RESUMO

Background: This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to assess the impact of inspiratory muscle training (IMT) on lung function parameters (MIP, MEP, FEV1, and FVC) between both elite and non-elite swimmers. Methods: We searched for controlled clinical trials (CCT) and prospective longitudinal studies (PLS) in elite and non-elite swimmers following an inspiratory muscle training (IMT) protocol with a standardized device, published between 2012 and 2023. The databases used in the search were PubMed, Science Direct, Scopus, Springer, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, and Google Scholar. The primary outcome assessed was the impact of IMT on lung function parameters, including MIP, MEP, FEV1, and FVC. Results: We selected 13 articles involving 277 subjects aged 11-21 years, with 61.4% being male, and 84.6% being elite swimmers. The most commonly used IMT device was the PowerBreathe®, prescribed for 3-12 weeks, 1-2 sessions per day, 3-6 times per week, with 30 repetitions, starting at 50% of MIP and progressing up to 80%. The meta-analysis showed that IMT was associated with a higher MIP (MD = 29.35 cmH2O, 95% CI: 13.04-45.65 cmH2O, p < 0.01) without affecting FEV1 and FVC. Conclusion: The swimmers that used IMT improved muscle strength, specifically MIP, without changes in MEP, FEV1, and FVC.

RESUMO

El ejercicio sigue siendo una intervención necesaria para la pérdida y mantenimiento del peso en pacientes postquirúrgicos de cirugía bariátrica. Sin embargo, los principios básicos de su prescripción luego de este tipo de intervenciones son aún controversiales en la literatura. En este contexto, el objetivo de este estudio fue describir los principales componentes de la prescripción del ejercicio en pacientes postquirúrgicos de cirugía bariátrica y sus beneficios asociados. Se realizó una revisión exploratoria usando las bases de datos Pubmed, PEDro, Springer, Science Direct, y Scielo. Se utilizó un algoritmo de búsqueda con los términos clave "cirugía bariátrica", "obesidad", "ejercicio", "post-quirúrgico", "prescripción del ejercicio" y "actividad física", en inglés y español. Fueron incluidos ensayos clínicos y estudios observacionales publicados entre 2010-2020, donde hubo prescripción del ejercicio posterior a cirugía bariátrica. Un total de 13 estudios fueron analizados. Los parámetros recomendados incluyeron la frecuencia de 3 a 5 veces por semana, intensidad aeróbica entre el 60-85% de la FCmáx o 60-70% de VO2máx, intensidad anaeróbica entre el 60-85% de 1 repetición máxima (1RM), y duración entre 12 y 18 semanas. El ejercicio es una herramienta importante para mantener y reducir el peso, atenuar el sedentarismo y mejorar la calidad de vida en paciente postquirúrgicos de cirugía bariátrica con resultados seguros y eficaces siempre y cuando se garanticen los niveles de intensidad, frecuencia, duración, tipo y progresión sugeridos.

Exercise remains a necessary intervention for weight loss and weight maintenance in post-bariatric surgery patients. However, the basic principles of its prescription after this type of interventions are still controversial in the literature. In this context, our objective was to describe the main components of exercise prescription in post-bariatric surgery patients and its associated benefits. A scoping review was carried out using the Pubmed, PEDro, Springer, Science Direct, and Scielo databases. A search algorithm was used with the terms "bariatric surgery", "obesity", "exercise", "post-surgical", "exercise prescription" and "physical activity", in English and Spanish. Clinical trials and observational studies published between 2010-2020, where there was exercise prescription after bariatric surgery, were included. A total of13 studies were analyzed. The recommended parameters included frequency 3 to 5 times per week, aerobic intensity between 60-85% of HRmax or 60-70% of VO2max, anaerobic intensity between 60-85% of 1 repetition maximum (1RM), and duration period between 12 and 18 weeks. Exercise is an important tool to maintain and reduce weight, attenuate sedentary lifestyle and improve quality of life in post-bariatric surgery patients with safe and effective results as long as the suggested levels of intensity, frequency, duration, type and progression are guaranteed.

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Differences in adolescents and adults by sex in blood levels of leptin and adiposity have been described; however, it is not yet clear if these differences arise from the prepubertal stage in subjects with a normal-weight. Therefore, we examine whether there are differences by sex in levels of blood leptin and adiposity in children with a normal-weight between 0 and 10 years old. METHODS: Search strategy: eligible studies were obtained from three electronic databases (Ovid, Embase and LILACS) and contact with experts. SELECTION CRITERIA: healthy children up to 10 years of age with normal-weight according to age. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSES: data were extracted by four independent reviewers using a predesigned data collection form. For the analysis, we stratified according to age groups (newborns, 0.25-0.5 years, 3-5.9 years, 6-7.9 years, 8-10 years). The statistical analysis was performed in the R program. RESULTS: Of the initially identified 13,712 records, 21 were selected in the systematic review and meta-analysis. The sex was associated with the overall effect on blood leptin (pooled MD = 1.72 ng/mL, 95% CI: 1.25-2.19) and body fat percentage (pooled MD = 3.43%, 95% CI: 2.53-4.33), being both higher in girls. This finding was consistent in the majority of age groups. CONCLUSION: The results of our meta-analyses support the sexual dimorphism in circulating blood leptin and body fat percentage between girls and boys with normal-weight from prepuberty.

Assuntos

RESUMO

In the COVID-19 outbreak we are living currently, the lung ultrasound can be considered as an advantageous tool to examine patients as it can be easily used by a maximum of two trained operators, at the bedside. Likewise, the Electrical impedance tomography is useful to monitor and optimize the patient's ventilation strategies in real time. Here, we present the impact and implication of ultrasonography and electrical impedance as management tools for treating critical patients in times of COVID-19. Clinical Ultrasound has been used more and more in developing countries in Latin America such as Colombia, Argentina, and Uruguay among others, however it is still underutilized due to different issues amongst we found the absence of equipment or the lack of basic training from the medical staff and poor skills to use the machines despite their availability. The use of lung ultrasound and the Electrical impedance tomography is highlighted as a safe manner to manage COVID-19 patients, not as a replacement of a CT scan, but as an easy-to-use and fast complementary tool.

En la pandemia de COVID-19 que se vive actualmente, la ultrasonografía pulmonar puede considerarse como una herramienta ventajosa para examinar a los pacientes, ya que puede ser utilizada fácilmente al pie de cama por un máximo de dos operadores capacitados. Asimismo, la tomografía de impedancia eléctrica es útil para monitorizar y optimizar las estrategias de ventilación del paciente en tiempo real. Aquí se presenta el impacto y la implicación de la ecografía y la impedancia eléctrica como herramientas de manejo para el tratamiento de pacientes críticos en tiempos de COVID-19. El ultrasonido clínico se ha utilizado cada vez más en países en vías de desarrollo de América Latina como Colombia, Argentina y Uruguay entre otros, sin embargo, aún está infrautilizado debido a diferentes cuestiones entre las que encontramos la ausencia de equipos o la falta de formación básica del personal médico y la poca habilidad para usar las máquinas a pesar de su disponibilidad. Se destaca el uso de la ultrasonografía pulmonar y la tomografía de impedancia eléctrica como una forma segura de manejar a los pacientes con COVID-19, no como un reemplazo de una tomografía computarizada, sino como una herramienta complementaria rápida y fácil de usar.

Assuntos

RESUMO

RESUMEN Objetivos: Diseñar un dispositivo terapéutico para la rehabilitación física en el ámbito hospitalario. Materiales y métodos: Estudio de diseño tecnológico, en cuatro fases que comprendieron búsqueda de la literatura, selección de materiales, diseño y desarrollo del modelo terapéuti co entre el período julio - diciembre de 2017. Resultados: Como resultado se diseñó el modelo terapéutico, basado en la experiencia pe dagógica y tecnología de rehabilitación. Conclusiones: En conclusión, el diseño del modelo terapéutico facilita el trabajo de funcio nalidad, fuerza muscular, capacidad aérobica y elasticidad muscular con ejercicios adapta dos para el ámbito hospitalario.

ABSTRACT Objectives: The objective of the study was to create a therapeutic model for physical reha bilitation in the hospital setting. Materials and methods: A technological design study was carried out, in four phases that included the search of the literature, the selection of materials, the design and the develop ment of the therapeutic model in the period July - December 2017. Results: As a result, designed the therapeutic model, based on pedagogical experience and rehabilitation technology. Conclusions: In conclusion, the design of the therapeutic model facilitates the work of the function, muscle strength, recovery capacity and muscle elasticity with the exercises adap ted for the hospital environment.

RESUMO

Objetivos: Caracterizar a los egresados de un posgrado en Fisioterapia Cardiopulmonar de una universidad pública del suroccidente colombiano en el periodo 2009-2013 e identificar el impacto percibido por estos en el ámbito laboral. Materiales y métodos: Estudio descriptivo, basado en la aplicación de una encuesta por medio del correo electrónico. La encuesta consta de 33 preguntas que evalúan las características sociodemográficas, las áreas de desempeño, el ingreso salarial, la percepción del impacto en los sitios de trabajo y la estructura organizacional de la especialización. Resultados: La tasa de egresados con actividad laboral relacionada con el área de formación fue del 98 %. La mayor parte de las instituciones empleadoras, según el nivel de complejidad, fueron de nivel III (25 %) y IV (75 %). La actividad laboral predominante fue la asistencia a pacientes (59 %) y el área donde más se desempeñaron fue el servicio de cuidado intensivo adulto (65 %). El recurso docente fue identificado como la principal fortaleza de la especialización (77 %). El mayor impacto positivo percibido por los egresados fue el mejoramiento en la atención de pacientes (91 %), y el menor impacto, el mejoramiento salarial. Conclusiones: La Especialización en Fisioterapia Cardiopulmonar (EFCP) es un programa que contribuye a mejorar el perfil profesional de sus egresados y favorece a la aplicación de las competencias adquiridas en el ámbito laboral. Los resultados de este estudio permitirán desarrollar un plan de acción frente a los impactos negativos percibidos por sus egresados.

Objectives: To characterize the graduates of a specialization in cardiopulmonary physiotherapy in a public university located in the south west of Colombia in the period 2009-2013 and identify the impact perceived by graduates at work level. Materials and methods: Descriptive study based on the application of a survey sent via email. The survey consisted of 33 questions assessing sociodemographic characteristics, performance areas, frequent wage income, perceived impact at workplace, and the organizational structure of the specialization. Results: The rate of graduates with work-related activity training area was 98 %. The distribution of the employing institutions by level of complexity was level III (25 %) and IV (75 %). The predominant work activity was patient care (59 %), and the greatest performance area was the adult intensive care service (65 %). The teaching resource was identified as the main strength of the specialization program (77 %). The greatest positive impact perceived by the graduates was the improvement in patient care (91 %) and the least impact on salary improvement. Conclusions: The specialization degree in cardiopulmonary physiotherapy is a program that improves graduates' performance and contributes to apply newly learned competencies at workplace. The results will be used to develop an action plan based on the negative impacts perceived by the graduates.

Objetivos: Caracterizar os formados de uma pós-graduação em Fisioterapia Cardiopulmonar de uma universidade pública do sul-ocidente colombiano no período 2009-2013 e identificar o impacto percebido pelos formados no nível laboral. Materiais e métodos: Estudo descritivo, baseado na aplicação de um questionário enviado via correio eletrônico. O questionário constava de 33 perguntas que avaliavam as características sócio demográficas, as áreas de desempenho, o ingresso salarial, a percepção do impacto nos sítios de trabalho e da estrutura organizacional da especialização. Resultados: a taxa de formados com atividade laboral relacionada com a área de formação foi do 98 %. A maior parte das instituições empregadoras, segundo o nível de complexidade, foram de nível III (25 %) e IV (75 %). A atividade de trabalho predominante foi a assistência de pacientes (59 %) e a área onde mais se desempenharam foi o serviço de cuidado intensivo adulto (65 %). O recurso docente foi identificado como a principal fortaleza da especialização (77 %) o maior impacto positivo percebido pelos formados foi o melhoramento na atenção de pacientes (91 %) e o menor impacto o melhoramento salarial. Conclusões: A Especialização em Fisioterapia Cardiopulmonar (EFCP) é um programa que contribui a melhorar o perfil profissional de seus formados e favorece a aplicação das competências adquiridas no âmbito de trabalho. Os resultados deste estudo permitirão desenvolver um plano de ação frente aos impactos negativos percebidos pelos seus formados.

Assuntos