RESUMO
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune disease that causes physical disability in people worldwide. Despite progress made in RA treatment in the past decade, new drugs with high efficacy but few long-term adverse effects are still needed. This study focused on evaluating the therapeutic potential of α-mangostin on established collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) in DBA/1J mice. Arthritic DBA/1J mice were orally administered with two doses of α-mangostin (10 and 40â¯mg/kg) daily, for 33 days. Alpha-mangostin significantly decreased the clinical score in the short term at both doses and decreased the histopathological score at the higher dose. This improvement was accompanied by a reduction on serum levels of anti-collagen IgG2a autoantibodies and of the production of LIX/CXCL5, IP-10/CXCL10, MIG/CXCL9, RANTES/CCL5, IL-6 and IL-33 in the joints of CIA mice. Alpha-mangostin also exhibited an anti-oxidant effect decreasing the NADPH oxidase activity and lipid peroxidation and preserving the levels of reduced glutathione in the arthritic joints. In vitro this xanthone demonstrated modulatory properties on LPS-activated dendritic cells, although in Th1 and Th17-polarized lymphocytes promotes a pro-apoptotic phenotype. Altogether this study illustrates the capacity of α-mangostin to ameliorate the early clinical and histological signs of established CIA by reducing the inflammatory and oxidative responses.
Assuntos
Anti-Inflamatórios/uso terapêutico , Antioxidantes/uso terapêutico , Artrite Experimental/tratamento farmacológico , Artrite Reumatoide/tratamento farmacológico , Xantonas/uso terapêutico , Animais , Anti-Inflamatórios/isolamento & purificação , Antioxidantes/isolamento & purificação , Apoptose/efeitos dos fármacos , Artrite Experimental/induzido quimicamente , Artrite Reumatoide/induzido quimicamente , Colágeno/imunologia , Citocinas/metabolismo , Células Dendríticas/efeitos dos fármacos , Garcinia mangostana/química , Imunoglobulina G/imunologia , Imunoglobulina G/metabolismo , Inflamação/tratamento farmacológico , Articulação do Joelho/patologia , Masculino , Camundongos Endogâmicos BALB C , Camundongos Endogâmicos C57BL , Camundongos Endogâmicos DBA , Estresse Oxidativo/efeitos dos fármacos , Células Th1/efeitos dos fármacos , Células Th17/efeitos dos fármacos , Xantonas/isolamento & purificaçãoRESUMO
OBJETIVE: The impact of a control program is evaluated to eventually eradicate taeniasis-cysticercosis (Taenia solium) based on education and vaccination of pigs. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The prevalence of porcine cysticercosis was estimated using tongue inspection, ultrasound and determination of antibodies, before and three years after the application in three regions of the state of Guerrero. RESULTS: A significant reduction in the prevalence of porcine cysticercosis of 7 to 0.5% and 3.6 to 0.3% estimated by tongue examination or ultrasound respectively (p<0.01) and a no significant decrease in seroprevalence from 17.7 to 13.3% were observed. CONCLUSIONS: The reduction of the prevalence of taeniasis-cysticercosis establishes the program's effectiveness in preventing infection. The sustained presence of antibodies, compatible with contact of Taenia solium or other related helminths, underlines the importance of maintaining interventions to achieve eradication.
Assuntos
Educação em Saúde , Doenças dos Suínos/prevenção & controle , Doenças dos Suínos/parasitologia , Teníase/prevenção & controle , Teníase/veterinária , Vacinas , Animais , Cisticercose/prevenção & controle , Cisticercose/veterinária , Avaliação de Programas e Projetos de Saúde , SuínosRESUMO
Objetivo. Evaluar el impacto de un programa de control de la teniasis-cisticercosis por Taenia solium con fines de erradicación, basado en educación de la comunidad y vacunación de cerdos. Material y métodos. Se estimó la prevalencia de cisticercosis porcina por medio de la palpación de lengua, ultrasonido y presencia de anticuerpos en suero, antes de iniciar el programa y tres años después, en tres regiones del estado de Guerrero. Resultados. Se observó una reducción significativa en la prevalencia de cisticercosis porcina de 7 a 0.5% y de 3.6 a 0.3%, estimadas por examen de lengua y ultrasonido, respectivamente (p<0.01), y una disminución no significativa de la seroprevalencia de 17.7 a 13.3%. Conclusiones. La reducción de la prevalencia de teniasis-cisticercosis comprueba la efectividad del programa para prevenir la infección. La presencia sostenida de anticuerpos es compatible con continuos contactos con Taenia solium u otros helmintos relacionados, y señala la necesidad de mantener las intervenciones para lograr su erradicación.
Objetive. The impact of a control program is evaluated to eventually eradicate taeniasis-cysticercosis (Taenia solium) based on education and vaccination of pigs. Materials and methods. The prevalence of porcine cysticercosis was estimated using tongue inspection, ultrasound and determination of antibodies, before and three years after the application in three regions of the state of Guerrero. Results. A significant reduction in the prevalence of porcine cysticercosis of 7 to 0.5% and 3.6 to 0.3% estimated by tongue examination or ultrasound respectively (p<0.01) and a no significant decrease in seroprevalence from 17.7 to 13.3% were observed. Conclusions. The reduction of the prevalence of taeniasis-cysticercosis establishes the program's effectiveness in preventing infection. The sustained presence of antibodies, compatible with contact of Taenia solium or other related helminths, underlines the importance of maintaining interventions to achieve eradication.
Assuntos
Animais , Educação em Saúde , Doenças dos Suínos/parasitologia , Doenças dos Suínos/prevenção & controle , Teníase/prevenção & controle , Teníase/veterinária , Vacinas , Cisticercose/prevenção & controle , Cisticercose/veterinária , Avaliação de Programas e Projetos de Saúde , SuínosRESUMO
Small-scale family swine production can be seen in thousands of small communities and suburban zones; it is characterized by breeding rural pigs in rustic facilities with basic feed and productive parameters, well below those of technologically advanced farms, with mortality reaching up to 50% of the litter. This type of production involves a large number of producers and has a critical impact on family income. At slaughter, these carcasses have a high probability of being seized because of the presence of cysticercoids (T. solium), losing a high percentage of its economic value; due to absence of slaughterhouses in rural communities, this meat is directed to consumption without health inspection, increasing the risk of transmission of this zoonosis. This paper describes the productive and reproductive characteristics of the backyard production system of pigs in a rural community. Human to pig ratio was 3:1. During the year, 308 piglets were born in 43 litters, 51.7% males and 48.3% females, with an average weight of 40.47 kg at 6 months and 65.30 kg at 10 months. They were slaughtered at 7.3 months on average. The highest death rate was found between 0 and 1 month of age. In many rural communities of Mexico pigs are fed with waste generated in homes, helping maintain the communities clean, as well as with the excreta of other species that usually roam freely, situation that can promote dissemination of parasitic diseases.
La porcicultura familiar es una forma de producción que existe en miles de pequeñas comunidades y zonas conurbadas, caracterizada por la crianza de razas criollas en instalaciones rústicas, con alimentación básica y parámetros productivos inferiores a los de las granjas tecnificadas y una mortalidad hasta de 50% de la camada. Este tipo de producción involucra gran número de productores e impacta críticamente en el ingreso familiar. Al sacrificio, estas canales tienen una alta probabilidad de decomiso por la presencia de cisticercosis (T. solium), por lo que pierden un alto porcentaje de su valor económico; debido a la ausencia de rastros en comunidades rurales, esta carne se destina al consumo directo, sin inspección sanitaria, incrementando los riesgos de transmisión de esta zoonosis. En este trabajo se describen las características productivas y reproductivas del sistema de producción de cerdos en traspatio en una comunidad rural. La razón humano-cerdo fue de 3:1, durante el año se obtuvieron 43 camadas, con 308 lechones nacidos vivos, 51.7% machos y 48.3% hembras, con un peso promedio de 40.47 kg a los 6 meses y 65.30 kg a los 10 meses, siendo sacrificados a los 7.3 meses en promedio, los animales que tienen entre 0 y 1 mes de edad presentan la tasa más alta de mortalidad sin que sean sacrificados. En muchas comunidades rurales de México, se alimentan con desperdicios que se generan en las casas, así como las excretas de otras especies que por lo regular deambulan libremente, situación que puede generar enfermedades parasitarias.