RESUMO
The wild South American camelids developed a strategy of seasonal reproduction during spring and summer with singleton birth. The photoperiod is one of the factors that may modulate this seasonality where light would be translated into a hormonal signal. This study evaluated the influence of changes in daily light intensity on melatonin concentration in captive guanacos under a long-day photoperiod (16 hr light/8 hr dark; 33 '28'S). Mean melatonin concentration was 28.3 ± 20.3 pg/ml, with a maximum of 52.14 ± 17.19 pg/ml at 23:30 and minimum of 14.29 ± 6.64 pg/ml at 08:30 (p < .001). There was a negative association between light intensity and melatonin concentration (r = -0.57; p < .001). The results indicate that guanacos respond to variation in daily environmental light with a hormonal response and point to a circannual rhythm as a function of the photoperiod.
Assuntos
Camelídeos Americanos/fisiologia , Melatonina/metabolismo , Luz Solar , Animais , Chile , Ritmo Circadiano/fisiologia , Feminino , Fotoperíodo , Estações do AnoRESUMO
This study evaluated ovarian activity in late gestation and post-partum in guanacos in captivity. Follicular dynamics was monitored every second day from 40 days before and other 40 after delivery by transrectal sonography and by plasma steroids concentrations. Seven out of eight (87.5%) of gestating females presented ovarian follicular activity under progesterone levels >3 nmol/l with maximum follicular size of 8.42 ± 0.83 mm from days 23 to 1 before delivery. After delivery, all females have follicular wave development from day 0 to 38, with larger follicular size and longer follicular wave phases and interwave interval when compared with pre-partum data. During post-partum period, there was a close relationship between follicle size and estradiol-17ß concentration, with r = 0.69 at the beginning of growth phase and r = 0.86 in association with the largest dominant follicle. Plasma estradiol-17ß concentration varied from 11.92 to 198.55 pmol/l. Plasma estrone sulfate, free estrone and progesterone returned to baseline concentrations during peripartal period and remained basal thereafter. The results described follicular activity during late gestation and early post-partum period. These findings provide relevant information to understand physiological changes occurring during this reproductive key period in seasonal breeders with long gestation duration as New and Old World camelids.
Assuntos
Camelídeos Americanos/fisiologia , Idade Gestacional , Folículo Ovariano/fisiologia , Animais , Estradiol/sangue , Estrona/análogos & derivados , Estrona/sangue , Feminino , Folículo Ovariano/diagnóstico por imagem , Período Pós-Parto , Gravidez , Progesterona/sangue , UltrassonografiaRESUMO
Aims: We report the results of the first-in-man evaluation of the BioFreedom (BF)Biolimus A9 (BA9) coated stent (Biosensors Int., Singapore), available in 2different formulations: standard dose (SD: 15.6 μg/mm) and low dose (LD: 7.8μg/mm).Methods and results: A total of 182 pts w/ single lesion were included in theprospective, multicenter (4 sites in Germany), randomised (1:1:1 ratio)BIOFREEDOM trial. Pts were treated with the BF-SD (n=60), BF-LD (n=62) vs.Taxus paclitaxel-eluting stents (PES) (n=60). Lesion criteria were native vessels2.25-3.0 mm in diameter, and <14 mm in length. Overall, pts were divided into 2cohorts w/ similar randomisation ratio: 1st cohort (n=75), enrolled Sep/08-Jan/09(angiographic FU at 4-month); and 2 cohort (n=107), enrolled Jan-Jun/09(angiographic FU at 12-month). Primary endpoint was in-stent late lumen loss(LLL) (non-inferiority, margin=0.24 mm) at 12-month FU (2nd cohort). Baselineclinical/angiographic characteristics were comparable among the 3 groups; 38% oflesions were located in LAD, and all pts achieved angiographic success. At4-month FU (1 cohort), QCA results showed significant decrease in in-stent LLL w/BF-SD and BF-LD vs. PES: 0.08 and 0.12 vs. 0.37mm (p<0.0001 for BF-SD vs.PES; p=0.002 for BF-LD vs. PES); at 12-month, similar results were foundincluding in-stent LLL of 0.17 and 0.22 vs. 0.35 mm for BF-SD and BF-LD vs. PES(p=0.001 for BF-SD vs. PES; p=0.21 for BF-LD vs. PES p values fornon-inferiority). In addition, the rates of major adverse cardiac events at 12-monthfollow-up were 6.1% in BF-SD, 11.6% in BF-LD, and 5.5% in PES, including targetlesion revascularisation rates of 1.8%, 10% and 5.5% for BF-SD, BF-LD andPES, respectively. Importantly, there were neither death nor stent thrombosis(ARC) up to 12 months.Conclusions: The novel BF polymer-free BA9-coated stents showed excellentacute results, and sustained safety and efficacy through 12-month FU.
Assuntos
Angiografia , Revascularização Miocárdica , StentsRESUMO
Introducción: Una de las complicaciones de la orquiepidédimitis (OE) aguda al largo plazo es la infertilidad secundaria a la atrofia testicular y el deterioro de la espermatogénesis. Los mecanismos fisiopatológicas exactos a través de los cuales la infección deteriora la espermatogénesis aún no están claros. Objetivo: Evaluar el impacto de la OE por Escherichia coli uropatógena (ECUP) sobre parámetros específicos de la espermatogénesis y esteroidogénesis. Materiales y método: El estudio incluyó 40 ratas Wistar macho. Post anestesia general se realizó una incisión escrotal media con posterior exposición de ambos epidídimos y conductos deferentes. Mediante la punción con una aguja 27G en el conducto deferente a un centímetro del epidídimo se inyectaron 50 ul de suspensión ECUP (10x6 UFC/ml) (grupo infectados) o suero fisiológico (grupo control). Las ratas fueron divididas en 4 grupos de 10 animales cada uno: el primer grupo infectado (n= 10) y control (n= 10) fue sacrificado a los 7 días y el segundo grupo infectado (n= 10) y control (n= 10) fue sacrificado a los 30 días post inoculación. Resultados: Respecto de los controles los animales infectados tuvieron menor (p< 0,05): concentración espermática (promedio +/- ds: 7 días = 100,2 +/- 56,8 vs 249,8 +/- 111,6; 30 días= 20,7 +/- 38,3 vs 75,3 +/- 98,7 millones/grm tejido en cola epidídimo); y mayor (p< 0,05): (i) degeneración del epitelio germinal e infiltración celular inflamatoria a los 30 días, y (ii) número de células espermatogénicas apoptóticas (índice apoptótico)detectadas por prueba de TUNEL a los 7 y a los 30 días. El ensayo inmunohistoquímico antivimentina reveló que las células apoptóticas dentro de los túbulos seminíferos fueron casi exclusivamente células germinales y no de Sertoli. No se observaron diferencias significativas en los niveles plasmáticos de testosterona entre el grupo infectado y control a los siete y treinta días de ser inyectados. Conclusiones: La OE aguda provocada...
Introduction: In the long term, one of the complications of epidydimo-orchitis (EO) is infertility due to testicular atrophy. The exact pathophisiologic mechanisms for impairment of spermatogenesis are not clear Objective: To evaluate the impact of infection by uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC) on spermatogenesis and stereoidogenesis. Materials and method: The study included 40 Wistar male rats. Under general anesthesia a mid scrotal incision was performed. Both epidydimis and vas deferens were exposed. Using a 27G needle, 50 ul of either UPEC suspension (10x6 CFU/ml) or saline were injected. Rats were divided into 4 groups: the first study group (n =10) and controls ( n=10) were sacrificed at 7 days; the second study group (n =10) and controls (n =10) were sacrificed at 30 days post inoculation.Results: Compared to controls, infected animals had lower sperm concentration (p <0.05). The average +/- SD at 7 days was 100.2 +/- 56.8 vs 249.8 +/- 111.6 millions/gram of tissue from the tail of the epidydimis. At 30 days the results were 20.7 +/- 38.3 vs 75.3 +/- 98.7. The study group had more degeneration of germinal epithelium and inflammation at 30 days. The apoptotic index studied by TUNEL test at 7 and 30 days was higher. Immunohistochemistry with anti vimentin antibodies revealed that the apoptotic cells within seminifirous tubules were almost exclusively germ cells and not Sertoli cells. No significant differences on testosterone plasma levels between the study and control groups were found at 7 or 30 days post injection. Conclusions: Acute EO caused by retrograde inoculation of UPEC in rats generates a significant decrease in sperm concentration. This effect is secondary between others to an impairment of sperm activity at the seminiferous tubules generated by an increased apoptotic index of the sperm cells. The effect of EO on testosterone production seems irrelevant in the clinical setting.
Assuntos
Animais , Masculino , Ratos , Epididimite/complicações , Escherichia coli , Espermatogênese , Orquite/complicações , TestosteronaRESUMO
El presente trabajo tuvo por objetivo multiplicar y mantener in vitro plantas de Tabebuia rosea y de Cordia alliodora, a partir de semillas de cinco árboles plus de la primera especie y uno de la segunda. A partir de este material se seleccionaron plantas núcleo (PN), Yemas apicales de las plantas núcleo obtenidas, fueron removidas y cultivadas bajo condiciones in vitro hasta producir 1480 plantas de las dos especies. El proceso de aclimatización del material vegetal se llevó a cabo bajo condiciones de invernadero, en cámaras húmedas ubicadas en la estación experimental "Bambusa" en Pacho, Cundinamarca. Para el manejo de la información, se diseñó una base de datos en el programa Access, Microsoft Office®, con el fin de monitorear y evaluar el comportamiento de cada uno de los individuos durante el desarrollo in vitro, por medio del cálculo de tasas de velocidad de multiplicación (TVM), tasa de pérdida (TP) y tasa de eficiencia del proceso (TE). Este material será entregado a Conif para el establecimiento de la primera plantación de origen in vitro, que será utilizada posteriormente para ensayos de propagación vegetativa, análisis de pruebas clonales y moleculares.
This work was aimed at multiplying and maintaining in vitro plants from seedlings from five Tabebuia rosea (large spreading cedar tree) from and one Cordia alliodora (walnut tree used for providing shade for coffee plantations). Apical leaf buds were excised from mother plants (MP) and cultured in vitro until 1480 plants had been produced from the two species. The hardening process was carried out in greenhouse conditions using humid flow-chambers at Geoambiente Ltdas Bambusa experimental station in Pacho, Cundinamarca. A database was created using Microsoft Office Access software for handling information required for monitoring and evaluating each plants behaviour during the in vitro culture process by calculating the rates of multiplication (RM) and loss(RL). The plants so produced will be used by Conif for field trials and evaluation purposes. This material will then be multiplied by vegetative propagation and used for clone and molecular testing analysis.
Assuntos
Cordia , Conservação dos Recursos Naturais/classificação , Conservação dos Recursos Naturais/métodos , Tabebuia/classificação , Tabebuia/crescimento & desenvolvimentoRESUMO
The need for repeated treatment of restenosis treated vessels remains the main limitation of percutaneous coronary revascularization. Because sirolimus (rapamycin) inhibits the proliferation of lymphocytes and smooth-muscle cells, we compared a sirolimus-eluting stent with a standard uncoated stents in patients with angina pectoris..
Assuntos
Sirolimo/administração & dosagem , Sirolimo/farmacologia , Sirolimo/uso terapêutico , Stents/estatística & dados numéricos , Stents/tendências , Revascularização Miocárdica/métodosRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Our aims were to compare coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) and stenting for the treatment of diabetic patients with multivessel coronary disease enrolled in the Arterial Revascularization Therapy Study (ARTS) trial and to determine the costs of these 2 treatment strategies. METHODS AND RESULTS: Patients (n=1205) were randomly assigned to stent implantation (n=600; diabetic, 112) or CABG (n=605; diabetic, 96). Costs per patient were calculated as the product of each patient's use of resources and the corresponding unit costs. Baseline characteristics were similar between the groups. At 1 year, diabetic patients treated with stenting had the lowest event-free survival rate (63.4%) because of a higher incidence of repeat revascularization compared with both diabetic patients treated with CABG (84.4%, P<0.001) and nondiabetic patients treated with stents (76.2%, P=0.04). Conversely, diabetic and nondiabetic patients experienced similar 1-year event-free survival rates when treated with CABG (84.4% and 88.4%). The total 1-year costs for stenting and CABG in diabetic patients were $12 855 and $16 585 (P<0.001) and in the nondiabetic groups, $10 164 for stenting and $13 082 for surgery. CONCLUSIONS: Multivessel diabetic patients treated with stenting had a worse 1-year outcome than patients assigned to CABG or nondiabetics treated with stenting. The strategy of stenting was less costly than CABG, however, regardless of diabetic status.