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BACKGROUND: In inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) a high percentage of women are diagnosed during their reproductive age. IBD in remission is the ideal scenario when planning a pregnancy. AIMS: To describe the clinical characteristics of pregnancy/newborn and assess disease activity at the time of conception and throughout the pregnancy in patients with IBD treated at a tertiary centre in Chile. METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed women diagnosed with IBD who were pregnant or delivered between 2017 and 2020. Demographic, clinical, obstetric and delivery data were obtained from the IBD registry, approved by the local IRB. Descriptive statistics and association tests were performed (χ2, p ≤ 0.05). RESULTS: Sixty women with IBD were included. At the beginning of pregnancy, 21 (35%) had active disease and 39 (65%) were in remission. Of those with active disease, 16 (66%) remained active and 6 had spontaneous abortions. In those who were in remission, 26 (69%) remained in this condition. Nine patients (15%) discontinued treatment, and 6 of these had inflammatory activity during pregnancy. Preconception counselling was performed in 23 of the 60 patients, being higher in the group that remained in remission during pregnancy (65% vs. 35%, p = 0.02). Patients who had a flare during pregnancy had more probability of preterm birth (<37 weeks) and newborn with lower weight compared with the group that always remained in remission (89% vs. 74%, p = 0.161) and (2.885 vs 3.370 g; p = 0.0014). CONCLUSION: Remission presents better outcomes in pregnancy and preconception counselling would allow a better IBD control during pregnancy.

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El desarrollo de cualidades específicas en jugadores de rugby seven optimiza su desempeño. El objetivo de este trabajo es la caracterización de las cualidades antropométricas, fisiológicas y funcionales en jugadores profesionales de ese deporte mediante un estudio transversal en catorce seleccionados nacionales de rugby seven. Se rescataron datos demográficos, tácticos, antropométricos (índice de masa corporal (IMC) y composición corporal), fisiológicos (consumo de oxígeno ­VO2­) y funcionales (Running-based Anaerobic Sprint Test (RAST) y saltos verticales (Squat Jump (SJ) y Counter Movement Jump ­CMJ­).Se comparó a los atletas según posición de juego (forwards y backs) con prueba de Mann-Whitney y Fisher y se buscaron asociaciones entre variables demográficas y resultados funcionales con regresión lineal simple y ANOVA (significancia: p<0.05).La media de edad fue 23.5 años (22-29), y la del IMC 26.6 kg/m2 (23.4-33.3), mayor en forwards (p=0.005). El porcentaje de masa grasa corporal fue 17.5% (15.7-21.9), sin diferencias por posición.El VO2 fue mayor en backs (p=0.035). La prueba de saltabilidad no tuvo diferencias en potencia relativa (p=0.807), la potencia máxima mostró una tendencia mayor en forwards (p=0.086).Se evidenció que por cada año de edad la velocidad VO2 máxima disminuyó en 0.14 m/s (p=0.05). Por cada punto de IMC, la velocidad VO2 máxima disminuyó en 0.2 m/s (p=0.007), y el VO2 máximo disminuyó en 1.21 ml/kg/min (p=0.001).Consumir tabaco mostró una tendencia a aumentar en 4 w/kg el índice de fatiga (p=0.094), 21.4% eran fumadores.Una mayor edad e IMC se asocian con peor desempeño funcional en atletas de rugby seven. Los forwards presentaron mayor IMC y menor VO2.Tipo de estudio: Estudio transversal. Nivel de evidencia: III

Developing specific abilities in Rugby Seven players optimizes their game performance.Characterize anthropometric, physiological and functional qualities of Rugby Seven professional athletes.Cross-sectional study, fourteen rugby seven athletes of the national team were recruited. Demographic, tactical and anthropometric data (body mass index (BMI) and composition) were obtained. The following outcomes were evaluated: physiological parameters (oxygen consumption ­VO2­) and functional parameters (Running-based Anaerobic Sprint Test, vertical jumps (Single Squat Jump-Counter Movement Jump ­CMJ­).Athletes were grouped according to their game position (forwards and backs) for comparison (Mann-Whitney and Fisher's test).A simple linear regression and ANOVA were used to establish association between demographic variables and functional outcomes (significance: p<0.05; suggestion: p<0.1).Median age was 23.5 years (22-29), and median BMI was 26.6 kg/m2 (23.4-33.3), higher in forwards (p=0.005). KERR fat was 17.5% (15.7-21.9), without difference according to game position.Maximum oxygen consumption (VO2 max) was 54.8 ml/kg/min (48.2-61), higher in backs (p=0.035). Jumping tests showed no difference in the relative power (p=0.807), muscular peak power showed a tendency to be higher in forwards (p=0.086).For each year of age increased, the VO2 max speed decreased in 0.14 m/s (p=0.05). For each BMI point increased, the VO2 max speed decreased in 0.2 m/s (p=0.007), and the VO2 max decreased in 1.21 ml/kg/min (p=0.001). Smoking showed a tendency to increase the fatigue index in 4 w/kg (p=0.094); 21.4% were smokers.Older age and BMI are associated with poorer functional performance in these athletes. Forwards show higher percentage of BMI and lower VO2. Type of study: Cross-sectional study. Level of evidence: III

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Para desarrollar estrategias preventivas e interceptivas en ortodoncia es necesario conocer la prevalencia de maloclusiones de la población en la cual se pretenden instaurar estas medidas. El objetivo de este estudio fue determinar la prevalencia de maloclusiones en escolares de 6 y 12 años de las localidades de Choshuenco y Neltume en el año 2015 pertenecientes a la comuna de Panguipulli, Chile. Se realizó un estudio observacional descriptivo de carácter censal. La muestra total fue de 91 niños y adolescentes matriculados en establecimientos educacionales de las localidades de Choshuenco y Neltume. Se realizó un examen clínico visual para determinar el número de maloclusiones por individuo de acuerdo al método de Björk et al. (1964). Para el análisis de los datos se realizó estadística descriptiva utilizando el programa Excel. Se encontró una prevalencia de maloclusiones de un 60 % escolares de 6 años y de un 91.3% en escolares de 12 años. Los datos de prevalencia superan lo reportado a nivel nacional por lo que es necesario reforzar las medidas promocionales en la población y potenciar el accionar preventivo ­ interceptivo que se desarrolla en estas localidades.

To develop preventive and interceptive strategies in orthodontics is necessary to know the prevalence of malocclusion of the population in which is intended to introduce these measures. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of malocclusion in schoolchildren of 6 and 12 year-old from Choshuenco and Neltume 2015, belonging to the commune of Panguipulli, Chile. A descriptive study of census was conducted. The total sample was 91 children and adolescents enrolled in educational institutions in the towns of Choshuenco and Neltume. A visual clinical examination was performed to determine the number of individual malocclusions according to the method of Björk et al. (1964). For data analysis descriptive statistic was performed using Excel program. Prevalence of malocclusions was 60 percent at 6 years and 91.3 percent at 12 years. Prevalence data exceed those reported nationwide so it is necessary to reinforce promotional measures in the population and promote preventive - interceptive actions taking place in these locations.

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OBJECTIVES: This study compared three parasitological methods applied simultaneously in individuals with untreated chronic Chagas' disease in order to determine their individual and combined performances. METHODS: From a total of 100 chronic chagasic patients from endemic areas of Chile, with informed consent, we extracted 2 mL of peripheral venous blood for PCR (PCR-B) and applied two xenodiagnosis (XD) boxes with seven uninfected Triatoma infestans nymphs each for microscopic examination and PCR of faecal samples of the triatomines fed on each patient (PCR-XD). The PCR-B and PCR-XD reactions were performed with oligonucleotides 121 and 122, which anneal to the four constant regions of the minicircles of Trypanosoma cruzi kinetoplasts. The 330 bp PCR product was analysed by electrophoresis in a 2% agarose gel and visualized by staining with ethidium bromide. RESULTS: PCR-B detected T. cruzi in 58% of the cases, while PCR-XD proved to be more sensitive than XD (67% versus 14%, respectively) (P = 0.0001). There was no difference between the detection power of PCR-B and PCR-XD (P = 0.222). The percentage detected as positive was much greater when the three tests were considered (84%) (P = 0.00001). CONCLUSIONS: The simultaneous application of more than one technique for the parasitological diagnosis of Chagas' disease in untreated individuals increases the possibility of detection of T. cruzi.

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Se presenta la segunda parte de una revisión resumida de los diferentes tumores fetales, haciendo énfasis en su diagnóstico prenatal y posibles tratamientos intrauterinos. En esta segunda parte se analizan los tumores torácicos, abdominales y misceláneos.

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