RESUMO
This study applies natural resources, prioritizing recyclable and renewable inputs produced by pinhão cultivation, whose purpose is to use the failures, shells, and almonds as a source of bioactive compounds addition in yogurt, ensuring intelligent use of these natural resources. Thus, one açaí yogurt sample and eight yogurt formulations containing portions of pinhão byproducts between 5 % and 10 % were elaborated. These formulations were compared regarding their physicochemical, nutritional, functional properties, antimicrobial activity, and multi-elemental profile properties. Enriching açaí yogurt with pinhão byproducts does not significantly differ in protein, lipid, moisture, and mineral salt content between all samples with pinhão byproducts. Açaí yogurts enriched with pinhão byproducts had 5.71 to 26.07 % times total protein than the control sample, and total fiber also had a significant increase in samples ranging between 18.62 to 85.29 % times more than the control sample. Regarding color settings, all yogurt samples tended to be red-purple. A sample of açaí yogurt with pine nut flour and whole pine nut flour caused a biofilm mass amount of 46.58, 45.55, and 11.85 % for Listeria monocytogenes, Salmonella enteritidis and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The behavior of pathogenic bacteria is related to the total polyphenol content in yogurts enriched with pinhão byproducts, which increased from 8.27 to 18.24 mg/100 g. Yogurt with açaí enriched with whole pinhão flour showed high antioxidant capacity. The sample's antioxidant activity results increased by 47.62 % and 130.38 % in the ABTS and DPPH analyses, respectively. The compounds in pinhão failure nanosuspensions, pinhão flour, whole pinhão flour, and yogurts were identified and divided into hydrophilic and lipophilic classes. Five classes (amino acids, organic acids, sugars, phenols, and cyclitols) were identified as hydrophilic. Lipophilic compounds were identified and separated into six classes (carboxylic acids, diterpenes, alcohols, Α-hydroxy acids, sterols, and triterpenes). The addition of pinhão byproducts increased the contents of Ca, Fe, K, Na, and P. Açaí yogurt with pinhão nanosuspension, pinhão flour, and whole pinhão flour had the highest Ca content (2164.38 ± 2.16 µg/L). Açaí yogurt with pinhão flour and whole pinhão flour had the highest Fe content (84.02 ± 0.08 µg/L).
Assuntos
Valor Nutritivo , Iogurte , Iogurte/análise , Iogurte/microbiologia , Antioxidantes/análise , Pinus/química , Manipulação de Alimentos/métodos , Anti-Infecciosos/farmacologia , Anti-Infecciosos/análise , Microbiologia de Alimentos , Fibras na Dieta/análiseRESUMO
Lactic beverage (sample 1), with 70% of milk and 30% of cheese whey, and fermented milk (sample 2), with 100% of milk, added of Lactobacillus acidophilus La-5, Bifidobacterium Bb-12 and Streptococcus thermophilus, were evaluated about physico-chemical composition, enumeration of viable cells of probiotic bacteria and rheological measurements, in the temperatures of 2.0 ± 0.1 ºC; 4.0 ± 0.1 ºC; 6.0 ± 0.1 ºC and 8.0 ± 0.1 ºC. The whey addition resulted in lactic beverage with lesser contents (p 0.05) of total solids (18.08 ± 0.08% m/m), proteins (2,23 ± 0.10% m/m), lipids (1.91 ± 0.02% m/m) and caloric value (79.27 ± 0.37 Kcal/ 100 g), when compared with those presented in fermented milk, respectively. While, the contents of ashes, carbohydrates, the acidity and pH of the lactic beverage and fermented milk werent different (p > 0.05). According to Brazilian legislation the lactic beverage and fermented milk were considered probiotic (> 106 CFU/mL). The two samples (1 and 2) had behaved as pseudoplastic fluids, confirming the non- Newtonian behavior and had presented thixotropy. The values for the activation energy were equal to 1.89 Kcal.mol-1, for the lactic beverage, and 1.84 Kcal.mol-1, for the fermented milk, indicating that the activation energy was not influenced by the amount of whey used, as well as the temperature also did not influence on the apparent viscosi
Bebida láctea (amostra 1), com 70 % de leite e 30 % de soro de queijo, e leite fermentado (amostra 2), com 100% de leite, adicionados de Lactobacillus acidophilus La-5, Bifidobacterium Bb-12 e Streptococcus thermophilus, foram avaliados quanto à composição físico-química, contagem de células viáveis de bactérias probióticas e medidas reológicas, nas temperaturas de 2,0 ± 0,1ºC; 4,0 ± 0,1 ºC; 6,0 ± 0,1 ºC e 8,0± 0,1 ºC. A adição de soro resultou em uma bebida láctea com menores teores (p 0,05) de sólidos totais (18,08 ± 0,08 % m/m), proteínas (2,23 ± 0,10 % m/m), lipídios (1,91 ± 0,02 % m/m) e valor calórico (79,27 ± 0,37 Kcal/100 g), quando comparados aos teores apresentados no leite fermentado, respectivamente iguais a 19,44 ± 0,02 % m/m; 2,80 ± 0,23 % m/m; 3,03 ± 0,08 % m/m e 90,47 ± 0,53 Kcal/100 g. Já, os teores de cinzas, carboidratos, acidez e pH da bebida láctea e do leite fermentado não diferiram (p > 0,05). De acordo com a legislação brasileira, a bebida láctea e o leite fermentado foram considerados probióticos (> 106 UFC/mL). As duas amostras (1 e 2) comportaram-se como fluidos pseudoplásticos, confirmando o comportamento não-Newtoniano e apresentaram tixotropia. Os valores para a energia de ativação foram iguais a 1,89 Kcal.mol-1, para a bebida láctea, e 1,84 Kcal.mol-1, para o leite fermentado, indicando que a energia de ativação não foi influenciada pel
RESUMO
Lactic beverage (sample 1), with 70% of milk and 30% of cheese whey, and fermented milk (sample 2), with 100% of milk, added of Lactobacillus acidophilus La-5, Bifidobacterium Bb-12 and Streptococcus thermophilus, were evaluated about physico-chemical composition, enumeration of viable cells of probiotic bacteria and rheological measurements, in the temperatures of 2.0 ± 0.1 ºC; 4.0 ± 0.1 ºC; 6.0 ± 0.1 ºC and 8.0 ± 0.1 ºC. The whey addition resulted in lactic beverage with lesser contents (p 0.05) of total solids (18.08 ± 0.08% m/m), proteins (2,23 ± 0.10% m/m), lipids (1.91 ± 0.02% m/m) and caloric value (79.27 ± 0.37 Kcal/ 100 g), when compared with those presented in fermented milk, respectively. While, the contents of ashes, carbohydrates, the acidity and pH of the lactic beverage and fermented milk werent different (p > 0.05). According to Brazilian legislation the lactic beverage and fermented milk were considered probiotic (> 106 CFU/mL). The two samples (1 and 2) had behaved as pseudoplastic fluids, confirming the non- Newtonian behavior and had presented thixotropy. The values for the activation energy were equal to 1.89 Kcal.mol-1, for the lactic beverage, and 1.84 Kcal.mol-1, for the fermented milk, indicating that the activation energy was not influenced by the amount of whey used, as well as the temperature also did not influence on the apparent viscosi
Bebida láctea (amostra 1), com 70 % de leite e 30 % de soro de queijo, e leite fermentado (amostra 2), com 100% de leite, adicionados de Lactobacillus acidophilus La-5, Bifidobacterium Bb-12 e Streptococcus thermophilus, foram avaliados quanto à composição físico-química, contagem de células viáveis de bactérias probióticas e medidas reológicas, nas temperaturas de 2,0 ± 0,1ºC; 4,0 ± 0,1 ºC; 6,0 ± 0,1 ºC e 8,0± 0,1 ºC. A adição de soro resultou em uma bebida láctea com menores teores (p 0,05) de sólidos totais (18,08 ± 0,08 % m/m), proteínas (2,23 ± 0,10 % m/m), lipídios (1,91 ± 0,02 % m/m) e valor calórico (79,27 ± 0,37 Kcal/100 g), quando comparados aos teores apresentados no leite fermentado, respectivamente iguais a 19,44 ± 0,02 % m/m; 2,80 ± 0,23 % m/m; 3,03 ± 0,08 % m/m e 90,47 ± 0,53 Kcal/100 g. Já, os teores de cinzas, carboidratos, acidez e pH da bebida láctea e do leite fermentado não diferiram (p > 0,05). De acordo com a legislação brasileira, a bebida láctea e o leite fermentado foram considerados probióticos (> 106 UFC/mL). As duas amostras (1 e 2) comportaram-se como fluidos pseudoplásticos, confirmando o comportamento não-Newtoniano e apresentaram tixotropia. Os valores para a energia de ativação foram iguais a 1,89 Kcal.mol-1, para a bebida láctea, e 1,84 Kcal.mol-1, para o leite fermentado, indicando que a energia de ativação não foi influenciada pel
RESUMO
The objective of this work was to evaluate sensory and economically formulations obtained from of goat powder milk, vegetable fat and strawberry aroma. At least of twenty seven formulations listed in an experimental design, were choiced three best formulations, that they also were elaborated in triplicate to the powder goat milk and pasteurized goat milk. Finally it was choiced the best formulation. The final and the best ice-cream had the following formulation: 80 g of vegetable fat, 0.80 L of goat milk (powder reconstituted or pasteurized milk) and 0.12 g of strawberry aroma. These formulations shown Acceptability Index (AI) of 87.1 % to ice-cream elaborated with powder milk and 84.3 % to pasteurized milk. Considering just the last and the best AI formulation, it were realized the cost analysis of ice-creams. The price icecream with powder goat milk was equally to R$ 3.15 per liter, while with pasteurized milk was price per liter was equally to 2.68 per liter.
O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar sensorial e economicamente formulações de sorvetes obtidos a partir do uso de leite de cabra em pó ou pasteurizado, gordura vegetal hidrogenada e aroma de morango. De vinte e sete formulações inicialmente previstas em um delineamento experimental, utilizando leite de cabra em pó, foram escolhidas as três melhores formulações. Estas três formulações foram avaliadas sensorialmente em três repetições utilizando leite de cabra em pó e três repetições utilizando o leite de cabra pasteurizado. Tanto para o leite em pó quanto para o pasteurizado as formulações escolhidas pelos julgadores foram as elaboradas com as seguintes variáveis: 80 g de gordura vegetal hidrogenada, 0,80 litros de leite de cabra (pó reconstituído ou pasteurizado) e 0,12 g de aroma de morango. Estas formulações apresentaram Índice de aceitabilidade de 87,1 % para o sorvete elaborado com leite de cabra em pó e 84,3 % para o leite de cabra pasteurizado. Foram realizadas as análises de custo, considerandose apenas os ingredientes da formulação com maior IA, que resultaram num custo de R$ 3,15 por litro e R$ 2,68 para o sorvete de leite de cabra em pó e para o sorvete de leite de cabra pasteurizado, respectivamente.