RESUMO
To extend previous work showing that the risk of AIDS (acquired immunodeficiency syndrome) is higher in US Hispanics than in Whites who are not Hispanic, we compared US residents born in different Latin American countries. We computed the cumulative incidence (CI) of AIDS and the distribution of cases by mode of exposure. Cases were those reported to the Centers for Disease Control between June 1, 1981 and December 12, 1988, and populations specific for birthplace were from the 1980 census. The reference group was the White population that was not Hispanic, CI 25.7/100,000. We estimated a similar rate in Mexican-born persons (25.3/100,000). In the South and West, the rate in Mexican-born Hispanics was half the reference rate. In each US region, the CI of AIDS in heterosexual intravenous drug abusers (IVDAs) in Puerto Rican-born persons was several times greater than that in other Latin American-born persons. Puerto Rican-born persons were the only Latin American-born persons in whom most cases were in heterosexual IVDAs. The data suggest that resources for preventing AIDS in Hispanics are needed most in those of Puerto Rican ethnicity for AIDS related to intravenous drug abuse.
Assuntos
Síndrome da Imunodeficiência Adquirida/etnologia , Hispânico ou Latino , Síndrome da Imunodeficiência Adquirida/epidemiologia , Síndrome da Imunodeficiência Adquirida/etiologia , Síndrome da Imunodeficiência Adquirida/prevenção & controle , Bissexualidade , Homossexualidade , Humanos , Injeções Intravenosas , Porto Rico/etnologia , Fatores de Risco , Transtornos Relacionados ao Uso de Substâncias/complicações , Estados Unidos , População BrancaRESUMO
Homosexual and heterosexual patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome were compared by risk group. Race; diagnoses; history of sexually transmitted diseases, sexual behavior, and drug use; and socioeconomic indicators differed considerably among risk groups, suggesting different risk factors for acquisition of the syndrome. Patients in the homosexual, intravenous drug user, and Haitian risk groups differed in their serologic response to cytomegalovirus and syphilis testing, presumably due to lifestyle-related exposures. Differences in the rate of recovery of cytomegalovirus, serum levels of IgA and IgG, and antibody titers to Epstein-Barr virus were noted among patients with different diagnoses. We conclude that in studies of risk factors for the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, patients should be analyzed by risk group and diagnoses.
Assuntos
Síndrome da Imunodeficiência Adquirida/etiologia , Homossexualidade , Síndrome da Imunodeficiência Adquirida/imunologia , Adolescente , Adulto , Métodos Epidemiológicos , Feminino , Haiti/etnologia , Hepatite A/complicações , Hepatite B/complicações , Infecções por Herpesviridae/complicações , Humanos , Imunoglobulina A/análise , Imunoglobulina G/análise , Injeções Intravenosas , Entrevistas como Assunto , Masculino , Risco , Transtornos Relacionados ao Uso de Substâncias/complicações , Sífilis/complicaçõesRESUMO
Between June 1981 and February 1983, the Centers for Disease Control (Atlanta) received reports of 1,000 patients living in the United States who met a surveillance definition for the acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS). Seventy-three percent of these patients were diagnosed after January 1, 1982. The 1,000 patients included 284 with Kaposi's sarcoma (KS), 497 with Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (PCP), 83 with KS and PCP, and 136 with opportunistic infections other than PCP. The overall mortality has been 39.2%. Cases have been reported from 32 states and the District of Columbia; New York, California, New Jersey, and Florida account for 82.7% of the reports. All but 61 of the patients could be classified into one or more of the following groups: homosexual or bisexual men, intravenous drug abusers, Haitian natives, or patients with hemophilia. Epidemiologic trends in AIDS cases are consistent with the gradual extension of an infectious agent into new populations.