RESUMO
Glucocorticoids play an important role in adipogenesis through the glucocorticoid receptor (GR) that forms a heterocomplex with Hsp90â¢Hsp70 and one high molecular weight immunophilin, either FKBP51 or FKBP52. When 3T3-L1 preadipocytes are induced to differentiate, FKBP51 expression progressively increases, whereas FKBP52 decreases, and Hsp90, Hsp70, p23 and Cyp40 remain unchanged. Interestingly, FKBP51 rapidly translocates from mitochondria to the nucleus where it is retained upon its interaction with chromatin and the nuclear matrix. FKBP51 nuclear localization is transient, and after 48 hours it cycles back to mitochondria. Importantly, this dynamic FKBP51 mitochondrial-nuclear shuttling depends on PKA signaling, because its inhibition by PKI or knockdown of PKA-cα by siRNA, prevented FKBP51 nuclear translocation induced by IBMX. In addition, the electrophoretic pattern of migration of FKBP51 is altered by treatment of cells with PKI or knockdown of PKA-cα, suggesting that FKBP51 is a PKA substrate. In preadipocytes, FKBP51 colocalizes with PKA-cα in mitochondria. When adipogenesis is triggered, PKA-cα also moves to the nucleus colocalizing with FKBP51 mainly in the nuclear lamina. Moreover, FKBP51 and GR interaction increases when preadipocytes are induced to differentiate. GR transcriptional capacity is reduced when cells are incubated in the presence of IBMX, forskolin or dibutyryl-cAMP, compounds that induced FKBP51 nuclear translocation, but not by a specific activator of EPAC. FKBP51 knockdown facilitates adipogenesis, whereas ectopic expression of FKBP51 blocks adipogenesis. These findings indicate that the dynamic mitochondrial-nuclear shuttling of FKBP51 regulated by PKA may be key in fine-tuning the transcriptional control of GR target genes required for the acquisition of adipocyte phenotype.
Assuntos
Núcleo Celular/metabolismo , Proteínas Quinases Dependentes de AMP Cíclico/genética , Regulação da Expressão Gênica , Mitocôndrias/metabolismo , Receptores de Glucocorticoides/genética , Proteínas de Ligação a Tacrolimo/genética , 1-Metil-3-Isobutilxantina/farmacologia , Células 3T3-L1 , Adipogenia/genética , Animais , Diferenciação Celular/efeitos dos fármacos , Núcleo Celular/efeitos dos fármacos , Cromatina/efeitos dos fármacos , Cromatina/metabolismo , Colforsina/farmacologia , Proteínas Quinases Dependentes de AMP Cíclico/antagonistas & inibidores , Proteínas Quinases Dependentes de AMP Cíclico/metabolismo , Proteínas de Choque Térmico HSP70/genética , Proteínas de Choque Térmico HSP70/metabolismo , Proteínas de Choque Térmico HSP90/genética , Proteínas de Choque Térmico HSP90/metabolismo , Camundongos , Mitocôndrias/efeitos dos fármacos , Peptídeos/farmacologia , Ligação Proteica , Proteína Quinase C-alfa/genética , Proteína Quinase C-alfa/metabolismo , Inibidores de Proteínas Quinases/farmacologia , Transporte Proteico , RNA Interferente Pequeno/genética , RNA Interferente Pequeno/metabolismo , Receptores de Glucocorticoides/metabolismo , Transdução de Sinais , Proteínas de Ligação a Tacrolimo/metabolismoRESUMO
How the co-ordinated events of gene activation and silencing during cellular differentiation are influenced by spatial organization of the cell nucleus is still poorly understood. Little is known about the molecular mechanisms controlling subnuclear distribution of transcription factors, and their interplay with nuclear proteins that shape chromatin structure. Here we show that C/EBPß not only associates with pericentromeric heterochromatin but also interacts with the nucleoskeleton upon induction of adipocyte differentiation of 3T3-L1 cells. Different C/EBPß dimers localize in different nuclear domains. Using BiFC in living cells, we show that LAP (Liver Activating Protein) homodimers localize in euchromatin and heterochromatin. In contrast, LIP (Liver Inhibitory Protein) homodimers localize exclusively in heterochromatin. Importantly, their differential subnuclear distribution mirrors the site for interaction with HP1α. HP1α inhibits LAP transcriptional capacity and occupies the promoter of the C/EBPß-dependent gene c/ebpα in 3T3-L1 preadipocytes. When adipogenesis is induced, HP1α binding decreases from c/ebpα promoter, allowing transcription. Thus, the equilibrium among different pools of C/EBPß associated with chromatin or nucleoskeleton, and dynamic changes in their interaction with HP1α, play key roles in the regulation of C/EBP target genes during adipogenesis.