RESUMO
The regulation of metastasis-related cellular aspects of two structurally similar AGIs from prunes tea infusion, with different molar masses, was studied in vitro against Triple Wild-Type metastatic melanoma (TWM) from murine and human origin. The higher molar mass AGI (AGI-78KDa) induced TWMs cells death and, in murine cell line, it decreased some metastasis-related cellular processes: invasiveness capacity, cell-extracellular matrix interaction, and colonies sizes. The lower molar mass AGI (AGI-12KDa) did not induce cell death but decreased TWMs proliferation rate and, in murine cell line, it decreased cell adhesion and colonies sizes. Both AGIs alter the clonogenic capacity of human cell line. In spite to understand why we saw so many differences between AGIs effects on murine and human cell lines we performed in silico analysis that demonstrated differential gene expression profiles between them. Complementary network topological predictions suggested that AGIs can modulate multiple pathways in a specie-dependent manner, which explain differential results obtained in vitro between cell lines. Our results pointed to therapeutic potential of AGIs from prunes tea against TWMs and showed that molecular weight of AGIs may influence their antitumor effects.
Assuntos
Galactanos , Melanoma , Humanos , Camundongos , Animais , Melanoma/tratamento farmacológico , Melanoma/genética , Melanoma/metabolismo , Peso Molecular , Chá , Linhagem Celular TumoralRESUMO
Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a chronic inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) of the gastrointestinal tract. The etiology is not fully understood, but environmental, microbial, and immunologic factors, as well as a genetic predisposition, play a role. UC is characterized by episodes of abdominal pain, diarrhea, bloody stools, weight loss, severe colonic inflammation, and ulceration. Despite the increase in the frequency of UC and the deterioration of the quality of life, there are still patients who do not respond well to available treatment options. Against this background, natural products such as polysaccharides are becoming increasingly important as they protect the intestinal mucosa, promote wound healing, relieve inflammation and pain, and restore intestinal motility. In this study, we investigated the effect of a polysaccharide isolated from the biomass of Campomanesia adamantium and Campomanesia pubescens (here referred to as CPW) in an experimental model of acute and chronic ulcerative colitis induced by dextran sulfate sodium (DSS). CPW reversed weight loss, increased disease activity index (DAI), bloody diarrhea, and colon shortening. In addition, CPW reduced visceral mechanical hypersensitivity, controlled oxidative stress and inflammation, and protected the mucosal barrier. CPW is not absorbed in the intestine, does not inhibit cytochrome P450 proteins, and does not exhibit AMES toxicity. These results suggest that CPW attenuates DSS-induced acute and chronic colitis in mice and may be a potential alternative treatment for UC.
Assuntos
Colite Ulcerativa , Humanos , Animais , Camundongos , Colite Ulcerativa/induzido quimicamente , Colite Ulcerativa/tratamento farmacológico , Qualidade de Vida , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Inflamação , Redução de Peso , DiarreiaRESUMO
Gastrointestinal toxicity, including diarrhea and inflammation, is commonly observed with the use of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU). Several studies have shown that polysaccharides are interesting bioactive macromolecules for the treatment or prevention of gastrointestinal diseases. Therefore, in this study, the effect of a polysaccharide fraction from a mixture of two Guavira species (Campomanesia adamantium and Campomanesia pubescens), referred to here as CPW, on the development of intestinal mucositis was investigated. Intestinal mucositis was induced by a single injection of 5-FU (450 mg/kg), and various doses of CPW (3-100 mg/kg) were tested. CPW attenuated disease development and prevented small bowel dysmotility and colon shortening. CPW prevented the increase in villi width, crypt depth, and mucosal thickness in the duodenum, but not in the colon. Preservation of mucus, reduction of oxidative stress, inflammation, and prevention of the 5-FU-induced enlargement and swelling of the spleen were observed. In conclusion, this study demonstrated for the first time that CPW alleviates the intestinal damage induced by 5-FU and could be used as an adjuvant strategy during chemotherapy.
Assuntos
Fluoruracila , Mucosite , Camundongos , Animais , Fluoruracila/toxicidade , Mucosite/induzido quimicamente , Mucosite/tratamento farmacológico , Mucosite/prevenção & controle , Antimetabólitos Antineoplásicos/toxicidade , Mucosa Intestinal , Inflamação/induzido quimicamente , Inflamação/tratamento farmacológico , Polissacarídeos/farmacologiaRESUMO
Liquidambar styraciflua L. is an aromatic species, popularly used in traditional Chinese medicine to treat diarrhea, dysentery, coughs, and skin sores. The present study was designed to investigate the chemical composition and biological potential of extracts obtained from the fruits of this plant. For the chemical evaluation, it was used mainly liquid and gas chromatography, plus NMR, and colorimetric methods. The aqueous extract (EA) originated two other fractions: an aqueous (P-EA) and an ethanolic (S-EA). The three extracts were composed of proteins, phenolic compounds, and carbohydrates in different proportions. The analyses showed that the polysaccharide extract (P-EA) contained pectic polysaccharides, such as acetylated and methyl esterified homogalacturonans together with arabinogalactan, while the fraction S-EA presented phenolic acids and terpenes such as gallic acid, protocathecuic acid, liquidambaric acid, combretastatin, and atractyloside A. EA, P-EA, and S-EA showed antioxidant activity, with IC50 values of 4.64 µg/mL, 16.45 µg/mL, and 3.67 µg/mL, respectively. The cytotoxicity followed the sequence S-EA > EA > P-EA, demonstrating that the toxic compounds were separated from the non-toxic ones by ethanol precipitation. While the fraction S-EA is very toxic to any cell line, the fraction P-EA is a promising candidate for studies against cancer due to its high toxicity to tumoral cells and low toxicity to normal cells.
Assuntos
Antineoplásicos , Liquidambar , Frutas , Extratos Vegetais/farmacologia , Extratos Vegetais/química , Liquidambar/química , Antioxidantes/farmacologia , Antioxidantes/química , Antineoplásicos/farmacologiaRESUMO
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) includes two distinct diseases: Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC). IBD is a chronic systemic disease of the gastrointestinal tract, characterized by an inflammatory process. The mechanisms by which diseases develop are still unknown, but it is known that it results from a complex interaction between genetic variability, the host's immune system, and environmental factors. One of the main complaints of patients is abdominal pain, which may be associated with the release of inflammatory mediators, changes in the normal motility of the digestive tract, and increased intestinal permeability. Currently available drugs for abdominal pain are not satisfactory, therefore, it is extremely necessary to seek new therapeutic options for the treatment of abdominal pain. Polysaccharides extracted from fruits have attracted interest, as these molecules protect the intestinal mucosa and promote wound healing, attenuating inflammation, pain, and altered intestinal motility. In this study, we investigated the ability of pectic polysaccharides obtained from guavira pomace, named CPW to reduce visceral hypersensitivity, regulate intestinal motility, and control diarrhea in mice. Acetic acid, capsaicin, or mustard oil were used to assess visceral pain in normal mice. CPW reduced abdominal writhing, cell migration, and capsaicin-induced visceral nociception. Furthermore, it regulated intestinal motility and all measured parameters of castor oil-induced diarrhea. CPW treatment reversed the increase in mucosal permeability, TEER, and tissue weight caused by acetic acid. In addition, molecular docking analysis showed that specific the CPW units binds to the 3N8V, 5COX, 2J67 and 6RBF proteins. Thus, the results suggest that CPW has attractive therapeutic characteristics for the treatment of abdominal pain and ulcerative colitis.
Assuntos
Colite Ulcerativa , Doenças Inflamatórias Intestinais , Dor Abdominal/tratamento farmacológico , Animais , Capsaicina , Colite Ulcerativa/tratamento farmacológico , Diarreia , Carboidratos da Dieta , Frutas , Humanos , Camundongos , Simulação de Acoplamento Molecular , Polissacarídeos/farmacologiaRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Sugarcane is a crop of global importance and has been expanding to areas with soils containing high levels of exchangeable aluminum (Al), which is a limiting factor for crop development in acidic soils. The study of the sugarcane physiological and nutritional behavior together with patterns of gene expression in response to Al stress may provide a basis for effective strategies to increase crop productivity in acidic soils. METHODS: Sugarcane cultivars were evaluated for physiological parameters (photosynthesis, stomatal conductance, and transpiration), nutrient (N, P, K, Ca, Mg, and S) and Al contents in leaves and roots and gene expression, of the genes MDH, SDH by qPCR, both related to the production of organic acids, and SOD, related to oxidative stress. RESULTS: Brazilian sugarcane RB867515, RB928064, and RB935744 cultivars exhibited very different responses to induced stress by Al. Exposure to Al caused up-regulation (SOD and MDH) or down-regulation (SDH, MDH, and SOD), depending on the cultivar, Al level, and plant tissue. The RB867515 cultivar was the most Al-tolerant, showing no decline of nutrient content in plant tissue, photosynthesis, transpiration, and stomatal conductance after exposure to Al; it exhibited the highest Al content in the roots, and showed important MDH and SOD gene expression in the roots. RB928064 only showed low expression of SOD in roots and leaves, while RB935744 showed important expression of the SOD gene only in the leaves. Sugarcane cultivars were classified in the following descending Al-tolerance order: RB867515 > RB928064 = RB935744. These results may contribute to the obtention of Al-tolerant cultivars that can play their genetic potential in soils of low fertility and with low demand for agricultural inputs; the selection of potential plants for breeding programs; the elucidation of Al detoxification mechanisms employed by sugarcane cultivars.
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Resumen La transmisión vertical de la infección por Toxoplasma gondii ocurre cuando la madre se infecta por primera vez en el transcurso del embarazo. El diagnóstico de la infección materna y la del re cién nacido se logra con el conjunto de pruebas serológicas, hallazgos clínicos y ecográficos. El reconocimiento temprano de la infección materna permite un tratamiento que reduce la tasa de transmisión y el riesgo de daño en el producto de la concepción. El objetivo de este consenso de expertos fue revisar la literatura científica para actualizar las recomendaciones de práctica clínica respecto de la prevención, el diagnóstico y el tratamiento de la toxoplasmosis congénita en nuestro país.
Abstract Mother-to-child transmission in Toxoplasma gondii infection occurs only when the infection is acquired for the first time during pregnancy. Diag nosis of maternal infection and the newborn is achieved by a combination of serological tests, clinical features and ultrasound images. An early diagnosis of maternal infection allows treatment that offers a reduction both in transmission rate and risk of congenital damage. The aim of this expert consensus was to review the scientific literature which would enable an update of the clinical practice guideline of prevention, diagnosis and treatment of congenital toxoplasmosis in our country.
Assuntos
Humanos , Feminino , Gravidez , Recém-Nascido , Criança , Toxoplasma , Toxoplasmose , Toxoplasmose Congênita/diagnóstico , Toxoplasmose Congênita/prevenção & controle , Toxoplasmose Congênita/tratamento farmacológico , Complicações Parasitárias na Gravidez , Transmissão Vertical de Doenças Infecciosas/prevenção & controle , Consenso , AnamneseRESUMO
Mother-to-child transmission in Toxoplasma gondii infection occurs only when the infection is acquired for the first time during pregnancy. Diagnosis of maternal infection and the newborn is achieved by a combination of serological tests, clinical features and ultrasound images. An early diagnosis of maternal infection allows treatment that offers a reduction both in transmission rate and risk of congenital damage. The aim of this expert consensus was to review the scientific literature which would enable an update of the clinical practice guideline of prevention, diagnosis and treatment of congenital toxoplasmosis in our country.
La transmisión vertical de la infección por Toxoplasma gondii ocurre cuando la madre se infecta por primera vez en el transcurso del embarazo. El diagnóstico de la infección materna y la del recién nacido se logra con el conjunto de pruebas serológicas, hallazgos clínicos y ecográficos. El reconocimiento temprano de la infección materna permite un tratamiento que reduce la tasa de transmisión y el riesgo de daño en el producto de la concepción. El objetivo de este consenso de expertos fue revisar la literatura científica para actualizar las recomendaciones de práctica clínica respecto de la prevención, el diagnóstico y el tratamiento de la toxoplasmosis congénita en nuestro país.
Assuntos
Complicações Parasitárias na Gravidez , Toxoplasma , Toxoplasmose Congênita , Toxoplasmose , Criança , Consenso , Feminino , Humanos , Recém-Nascido , Transmissão Vertical de Doenças Infecciosas/prevenção & controle , Anamnese , Gravidez , Toxoplasmose Congênita/diagnóstico , Toxoplasmose Congênita/tratamento farmacológico , Toxoplasmose Congênita/prevenção & controleRESUMO
Huanglongbing (HLB) is a devastating citrus disease associated with Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus (CLas) and is transmitted by the psyllid Diaphorina citri Kuwayama. Diaphorina citri belongs to Hemiptera order, which has cysteine peptidases as the most abundant proteolytic enzymes present in digestive tract. As cysteine peptidases are involved in different insect development processes, this class of enzymes has acquired biotechnological importance. In this context, we identified a cathepsin L-like (DCcathL1) from the Diaphorina citri transcriptome database and expressed the enzyme in E. coli. Quantitative real-time RT-PCR was conducted to determine DCcathL1 gene expression in different parts and developmental phases of the insect. We observed that DCcathL1 expression in the gut was 2.59 and 2.87-fold higher than in the head and carcass, respectively. Furthermore, DCcathL1 expression was greater in eggs than in nymphs and adults, suggesting a putative role of the enzyme in the embryonic development. In addition, enzymatic inhibitory activity using four recombinant Citrus cystatins were performed. Among them, CsinCPI-2 was the strongest DCcathL1 inhibitor with a Ki value of 0.005 nM. Our results may contribute in the development of strategies for D. citri control, such as silencing the DCcathL1 gene and the use of transgenic plants that overexpress peptidase inhibitors.
RESUMO
Exotic fruits and their co-products may be valuable sources of antioxidant dietary fibres (DF) which are useful for food industry and human health. In this study, we aimed to characterize DF obtained from guavira fruit pomace and investigate its antioxidant potential employing TEAC assay as well as a cell model. The DF were chemically characterized as containing arabinan, highly-methoxylated homogalacturonan and arabinogalactan. The DF-containing fraction (CPW) presented ABTS free radical scavenger activity. MTT and DCFH-DA assay were performed to assess, respectively, changes in cell viability and the potential intracellular antioxidant activity against H2O2-induced oxidative stress in murine NIH 3T3 fibroblast. CPW exhibited no effects on cell viability, moreover, when administered 48 h prior the induction of H2O2 toxic effects, it protected the cells, significantly increasing the cell viability compared to control. This protection may be related to the observed reduction of reactive oxygen species levels. Thus, the pre-treatment of cells with guavira DF for 48 h remarkably induced a cytoprotection against pro-oxidant conditions, and may be a valuable functional compound recovered from an unexploited agroindutrial waste.
Assuntos
Antioxidantes/análise , Antioxidantes/farmacologia , Fibras na Dieta/análise , Frutas/química , Animais , Sobrevivência Celular/efeitos dos fármacos , Fibroblastos/efeitos dos fármacos , Galactanos/química , Peróxido de Hidrogênio/toxicidade , Camundongos , Células NIH 3T3 , Estresse Oxidativo , Pectinas/química , Polissacarídeos/químicaRESUMO
Phytocystatins are plant cystatins that are related to several physiological processes regulating endogenous cysteine proteases involved in seed development and germination, programmed cell death and response to stress conditions. In addition, phytocystatins can act in plant defense against exogenous peptidases from herbivorous insects, pathogens and nematodes. Considering that Citrus fruits are important to human nutrition and represent a high value crop in worldwide agriculture, in the present work, we performed the identification of putative cystatins from Citrus sinensis and from Citrus clementine and submitted them to phylogenetic analysis. Six cystatins from each species were identified as orthologous and classified into three well supported phylogenetic groups. Five cystatins representative of the phylogenetic groups were recombinantly expressed and the in vitro studies revealed them to be potent inhibitors against the cysteine peptidases papain, legumain, human cathepsins (B, L, S, K) and a cathepsin B-like from Diaphorina citri (the Asian Citrus psyllid). Our findings provide the C. clementina and C. sinensis cystatins classification and an enzyme-inhibitor interactions profile, which may reflect an evolutionary process of Citrus cystatins related to gene functions as initial germination rates and seedlings development as well associated to plant defense against pathogens, as insects and nematodes.
Assuntos
Citrus sinensis/genética , Citrus/genética , Cistatinas/metabolismo , Proteínas de Plantas/metabolismo , Animais , Biotecnologia , Catepsinas/antagonistas & inibidores , Citrus/metabolismo , Citrus sinensis/metabolismo , Simulação por Computador , Cistatinas/genética , Inibidores de Cisteína Proteinase , Germinação , Humanos , Cinética , Funções Verossimilhança , Nematoides , Filogenia , Proteínas de Plantas/genética , Proteínas Recombinantes/genética , Proteínas Recombinantes/metabolismo , Sementes/metabolismoRESUMO
Cystatins are natural inhibitors of cysteine peptidases. Recently, cystatins derived from plants, named phytocystatins, have been extensively studied. Among them, CsinCPI-2 proteins from Citrus sinensis were identified and recombinantly produced by our group. Thus, this study described the recombinant expression, purification, and inhibitory activity of this new phytocystatin against human cathepsins K and B and assessed the anti-inflammatory effect of CsinCPI-2 in vitro in mouse and in vivo in rats. In addition, the pro-osteogenic effect of CsinCPI-2 was investigated in vitro. The inflammatory response of mouse macrophage cells stimulated with P. gingivalis was modulated by CsinCPI-2. The in vitro results showed an inhibitory effect (pâ¯<â¯0.05) on cathepsin K, cathepsin B, IL-1ß, and TNF-α gene expression. In addition, CsinCPI-2 significantly inhibited in vivo the activity of TNF-α (pâ¯<â¯0.05) in the blood of rats, previously stimulated by E. coli lipopolysaccharide (LPS). CsinCPI-2 had a pro-osteogenic effect in human dental pulp cells, demonstrated by the increase in alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, deposition of mineralized nodules, and the gene expression of the osteogenic markers as bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP-2), runt-related transcription factor 2 (Runx-2), ALP, osteocalcin, and bone sialoprotein (BSP). These preliminary studies suggested that CsinCPI-2 has a potential anti-inflammatory, and at the same time, a pro-osteogenic effect. This may lead to new therapies for the control of diseases where inflammation plays a key role, such as periodontal disease and apical periodontitis.
Assuntos
Antígenos de Diferenciação/biossíntese , Citrus/química , Cistatinas/farmacologia , Regulação da Expressão Gênica/efeitos dos fármacos , Macrófagos/metabolismo , Osteogênese/efeitos dos fármacos , Proteínas de Plantas/farmacologia , Animais , Cistatinas/química , Humanos , Macrófagos/patologia , Masculino , Camundongos , Proteínas de Plantas/química , Células RAW 264.7 , Ratos , Ratos WistarRESUMO
Guavira is a plant that belongs to Myrtaceae family, being widespread in the Brazilian Cerrado. In this study, pectic and hemicellulosic polysaccharides from guavira pomace, an agroindustry residue from pulp production, were structurally characterized using GPC, monosaccharide composition, methylation and NMR experiments. The absolute configurations of monosaccharides and the nature of uronic acids were attributed according to numerous data on the composition of related plant arabinogalactans and hemicelluloses present in the literature. An arabinan was purified, presenting Ara (85.0%), Rha (3.3%), Gal (7.7%) and GalA (4.0%). Mono and bidimensional NMR analyses of this arabinan demonstrated the presence of terminal ß-L-Araf units, whose occurrence has been scarcely reported in the literature. Hemicellulosic fraction contained a glucuronoxylan, with α-D-GlcpA/4-O-methyl-α-D-GlcpA group linked to O-2 of a (1â¯ââ¯4)-ß-D-xylan, presenting one uronic acid residue for every six xylose units. These findings about guavira pomace polysaccharides could contribute to develop future nutraceutical and technological uses for this industrial waste.
Assuntos
Frutas/química , Myrtaceae/química , Polissacarídeos/química , Xilanos/química , Polissacarídeos/isolamento & purificação , Xilanos/isolamento & purificaçãoRESUMO
A síndrome de Burnout caracteriza-se por um estado de esgotamento, decepção e perda do interesse pelo trabalho, produz sofrimento no indivíduo e tem consequências sobre o seu estado de saúde e o seu desempenho profissional. Acomete geralmente profissionais que trabalham em contato direto com pessoas, sendo predominante nos profissionais de saúde, como por exemplo, enfermeiros e profissionais da segurança pública, levando-os a desenvolver sentimentos de frustração, frieza e indiferença e sofrimento. O objetivo deste trabalho é identificar a prevalência do conflito entre trabalho e vida familiar em profissionais da área da saúde e segurança pública de determinada instituição governamental. Foi utilizado o método quantitativo para coleta de dados que contou com a participação de 25 pessoas, dentre estas médicos, técnicos de regulação médica, soldados e agentes. Conclui-se que ao confrontar as exigências do trabalho às do lar a necessidade de se estabelecer outra lógica de convivência qual foi imposta historicamente a homens e mulheres, que vai além de entendimento das demandas de trabalho e divisão de tarefas a fim de solucionar problemas para não transformar a relação família-trabalho em algo corrosivo e degradado.(AU)
Burnout syndrome is characterized by a state of exhaustion, disappointment and loss of interest in work, produces suffering in individual and has consequences on their health status and their professional performance. It is mostly professionals who work in direct contact with people, being prevalent in health professionals, such as nurses and public security, leading them to develop feelings of frustration, coldness and indifference and suffering. The objective of this work is to identify the prevalence of conflict between work and family life in professional health and public safety of a particular government institution. Method was used to collect quantitative data that was attended by 25 people from these doctors, technicians, medical regulation, soldiers and police. We conclude that in confronting the demands of work at home the need to establish another logic of coexistence which has been imposed historically men and women, that goes beyond understanding the demands of work and division of labor in order to solve problems not transform the work-family relationship into something corrosive and degraded.(AU)
El síndrome de Burnout se caracteriza por un estado de agotamiento, decepción y pérdida de interés en el trabajo, produce sufrimiento individual y tiene consecuencias sobre su estado de salud y su desempeño profesional. Es en su mayoría profesionales que trabajan en contacto directo con la gente, siendo frecuente en profesionales de la salud, como enfermeras y la seguridad pública, lo que lleva a desarrollar sentimientos de frustración, la frialdad y la indiferencia y el sufrimiento. El objetivo de este trabajo es identificar la prevalencia de los conflictos entre el trabajo y la vida familiar en el profesional de la salud y la seguridad pública de una institución gubernamental en particular. El método se utiliza para recoger datos cuantitativos que asistieron 25 personas de estos médicos, técnicos, regulación médica, soldados y policías. Llegamos a la conclusión de que para enfrentar las exigencias del trabajo en el país la necesidad de establecer otra lógica de la convivencia que se ha impuesto históricamente, los hombres y mujeres, que va más allá de la comprensión de las exigencias del trabajo y la división del trabajo con el fin de resolver los problemas no transformar la relación trabajo-familia en algo corrosivo y degradado.(AU)
Assuntos
Humanos , Esgotamento Profissional , FamíliaRESUMO
A síndrome de Burnout caracteriza-se por um estado de esgotamento, decepção e perda do interesse pelo trabalho, produz sofrimento no indivíduo e tem consequências sobre o seu estado de saúde e o seu desempenho profissional. Acomete geralmente profissionais que trabalham em contato direto com pessoas, sendo predominante nos profissionais de saúde, como por exemplo, enfermeiros e profissionais da segurança pública, levando-os a desenvolver sentimentos de frustração, frieza e indiferença e sofrimento. O objetivo deste trabalho é identificar a prevalência do conflito entre trabalho e vida familiar em profissionais da área da saúde e segurança pública de determinada instituição governamental. Foi utilizado o método quantitativo para coleta de dados que contou com a participação de 25 pessoas, dentre estas médicos, técnicos de regulação médica, soldados e agentes. Conclui-se que ao confrontar as exigências do trabalho às do lar a necessidade de se estabelecer outra lógica de convivência qual foi imposta historicamente a homens e mulheres, que vai além de entendimento das demandas de trabalho e divisão de tarefas a fim de solucionar problemas para não transformar a relação família- trabalho em algo corrosivo e degradado.(AU)
Burnout syndrome is characterized by a state of exhaustion, disappointment and loss of interest in work, produces suffering in individual and has consequences on their health status and their professional performance. It is mostly professionals who work in direct contact with people, being prevalent in health professionals, such as nurses and public security, leading them to develop feelings of frustration, coldness and indifference and suffering. The objective of this work is to identify the prevalence of conflict between work and family life in professional health and public safety of a particular government institution. Method was used to collect quantitative data that was attended by 25 people from these doctors, technicians, medical regulation, soldiers and police. We conclude that in confronting the demands of work at home the need to establish another logic of coexistence which has been imposed historically men and women, that goes beyond understanding the demands of work and division of labor in order to solve problems not transform the work-family relationship into something corrosive and degraded.(AU)
El síndrome de Burnout se caracteriza por un estado de agotamiento, decepción y pérdida de interés en el trabajo, produce sufrimiento individual y tiene consecuencias sobre su estado de salud y su desempeño profesional. Es en su mayoría profesionales que trabajan en contacto directo con la gente, siendo frecuente en profesionales de la salud, como enfermeras y la seguridad pública, lo que lleva a desarrollar sentimientos de frustración, la frialdad y la indiferencia y el sufrimiento. El objetivo de este trabajo es identificar la prevalencia de los conflictos entre el trabajo y la vida familiar en el profesional de la salud y la seguridad pública de una institución gubernamental en particular. El método se utiliza para recoger datos cuantitativos que asistieron 25 personas de estos médicos, técnicos, regulación médica, soldados y policías. Llegamos a la conclusión de que para enfrentar las exigencias del trabajo en el país la necesidad de establecer otra lógica de la convivencia que se ha impuesto históricamente, los hombres y mujeres, que va más allá de la comprensión de las exigencias del trabajo y la división del trabajo con el fin de resolver los problemas no transformar la relación trabajo-familia en algo corrosivo y degradado.(AU)
Assuntos
Humanos , Saúde Ocupacional , Estresse Ocupacional , Esgotamento Psicológico , Relações FamiliaresRESUMO
KEY MESSAGE: Transgenic sugarcane expressing CaneCPI-1 exhibits resistance to Sphenophorus levis larvae. Transgenic plants have widely been used to improve resistance against insect attack. Sugarcane is an economically important crop; however, great losses are caused by insect attack. Sphenophorus levis is a sugarcane weevil that digs tunnels in the stem base, leading to the destruction of the crop. This insect is controlled inefficiently by chemical insecticides. Transgenic plants expressing peptidase inhibitors represent an important strategy for impairing insect growth and development. Knowledge of the major peptidase group present in the insect gut is critical when choosing the most effective inhibitor. S. levis larvae use cysteine peptidases as their major digestive enzymes, primarily cathepsin L-like activity. In this study, we developed transgenic sugarcane plants that overexpress sugarcane cysteine peptidase inhibitor 1 (CaneCPI-1) and assessed their potential through feeding bioassays with S. levis larvae. Cystatin overexpression in the transgenic plants was evaluated using semi-quantitative RT-PCR, RT-qPCR, and immunoblot assays. A 50% reduction of the average weight was observed in larvae that fed on transgenic plants in comparison to larvae that fed on non-transgenic plants. In addition, transgenic sugarcane exhibited less damage caused by larval attack than the controls. Our results suggest that the overexpression of CaneCPI-1 in sugarcane is a promising strategy for improving resistance against this insect.
Assuntos
Proteínas de Plantas/metabolismo , Saccharum/genética , Gorgulhos/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Animais , Bioensaio , Immunoblotting , Larva , Proteínas de Plantas/genética , Plantas Geneticamente Modificadas , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase em Tempo RealRESUMO
Huanglonbing (HLB) is one of the most destructive disease affecting citrus plants. The causal agent is associated with the phloem-limited bacterium Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus (CLas) and the psyllid Diaphorina citri, vector of disease, that transmits the bacterium associated with HLB. The control of disease can be achieved by suppressing either the bacterium or the vector. Among the control strategies for HLB disease, one of the widely used consists in controlling the enzymes of the disease vector, Diaphorina citri. The insect Diaphorina citri belongs to the order Hemiptera, which frequently have cysteine peptidases in the gut. The importance of this class of enzymes led us to search for enzymes in the D. citri transcriptome for the establishment of alternatives strategies for HLB control. In this study, we reported the identification and characterization of a cathepsin B-like cysteine peptidase from D. citri (DCcathB). DCcathB was recombinantly expressed in Pichia pastoris, presenting a molecular mass of approximately 50 kDa. The enzyme hydrolyzed the fluorogenic substrate Z-F-R-AMC (Km = 23.5 µM) and the selective substrate for cathepsin B, Z-R-R-AMC (Km = 6.13 µM). The recombinant enzyme was inhibited by the cysteine protease inhibitors E64 (IC50 = 0.014 µM) and CaneCPI-4 (Ki = 0.05 nM) and by the selective cathepsin B inhibitor CA-074 (IC50 = 0.095 nM). RT-qPCR analysis revealed that the expression of the DCcathB in nymph and adult was approximately 9-fold greater than in egg. Moreover, the expression of this enzyme in the gut was 175-fold and 3333-fold higher than in the remaining tissues and in the head, respectively, suggesting that DCcathB can be a target for HLB control.