RESUMO

Tomatoes and their by-products are indisputable sources of substances with antioxidants properties. Several factors limit the production and influence the nutritional and antioxidant quality of tomato fruit. However, consumers can benefit from the effects of environmental factors, such as water and hydric stress, UV radiation, agronomic practices, among others, which lead to changes in the content of secondary metabolites in tomatoes. Molecules as phenolic compounds, carotenoids, and biogenic amines are often formed in response to environmental adversities. In this way, the consumption of tomato fruits or their by-products with higher levels of antioxidants may be important adjuvants in the prevention or reduction of diseases. In this mini-review, we will present how pre- and postharvest conditions may influence the content of some bioactive compounds in tomatoes. Furthermore, we will present how some heat processing methods may change the antioxidant content, as well as, the functional and nutritional properties of the final product.

RESUMO

Infestation by Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) causes damage to tomatoes with production losses of up to 100%, affecting the physiological and biochemical aspects of host plants. The objective of this study was to analyze the influence of infestation of cryptic species of B. tabaci MED and MEAM1 on the physiological and biochemical aspects of tomato. Tomato plants 'Santa Adélia Super' infested with B. tabaci (MED and MEAM1), and non-infested plants were evaluated for differences in gas exchange, chlorophyll - a fluorescence of photosystem II (PSII), and biochemical factors (total phenols, total flavonoids, superoxide dismutase-SOD, peroxidase-POD, and polyphenol oxidase-PPO). Plants infested with B. tabaci MED showed low rates of CO2 assimilation and stomatal conductance of 55% and 52%, respectively. The instantaneous carboxylation efficiency was reduced by 40% in MED and by 60% in MEAM1 compared to the control. Regarding biochemical aspects, plants infested by MED cryptic species showed high activity of POD and PPO enzymes and total phenol content during the second and third instars when compared to control plants. Our results indicate that B. tabaci MED infestation in tomato plants had a greater influence than B. tabaci MEAM1 infestation on physiological parameters (CO2 assimilation rate (A), stomatal conductance (gs), and apparent carboxylation efficiency (A/Ci)) and caused increased activity of POD and PPO enzymes, indicating plant resistance to attack. In contrast, B. tabaci MEAM1 caused a reduction in POD enzyme activity, favoring offspring performance.

RESUMO

Com o objetivo de avaliar a produção de mudas de pau-de-balsa (Ochroma pyramidale) em diferentes tipos de telados e campo aberto foi conduzido um experimento na área experimental pertencente à UNEMAT, localizada no Município de Cáceres-MT de agosto a novembro de 2011. Os níveis de sombreamento foram obtidos com telados de malhas negras (sombrite 30% e 50%) e malhas refletoras (termo refletora 30% e 50%) e a pleno sol. O delineamento empregado foi o inteiramente casualizado, sendo cinco ambientes e quatro repetições, com 12 plantas para cada repetição. As avaliações foram realizadas aos 30, 45 e 60 dias apos o plantio. Em cada avaliação foram coletadas às seguintes medidas, diâmetro de colo, altura da planta, , comprimento do sistema radicular, numero de folhas, peso fresco da parte aérea, peso fresco da raiz, peso seco da parte aérea e peso seco da raiz. Com os resultados pode comprovar que o sombreamento influência a produção de mudas de pau-de-balsa e que os telados de malhas refletoras 30% e 50% são os recomendados para produção de mudas de qualidade na região de Cáceres-MT.

With the objective of evaluating the growing of the Balsa Tree seedlings in different types of greenhouses and open fields it was conducted an experiment belonging to UNEMAT based on Caceres-MT from August to November 2011. The levels of shading were obtained using greenhouses with black shade cloth (30% and 50%), made with reflective shade cloth (30% and 50%), and completely exposed to the sun. The outline used was the totally random one being 5 different environments and 4 repetitions with 12 seedlings for each repetition. Evaluations were recorded on the 30th, 45th, and 60th days after planting. In each evaluation the following measurements were collected: diameter of the stem, height of the plant, length of the root system, number of leaves, weight of fresh shoot, weight of fresh root, weight of dry shoot, and weight of dry root. Based on the final results, it was confirmed that the shading influences the growing of the Balsa Tree seedlings and that the greenhouses with 30% and 50% reflective shade cloth are the ones recommended for growing of these seedlings in Caceres-MT region.

Assuntos

RESUMO

Considering the increasing economic importance and due to the lack of technical information for growing arugula in tropical regions, it was evaluated the performance of arugula cultivated under different shade screens and at open field. Eight treatments were evaluated in a 2x4 factorial design, with two cultivars (Cultivada and Folha Larga) x four crop environments (open field, greenhouse shading with 30%, 40% and 50%), with four replications in randomized blocks. The evaluated were plant height, leaf number, fresh and dry matter of the above ground part. Cultivars Folha Larga and Cultivada, showed satisfactory yield: that production in the open field showed acceptable values, showing viable cultivation in the winter in Cáceres-MT, even in warm temperatures, especially for early harvest at around 37 days after sowing. However, cultivation of arugula is favored using 50% shade screen, which can increase the production about 43%.

Pelo crescente aumento da importância econômica e perante a escassez de informações técnicas para o cultivo da rúcula em regiões tropicais, avaliou-se o desempenho de rúcula cultivada sob diferentes telados de sombreamento e a campo aberto. Foram avaliados oito tratamentos em esquema fatorial 2x4, sendo duas cultivares (Cultivada e Folha Larga) x quatro ambientes de cultivo (campo aberto, telado com sombrite 30%, 40% e 50%) com quatro repetições, em blocos casualizados. As características avaliadas foram altura da planta, número de folhas e massas de matéria fresca e de matéria seca parte aérea. Foi observado que as cultivares Folha Larga e Cultivada apresentaram produção satisfatória: a produção em campo aberto apresentou valores aceitáveis, mostrando-se viável o cultivo no período de inverno em Cáceres-MT, mesmo sob temperaturas cálidas, principalmente para colheitas antecipadas por volta dos 37 dias após a semeadura. Porém, o cultivo de rúcula é favorecido sob tela preta 50%, que pode incrementar a produção em cerca de 43%.

Assuntos

RESUMO

Considering the increasing economic importance and due to the lack of technical information for growing arugula in tropical regions, it was evaluated the performance of arugula cultivated under different shade screens and at open field. Eight treatments were evaluated in a 2x4 factorial design, with two cultivars (Cultivada and Folha Larga) x four crop environments (open field, greenhouse shading with 30%, 40% and 50%), with four replications in randomized blocks. The evaluated were plant height, leaf number, fresh and dry matter of the above ground part. Cultivars Folha Larga and Cultivada, showed satisfactory yield: that production in the open field showed acceptable values, showing viable cultivation in the winter in Cáceres-MT, even in warm temperatures, especially for early harvest at around 37 days after sowing. However, cultivation of arugula is favored using 50% shade screen, which can increase the production about 43%.

Pelo crescente aumento da importância econômica e perante a escassez de informações técnicas para o cultivo da rúcula em regiões tropicais, avaliou-se o desempenho de rúcula cultivada sob diferentes telados de sombreamento e a campo aberto. Foram avaliados oito tratamentos em esquema fatorial 2x4, sendo duas cultivares (Cultivada e Folha Larga) x quatro ambientes de cultivo (campo aberto, telado com sombrite 30%, 40% e 50%) com quatro repetições, em blocos casualizados. As características avaliadas foram altura da planta, número de folhas e massas de matéria fresca e de matéria seca parte aérea. Foi observado que as cultivares Folha Larga e Cultivada apresentaram produção satisfatória: a produção em campo aberto apresentou valores aceitáveis, mostrando-se viável o cultivo no período de inverno em Cáceres-MT, mesmo sob temperaturas cálidas, principalmente para colheitas antecipadas por volta dos 37 dias após a semeadura. Porém, o cultivo de rúcula é favorecido sob tela preta 50%, que pode incrementar a produção em cerca de 43%.