1W. Our intubation technique is performed with the aid of a wedge, inclined bed and percutaneous transillumination. No animals died during the intubation procedure, and about 77% of the animals were intubated at the first attempt. We did not obtain statistically significant differences in the pulmonary function variables between the groups. Our intubation technique is easily learned and reproduced. The implications of such a technique can be generalized to all laboratories dealing with intubation of rats.(AU)
Vários estudos utilizam a intubação orotraqueal ou traqueostomia para coleta de dados na função pulmonar de ratos. Devido à dificuldade de realização da intubação, a traqueostomia é mais comumente utilizada. Conhecendo esta dificuldade, este trabalho demonstra uma nova maneira de realizar a técnica de intubação e compara as variáveis de função pulmonar obtidas por intubação ou traqueostomia. Para a análise de nossa nova técnica de intubação, foram utilizados 30 ratos, e para a análise comparativa dos dados da função pulmonar obtidos pelo uso de nossa técnica de intubação e traqueotomia, 16 ratos foram utilizados, divididos em dois grupos. O grupo T foi submetido a traqueostomia. O grupo de IT foi submetido inicialmente a intubação e, esperada sua recuperação, uma semana depois foi novamente submetido a intubação, que foi então chamado de grupo IT-1W. Nossa técnica de intubação é realizada com a ajuda de uma cunha, cama inclinada e transiluminação percutânea. Nenhum animal morreu durante o procedimento de intubação, e cerca de 77% dos animais foram intubados na primeira tentativa. Não foram obtidas diferenças estatisticamente significativas nas variáveis de função pulmonar entre os grupos. Nossa técnica de intubação é facilmente aprendida e reproduzida. As implicações de tal técnica podem ser generalizadas para todos os laboratórios que lidam com a intubação de ratos.(AU)
Assuntos
Animais , Ratos , Pulmão/fisiologia , Intubação/veterinária , Capacidade Pulmonar Total , Traqueostomia/veterinária , Manuseio das Vias Aéreas/veterináriaRESUMO
Several studies use intubation or tracheostomy for data collection in lung function of rats. Due to the difficulty of performing intubation, tracheostomy is most commonly used. Knowing this difficulty, this paper demonstrates a new way to perform the intubation technique and compares pulmonary function variables obtained using intubation or tracheostomy. For the analysis of our new technique of intubation, 30 rats were used, and the comparative analysis of lung function data obtained through the use of our technique of intubation and tracheostomy, 16 rats were used, divided into two groups. The T group underwent tracheostomy. The IT group underwent initial intubation and, awaiting recovery, a week later was again subjected to intubation group, which was then called IT-1W. Our intubation technique is performed with the aid of a wedge, inclined bed and percutaneous transillumination. No animals died during the intubation procedure, and about 77% of the animals were intubated at the first attempt. We did not obtain statistically significant differences in the pulmonary function variables between the groups. Our intubation technique is easily learned and reproduced. The implications of such a technique can be generalized to all laboratories dealing with intubation of rats.
Vários estudos utilizam a intubação orotraqueal ou traqueostomia para coleta de dados na função pulmonar de ratos. Devido à dificuldade de realização da intubação, a traqueostomia é mais comumente utilizada. Conhecendo esta dificuldade, este trabalho demonstra uma nova maneira de realizar a técnica de intubação e compara as variáveis de função pulmonar obtidas por intubação ou traqueostomia. Para a análise de nossa nova técnica de intubação, foram utilizados 30 ratos, e para a análise comparativa dos dados da função pulmonar obtidos pelo uso de nossa técnica de intubação e traqueotomia, 16 ratos foram utilizados, divididos em dois grupos. O grupo T foi submetido a traqueostomia. O grupo de IT foi submetido inicialmente a intubação e, esperada sua recuperação, uma semana depois foi novamente submetido a intubação, que foi então chamado de grupo IT-1W. Nossa técnica de intubação é realizada com a ajuda de uma cunha, cama inclinada e transiluminação percutânea. Nenhum animal morreu durante o procedimento de intubação, e cerca de 77% dos animais foram intubados na primeira tentativa. Não foram obtidas diferenças estatisticamente significativas nas variáveis de função pulmonar entre os grupos. Nossa técnica de intubação é facilmente aprendida e reproduzida. As implicações de tal técnica podem ser generalizadas para todos os laboratórios que lidam com a intubação de ratos.