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OBJECTIVE: Central venous-arterial PCO2 to arterial-central venous O2 content ratio (Pcv-aCO2/Ca-cvO2) is commonly used as a surrogate for respiratory quotient (RQ) and tissue oxygenation. Although Pcv-aCO2/Ca-cvO2 might be associated with hyperlactatemia and outcome, neither the interchangeability with RQ nor the correlation with conclusive variables of anaerobic metabolism has never been demonstrated in septic shock. Our goal was to compare Pcv-aCO2/Ca-cvO2 and RQ in patients with septic shock. DESIGN: Prospective, observational study. SETTING: Two adult ICUs. PATIENTS: Forty-seven patients with septic shock on mechanical ventilation with stable respiratory settings and vasopressor dose after initial resuscitation. INTERVENTIONS: None. MAIN VARIABLES OF INTEREST: We measured arterial and central venous gases, Hb, and O2Hb. Pcv-aCO2/Ca-cvO2 and the ratio of central venous-arterial CO2 content to arterial-central venous O2 content (Ccv-aCO2/Ca-cvO2) were calculated. RQ was determined by indirect calorimetry. RESULTS: Pcv-aCO2/Ca-cvO2 and Ccv-aCO2/Ca-cvO2 were not correlated with RQ (R2 = 0.01, P = 0.50 and R2 = 0.01, P = 0.58, respectively), showing large bias and wide 95 % limits of agreement with RQ (1.09, -1.10-3.27 and 0.42, -1.53-2.37). A multiple linear regression model showed Hb, and central venous PCO2 and O2Hb, but not RQ, as Pcv-aCO2/Ca-cvO2 determinants (R2 = 0.36, P = 0.0007). CONCLUSIONS: In patients with septic shock, Pcv-aCO2/Ca-cvO2 did not correlate with RQ and was mainly determined by factors that modify the dissociation of CO2 from Hb. Pcv-aCO2/Ca-cvO2 seems to be a poor surrogate for RQ; therefore, its values should be interpreted with caution.
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Wastewater treatment and simultaneous production of value-added products with microalgae represent a sustainable alternative. Industrial wastewater, characterized by high C/N molar ratios, can naturally improve the carbohydrate content in microalgae without the need for any external source of carbon while degrading the organic matter, macro-nutrients, and micro-nutrients. This study aimed to understand the treatment, reuse, and valorization mechanisms of real cooling tower wastewater (CWW) from a cement-processing industry mixed with domestic wastewater (DW) to produce microalgal biomass with potential for synthesis of biofuels or other value-added products. For this purpose, three photobioreactors with different hydraulic retention times (HRT) were inoculated simultaneously using the CWW-DW mixture. Macro- and micro-nutrient consumption and accumulation, organic matter removal, algae growth, and carbohydrate content were monitored for 55 days. High COD (> 80%) and macronutrient removals (> 80% of N and P) were achieved in all the photoreactors, with heavy metals below the limits established by local standards. The best results showed maximum algal growth of 1.02 g SSV L-1 and 54% carbohydrate accumulation with a C/N ratio of 31.24 mol mol-1. Additionally, the harvested biomass presented a high Ca and Si content, ranging from 11 to 26% and 2 to 4%, respectively. Remarkably, big flocs were produced during microalgae growth, which enhanced natural settling for easy biomass harvesting. Overall, this process represents a sustainable alternative for CWW treatment and valorization, as well as a green tool for generating carbohydrate-rich biomass with the potential to produce biofuels and fertilizers.
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Sarcopenia in critically ill patients is a highly prevalent comorbidity. It is associated with a higher mortality rate, length of mechanical ventilation, and probability of being sent to a nursing home after the Intensive Care Unit (ICU). Despite the number of calories and proteins delivered, there is a complex network of signals of hormones and cytokines that affect muscle metabolism and its protein synthesis and breakdown in critically ill and chronic patients. To date, it is known that a higher number of proteins decreases mortality, but the exact amount needs to be clarified. This complex network of signals affects protein synthesis and breakdown. Some hormones regulate metabolism, such as insulin, insulin growth factor glucocorticoids, and growth hormone, whose secretion is affected by feeding states and inflammation. In addition, cytokines are involved, such as TNF-alpha and HIF-1. These hormones and cytokines have common pathways that activate muscle breakdown effectors, such as the ubiquitin-proteasome system, calpain, and caspase-3. These effectors are responsible for protein breakdown in muscles. Many trials have been conducted with hormones with different results but not with nutritional outcomes. This review examines the effect of hormones and cytokines on muscles. Knowing all the signals and pathways that affect protein synthesis and breakdown can be considered for future therapeutics.
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Resistência à Insulina , Humanos , Estado Terminal , Insulina , Proteólise , CitocinasRESUMO
A long-term complication of obesity is the development of type 2 diabetes (T2D). Patients with T2D have been described as having epigenetic modifications. Epigenetics is the post-transcriptional modification of DNA or associated factors containing genetic information. These environmentally-influenced modifications, maintained during cell division, cause stable changes in gene expression. Epigenetic modifications of T2D are DNA methylation, acetylation, ubiquitylation, SUMOylation, and phosphorylation at the lysine residue at the amino terminus of histones, affecting DNA, histones, and non-coding RNA. DNA methylation has been shown in pancreatic islets, adipose tissue, skeletal muscle, and the liver. Furthermore, epigenetic changes have been observed in chronic complications of T2D, such as diabetic nephropathy, diabetic retinopathy, and diabetic neuropathy. Recently, a new drug has been developed which acts on bromodomains and extraterminal (BET) domain proteins, which operate like epigenetic readers and communicate with chromatin to make DNA accessible for transcription by inhibiting them. This drug (apabetalone) is being studied to prevent major adverse cardiovascular events in people with T2D, low HDL cholesterol, chronic kidney failure, and recent coronary events. This review aims to describe the relationship between obesity, long-term complications such as T2D, and epigenetic modifications and their possible treatments.
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Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2 , Humanos , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/metabolismo , Histonas/metabolismo , Epigênese Genética , Metilação de DNA , Obesidade/genética , DNA/metabolismoRESUMO
Beneficial interactions between plant roots and Trichoderma species lead to both local and systemic enhancements of the plant immune system through a mechanism known as priming of defenses. Previously, we have reported a number of genes and proteins that are differentially regulated in distant tissues of maize plants following inoculation with Trichoderma atroviride. To further investigate the mechanisms involved in the systemic activation of plant responses, here we have further evaluated the regulatory aspects of a selected group of genes when priming is triggered in maize plants. Time-course experiments from the beginning of the interaction between T. atroviride and maize roots followed by leaf infection with Colletotrichum graminicola allowed us to identify a gene set regulated by priming in the leaf tissue. In the same experiment, phytohormone measurements revealed a decrease in jasmonic acid concentration while salicylic acid increased at 2 d and 6 d post-inoculation. In addition, chromatin structure and modification assays showed that chromatin was more open in the primed state compared with unprimed control conditions, and this allowed for quicker gene activation in response to pathogen attack. Overall, the results allowed us to gain insights on the interplay between the phytohormones and epigenetic regulatory events in the systemic and long-lasting regulation of maize plant defenses following Trichoderma inoculation.
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Trichoderma , Zea mays , Zea mays/genética , Zea mays/metabolismo , Trichoderma/genética , Trichoderma/metabolismo , Ácido Salicílico/metabolismo , Folhas de Planta/metabolismo , Doenças das Plantas/genética , Raízes de Plantas/metabolismoRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Reactive oxygen species (ROS) is a main factor that alters cellular physiology and functionality. Many strategies are used in order to control excessive oxidative stress. One strategy includes the use of antioxidants like N-acetyl cysteine (NAC). The aim of this study was to compare the effect of this antioxidant on ROS production and cellular growth of a wild-type and a respiratory-deficient Saccharomyces cerevisiae strain. METHODS: Using a simple system such as yeast allows oxidative stress investigations on which numerous factors are more manageable or circumscribed than in a higher organism. We grew cells in a complex medium and incubated them during 72 h. Later, cellular viability and ROS production was evaluated. ROS level was estimated by use of fluorescence signal with 2',7'-dichlorofluorescein diacetate (DCFH-DA). RESULTS: As it is found in the present work, a reducing environment exerted by NAC presence during incubation of the cells allows a respiratory-deficient Saccharomyces cerevisiae strain to improve its cellular growth. CONCLUSIONS: It seems likely that the energy production or the phenotype which characterizes a deficient strain is incapable of palliating ROS growth inhibition while NAC helps to overcome this limitation.
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Acetilcisteína , Saccharomyces cerevisiae , Acetilcisteína/farmacologia , Antioxidantes/farmacologia , Estresse Oxidativo , Espécies Reativas de Oxigênio , Saccharomyces cerevisiae/genéticaRESUMO
Sarcopenia is the loss of muscle mass and function. Its presence darkens the prognosis of cirrhotic patients. The gold standard for the description of sarcopenia is the Skeletal Muscle Index (SMI). Thirty-four cirrhotic patients were included. Measurement was carried out through CT of both psoas separately that were then added obtaining the so called "sum of area of 2 psoas", in addition total muscular area, SMI and total area of psoas were measured. Ultrasonography was also performed and the transverse area of the quadriceps rectus anterior was measured by ultrasound and Hand Grip (HG). The correlation between the different measurements was analyzed comparing with the total muscle area, with quadriceps area (r = 0.39; p = 0.019), with total psoas area (r = 0.71; p <0.01), with sum of area of 2 psoas (r = 0.72; p <0.001) and with HG (r = 0.45; p = 0.0069). Compared with SMI, in women HG had 86% sensitivity and 66% specificity (AUC = 0.89). In men, the sum of 2 psoas had 91.7% sensitivity and specificity (AUC = 0.82) and the total area of psoas had 83.3% sensitivity and 76.9% specificity (AUC = 0.8). There was a very good correlation between the tomography methods with the gold standard. The correlation with ultrasound and strength was good. In the evaluation of sensitivity, specificity and AUC, it was not found a useful method when comparing with the SMI.
La sarcopenia es la pérdida de masa y función muscular. Su presencia ensombrece el pronóstico de los pacientes cirróticos. El gold standard para la descripción de sarcopenia es el Skeletal Muscle Index (SMI). Se incluyeron 34 pacientes cirróticos. Se realizó medición a través de tomografía computarizada de ambos psoas por separado, que luego fueron sumados obteniendo lo que se denominó "suma de área de 2 psoas", además se midió área muscular total, SMI y área total de psoas. También se realizó ecografía y se midió el área transversal de recto anterior del cuádriceps por ecografía y Hand Grip (HG). Se analizó la correlación entre las distintas mediciones comparando con el área muscular total, con área de cuádriceps (r = 0.39; P = 0.019), con área total de psoas (r = 0.71; P < 0.01), con suma de área de 2 psoas (r= 0.72; P < 0.001) y con HG (r = 0.45; P = 0.0069). Comparado con el SMI, en mujeres el HG tuvo 86% sensibilidad y 66% especificidad (AUC = 0.89). En hombres la suma de 2 psoas tuvo 91.7% de sensibilidad y especificidad (AUC = 0.82) y el área total de psoas tuvo 83.3% de sensibilidad y 76.9% de especificidad (AUC = 0.8). Hubo muy buena correlación entre los métodos de tomografía con el gold standard, y la correlación con la ecografía y la fuerza fue buena. Evaluando sensibilidad, especificidad y AUC, no se consideró un método útil para ambos sexos, comparado con el SMI.
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Sarcopenia , Feminino , Força da Mão , Humanos , Cirrose Hepática/complicações , Cirrose Hepática/diagnóstico por imagem , Masculino , Músculo Esquelético/diagnóstico por imagem , Músculo Esquelético/patologia , Músculos Psoas/diagnóstico por imagem , Músculos Psoas/patologia , Estudos Retrospectivos , Sarcopenia/diagnóstico por imagem , Sarcopenia/etiologia , UltrassonografiaRESUMO
Resumen La sarcopenia es la pérdida de masa y función muscular. Su presencia ensombrece el pronóstico de los pacientes cirróticos. El gold standard para la descripción de sarcopenia es el Skeletal Muscle Index (SMI). Se incluyeron 34 pacientes cirróticos. Se realizó medición a través de tomografía computarizada de ambos psoas por separado, que luego fueron sumados obteniendo lo que se denominó "suma de área de 2 psoas", además se midió área muscular total, SMI y área total de psoas. También se realizó ecografía y se midió el área transversal de recto anterior del cuádriceps por ecografía y Hand Grip (HG). Se analizó la corre lación entre las distintas mediciones comparando con el área muscular total, con área de cuádriceps (r = 0.39; P = 0.019), con área total de psoas (r = 0.71; P < 0.01), con suma de área de 2 psoas (r= 0.72; P < 0.001) y con HG (r = 0.45; P = 0.0069). Comparado con el SMI, en mujeres el HG tuvo 86% sensibilidad y 66% especificidad (AUC = 0.89). En hombres la suma de 2 psoas tuvo 91.7% de sensibilidad y especificidad (AUC = 0.82) y el área total de psoas tuvo 83.3% de sensibilidad y 76.9% de especificidad (AUC = 0.8). Hubo muy buena correlación entre los métodos de tomografía con el gold standard, y la correlación con la ecografía y la fuerza fue buena. Evaluando sensibilidad, especificidad y AUC, no se consideró un método útil para ambos sexos, comparado con el SMI
Abstract Sarcopenia is the loss of muscle mass and function. Its presence darkens the prognosis of cirrhotic patients. The gold standard for the description of sarcopenia is the Skeletal Muscle Index (SMI). Thirty-four cirrhotic patients were included. Measurement was carried out through CT of both psoas separately that were then added obtain ing the so called "sum of area of 2 psoas", in addition total muscular area, SMI and total area of psoas were measured. Ultrasonography was also performed and the transverse area of the quadriceps rectus anterior was measured by ultrasound and Hand Grip (HG). The correlation between the different measurements was analyzed comparing with the total muscle area, with quadriceps area (r = 0.39; p = 0.019), with total psoas area (r = 0.71; p <0.01), with sum of area of 2 psoas (r = 0.72; p <0.001) and with HG (r = 0.45; p = 0.0069). Compared with SMI, in women HG had 86% sensitivity and 66% specificity (AUC = 0.89). In men, the sum of 2 psoas had 91.7% sensitivity and specificity (AUC = 0.82) and the total area of psoas had 83.3% sensitivity and 76.9% specificity (AUC = 0.8). There was a very good correlation between the tomography methods with the gold standard. The correlation with ultrasound and strength was good. In the evaluation of sensitivity, specificity and AUC, it was not found a useful method when comparing with the SMI.
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Cyanobacterial biomass has constituted a crucial third and fourth-generation biofuel material, with great potential to synthesize a wide range of metabolites, mainly carbohydrates. Lately, carbohydrate-based biofuels from cyanobacteria, such as bioethanol, biohydrogen, and biobutanol, have attracted attention as a sustainable alternative to petroleum-based products. Cyanobacteria can perform a simple process of saccharification, and extracted carbohydrates can be converted into biofuels with two alternatives; the first one consists of a fermentative process based on bacteria or yeasts, while the second alternative consists of an internal metabolic process of their own in intracellular carbohydrate content, either by the natural or genetic engineered process. This study reviewed carbohydrate-enriched cyanobacterial biomass as feedstock for biofuels. Detailed insights on technical strategies and limitations of cultivation, polysaccharide accumulation strategies for further fermentation process were provided. Advances and challenges in bioethanol, biohydrogen, and biobutanol production by cyanobacteria synthesis and an independent fermentative process are presented. Critical outlook on life-cycle assessment and techno-economical aspects for large-scale application of these technologies were discussed.
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Cianobactérias , Microalgas , Biocombustíveis , Biomassa , Carboidratos , Fermentação , PolissacarídeosRESUMO
The production of carbohydrate-enriched biomass from waste streams as a sustainable biofuel precursor is a noteworthy endeavor. This study investigates the long-term microalgae cultivated under low domestic wastewater loads and different hydraulic retention times (HRT) in a semi-continuous photobioreactor. The influence of operational conditions, the microalgae interaction with carbon, nutrients availability, and microbial population in terms of carbohydrate content were elucidated. The results revealed that the operation at similar low nutrients and carbon loads maintained at three different hydraulic retention times (HRT) of 10, 8, and 6â¯days caused different patterns in nutrients uptake and biomass composition. Particularly, the carbohydrate accumulation was greatly influenced by the unbalance in the N:P ratios than complete depletion of the nutrients. Hence, during the period operated at HRT of 10 d, high nutrients removal efficiencies were observed while gradually increasing carbohydrate content up to 57% in dry cell weight (DCW). Afterward, the decrease to 8 and 6 d of HRT showed lower nutrient consumption with depleted alkalinity, reaching an appreciably high carbohydrate accumulation of up to 46%, and 56%, respectively. The biomass concentration decreased in the order of HRT of 10, 8, and 6â¯days. This study demonstrated that microalgae adapted to low carbon and nutrient loads could still accumulate high carbohydrate at shorter HRT using domestic wastewater as substrate.
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Microalgas , Águas Residuárias , Biomassa , Carboidratos , Nitrogênio/análise , FotobiorreatoresRESUMO
Bioelectrochemical systems (BES), mainly microbial fuel cells (MEC) and microbial electrolysis cells (MFC), are unique biosystems that use electroactive bacteria (EAB) to produce electrons in the form of electric energy for different applications. BES have attracted increasing attention as a sustainable, low-cost, and neutral-carbon option for energy production, wastewater treatment, and biosynthesis. Complex interactions between EAB and the electrode materials play a crucial role in system performance and scalability. The electron transfer processes from the EAB to the anode surface or from the cathode surface to the EAB have been the object of numerous investigations in BES, and the development of new materials to maximize energy production and overall performance has been a hot topic in the last years. The present review paper discusses the advances on innovative electrode materials for emerging BES, which include MEC coupled to anaerobic digestion (MEC-AD), Microbial Desalination Cells (MDC), plant-MFC (P-MFC), constructed wetlands-MFC (CW-MFC), and microbial electro-Fenton (BEF). Detailed insights on innovative electrode modification strategies to improve the electrode transfer kinetics on each emerging BES are provided. The effect of materials on microbial population is also discussed in this review. Furthermore, the challenges and opportunities for materials scientists and engineers working in BES are presented at the end of this work aiming at scaling up and industrialization of such versatile systems.
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Fontes de Energia Bioelétrica , Biofilmes , Eletricidade , Eletrodos , Eletrólise , Águas Residuárias/análiseRESUMO
MAIN CONCLUSION: Trichoderma activates plant proteins to counteract Fusarium infection. Comparison between proteomic and transcriptomic data suggests differential response regulation. Proteins from the phenylpropanoid pathway are activated to quickly respond to pathogen attack. Trichoderma species can stimulate local and distant immune responses in colonized plant tissues to prevent future pathogenic attacks. Priming of plant defenses is characterized by changes in transcriptional, metabolic, and epigenetic states after stimulus perception. We have previously investigated transcriptional reprogramming in silk tissues from maize plants inoculated with Trichoderma atroviride and challenged with Fusarium verticillioides (Agostini et al., Mol Plant-Microbe In 32:95-106, 2019). To better understand the molecular changes induced by T. atroviride in maize, a proteomic approach was conducted in this instance. Several proteins belonging to different metabolic categories were detected as priming-involved proteins. However, we detected a very low correlation with those priming-modulated transcripts suggesting the importance of regulatory events a posteriori of the transcriptional process to accomplish the final goal of blocking pathogen entry. Specifically, we focused on the phenylpropanoid pathway, since we detected several proteins that are upregulated in the priming state and might explain cell wall reinforcement as well as the increase in flavonoid and lignin content in maize silks after activation of induced systemic resistance.
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Trichoderma , Zea mays , Fusarium , Hypocreales , Doenças das Plantas , Proteoma , Proteômica , SedaRESUMO
This study aimed to investigate a mixed microalgae culture's capacity to simultaneously remove nutrients and organic matter from industrial effluents while producing carbohydrate-rich biomass. A culture initially dominated by filamentous cyanobacteria Geitlerinema sp. was inoculated in a lab-scale stirred tank photobioreactor, operating at 10, 8, and 6 days hydraulic retention time (HRT). The results show that different HRT led to different inorganic carbon profiles and N:P ratios in the culture, influencing microbial changes, and carbohydrate content. Hence, higher N-NH4+ removal efficiencies were obtained at HRT of 10 d and decreased with decreasing HRT. Whereas, complete depletion of P-PO43- was achieved only at HRT of 8 d and 6 d. Also, the highest COD removal efficiency (60%) was achieved at 6 d of HRT. The maximum accumulation of carbohydrates was achieved at HRT of 8 d, which presented an N:P ratio of 22:1 and carbon availability, recording a constant carbohydrate content of 57% without any additional carbon source. Furthermore, this operational condition reached the best biomass production of 0.033 g L-1d-1 of easy-settling cyanobacteria dominated culture. According to the results, this process presents an alternative to recycling industrial effluents and, at the same time, grow valuable biomass, closing a loop for sustainable economy.
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Microalgas , Águas Residuárias , Biomassa , Reatores Biológicos , Carboidratos , FotobiorreatoresRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Knee stiffness is a challenging complication following complex fractures around the knee. Several treatment strategies have been described in the last decades, but clinical results and complication rates still remain as potential drawbacks. The aim of this study was to access the clinical outcomes and complications of the modified Judet quadricepsplasty following knee stiffness secondary to complex fractures around the knee. METHODS: A total of 11 patients presenting post-traumatic knee stiffness underwent modified Judet quadricepsplasty from 2014 to 2017. All procedures were performed by the same surgical team, and all patients followed the same postoperative pain control and rehabilitation protocols. No patients underwent medial approach for medial release. When necessary, medial release was performed through the lateral approach. Patients were evaluated using the Judet criteria for final range of motion after 1-year minimum follow-up. RESULTS: According to the Judet criteria, 4 patients (36.4%) presented excellent, 6 (54.5%) good, and 1 (9.1%) poor clinical outcomes. Blood transfusion was required in 5 patients (45.4%). No patients presented infection or wound dehiscence. CONCLUSIONS: Although quadricepsplasty is considered a high morbidity surgical procedure, our favorable functional outcomes with very low complication rates using this modified Judet quadricepsplasty confirmed safety and efficacy of this helpful surgical procedure for the challenge of post-traumatic knee stiffness. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Level 4 retrospective case series.
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Fraturas do Fêmur , Procedimentos Ortopédicos , Fraturas do Fêmur/etiologia , Fraturas do Fêmur/cirurgia , Humanos , Articulação do Joelho/cirurgia , Amplitude de Movimento Articular , Estudos Retrospectivos , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
INTRODUCTION: Nephropathy is one of the major complications of Fabry disease and mainly includes reduced glomerular filtration rate and proteinuria. Affected patients show different degrees of annual loss of renal function according to the magnitude of proteinuria and decrease in estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) at the baseline. OBJETIVE: To analyze the relationship between age at diagnosis and severity of nephropathy in a Fabry disease population. METHODS: Cross-sectional design with retrospective data collection. RESULTS: Seventy-two patients were studied with mean age of 26.26 ± 16.48 years and 30 men (41.6%). Twenty-seven paediatric patients and 45 adults were included. Thirteen genotypes were found: E398X, L415P, c886A>G, L106R, c.680G>A, A292T, c. 448.delG, R363H, C382Y, R301Q, D109G, del 3 and 4 exons, W81X, all pathogenic mutations of GLA gene. The mean eGFR in paediatric population was 115.81 ± 20.87 ml/min/1.73 m2 and in adults was 80.63 ± 42.22 ml/min/1.73 m2. The Pearson's bilateral correlation coefficient test (value = -0.462) between the age at diagnosis and eGFR indicates inverse correlation between both variables with a strong statistical significance (P = < 0.01). Spearman's bilateral correlation coefficient (value = +0.385) between the variables at diagnosis and the degree of proteinuria indicates direct correlation between both variables with a strong statistical significance (P = <0.01). CONCLUSIONS: Diagnosis of Fabry disease patients at a younger age could be a key to improve the nephropathy prognosis and allow early and effective interventions.
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In sepsis, reactive oxygen species (ROS) production is increased. This process takes place mainly within the electron transport chain. ROS production is part of the pathophysiology of multiple organ failure in sepsis. Succinate yields Dihydroflavine-Adenine Dinucleotide (FADH2), which enters the chain through complex II, avoiding complex I, through which electrons are lost. The aim of this work is to determine if parenteral succinate reduces systemic ROS production and improves kidney function. Rats with cecal ligation and puncture were used as model of sepsis, and 4 groups were made: Control group; Succinate group, which only received parenteral succinate; Sepsis group; and Sepsis which received parenteral succinate. Systemic ROS are measured 24 hours after the procedure. Rats subjected to cecal puncture treated with succinate had less systemic ROS than Septic untreated rats (p = 0.007), while there were no differences in creatinine levels (p = 0.07). There was no correlation between creatinine and systemic ROS levels (p = 0.3). We concluded that parenteral succinate reduces ROS levels, but it does not reduce creatinine levels. Since there is no correlation between both levels, the processes would not be related.
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Creatinina/metabolismo , Nutrição Parenteral , Espécies Reativas de Oxigênio/metabolismo , Insuficiência Renal/prevenção & controle , Sepse/complicações , Ácido Succínico/administração & dosagem , Animais , Ceco/cirurgia , Ligadura , Masculino , Oxirredução , Ratos , Ratos Sprague-Dawley , Insuficiência Renal/etiologia , Insuficiência Renal/metabolismo , Ácido Succínico/metabolismoRESUMO
This work presents a new and useful method to dimension wind turbines and control systems and to optimize their mechanical design. This method allows determining the principal curves for characterizing a small capacity wind turbine designed with a Permanent Magnet Synchronous Generator (PMSG). For the wind turbine characterization it was considered the losses in the process of energy transformation in the wind rotor, electric generator and in the bridge rectifier. The equivalent electric model of the synchronous generator was used to determine the electric parameter performance. The work of the wind rotor was considered in its maximum power curve and the PMSG performance in the linear region of its magnetization curve. This leads to develop a new methodology for the complete wind turbine characterization from the nominal parameters of the wind rotor and the electric generator. This method also allows obtaining the power curves and the parameters of voltage, current and efficiency around the wind speed domain and angular speed in the wind rotor. The method was tested for small-capacity wind turbine (1 kW and 10 kW) performances and the numerical and experimental results are described.
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Hobi-like viruses (HobiPeV) comprise a novel, recently classified species of bovine pestiviruses, originally identified in commercial fetal bovine serum of Brazilian origin and, subsequently, isolated from diseased animals in several countries. Although frequently isolated from clinical cases, most HobiPeV isolates failed to reproduce overt disease in cattle upon experimental inoculation. Herein, we describe the outcome of experimental infection of four to six months-old seronegative calves with two Brazilian HobiPeV isolates. Calves inoculated intranasally with isolate SV478/07 developed viremia between days 2 and 9 post-inoculation (pi) and shed virus in nasal secretions up to day 11pi. These animals presented hyperthermia (day 7 to 10-11 pi) and lymphopenia from days 4 to 8pi. Clinically, all four calves developed varied degrees of apathy, anorexia, mild to moderate respiratory signs (nasal secretion, hyperemia), ocular discharge and pasty diarrhea in the days following virus inoculation. In contrast, calves inoculated with isolate SV757/15 presented only hyperthermia (days 3 to 10-11 pi) and lymphopenia (days 4-8 pi), without other apparent clinical signs. In these animals, viremia was detected up to day 9 pi and virus shedding in nasal secretions lasted up to day 12-14 pi. Both groups seroconverted to the inoculated viruses, developing virus neutralizing (VN) titers from 320 to 5120â¯at day 28pi. These results extend previous findings that experimental infections of calves with HobiPeV are predominantly mild, yet they also indicate that field isolates may differ in their ability to cause disease in susceptible animals.
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Doença das Mucosas por Vírus da Diarreia Viral Bovina/virologia , Doenças dos Bovinos/virologia , Bovinos/virologia , Vírus da Diarreia Viral Bovina/classificação , Vírus da Diarreia Viral Bovina/patogenicidade , Febre/virologia , Linfopenia/virologia , Infecções por Pestivirus/virologia , Animais , Anticorpos Neutralizantes/sangue , Anticorpos Antivirais/sangue , Temperatura Corporal , Doença das Mucosas por Vírus da Diarreia Viral Bovina/imunologia , Doença das Mucosas por Vírus da Diarreia Viral Bovina/fisiopatologia , Brasil , Vírus da Diarreia Viral Bovina/isolamento & purificação , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Masculino , Infecções por Pestivirus/imunologia , Infecções por Pestivirus/veterinária , Fatores de Tempo , Carga Viral , Viremia/virologia , Eliminação de Partículas ViraisRESUMO
Arabidopsis has 12 histone acetyltransferases grouped in four families: the GNAT/HAG, the MYST/HAM, the p300/CBP/HAC and the TAFII250/HAF families. We previously showed that ham1 and ham2 mutants accumulated higher damaged DNA after UV-B exposure than WT plants. In contrast, hag3 RNA interference transgenic plants showed less DNA damage and lower inhibition of plant growth by UV-B, and increased levels of UV-B-absorbing compounds. These results demonstrated that HAM1, HAM2, and HAG3 participate in UV-B-induced DNA damage repair and signaling. In this work, to further explore the role of histone acetylation in UV-B responses, a putative function of other acetyltransferases of the HAC and the HAF families was analyzed. Neither HAC nor HAF acetyltrasferases participate in DNA damage and repair after UV-B radiation in Arabidopsis. Despite this, haf1 mutants presented lower inhibition of leaf and root growth by UV-B, with altered expression of E2F transcription factors. On the other hand, hac1 plants showed a delay in flowering time after UV-B exposure and changes in FLC and SOC1 expression patterns. Our data indicate that HAC1 and HAF1 have crucial roles for in UV-B signaling, confirming that, directly or indirectly, both enzymes also have a role in UV-B responses.
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Introducción: Ante el difícil y cada vez más frecuente escenario de una revisión de cadera, existen diferentes alternativas para conseguir una fijación estable y duradera del componente femoral. El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar la evolución clínica y radiográfica de los pacientes sometidos a una revisión del componente femoral con tallo cilíndrico de superficie rugosa extendida. Materiales y Métodos: Se llevó a cabo un estudio multicéntrico y retrospectivo de 148 pacientes, operados entre marzo de 1997 y marzo de 2010, a quienes se les realizó una cirugía de revisión femoral con un tallo cilíndrico con recubrimiento poroso. La edad promedio era de 63.1 años. Resultados: El seguimiento promedio fue de 7.7 años. En 134 (89,9%) pacientes, se observó una fijación ósea estable; en 12 (8%), una fijación fibrosa estable y, en 3 (2%), una fijación fibrosa inestable. El puntaje de Harris se modificó de 41 en el preoperatorio a 92 después de la cirugía. Las complicaciones fueron infección profunda (2 casos, 1,3%), fractura de fémur intraoperatoria (12,8%) y luxación protésica (3 casos, 2%). Conclusión: Los tallos cilíndricos con recubrimiento poroso han demostrado ser un eficaz recurso para solucionar la mayoría de las revisiones femorales por la posibilidad de obtener fijación estable a corto y largo plazo. Nivel de Evidencia: IV
Introduction: In the set of hip revision surgery there are different options to achieve a stable fixation of the femoral component. The objective of this study was to evaluate the clinical and radiographic outcomes of patients who underwent hip revision with cylindrical extensively porous stem. Methods: Between March 1997 and March 2010 a multicenter retrospective study was performed in 148 patients who underwent hip revision with cylindrical extensively porous stem. The mean age was 63.1 years. Results: The follow-up was 7.7 years. One hundred thirty-four (89.9%) patients achieved a stable bone ingrowth fixation; 12 (8%) a stable fibrous fixation and 3 (2%) a non-stable fixation. The Harris Hip Score improved from 41 points before surgery to 92 points in the postoperative period. Complications included: two deep infections (1.3%), 12 intra-operative femoral fractures (8%) and three hip dislocations (2%). Conclusion: The cylindrical extensively porous femoral stem seems to be a reliable technique for femoral hip revision surgery, as it is possible to obtain a short- and long-term stable fixation. Level of Evidence: IV