RESUMO
From 2009 to 2015, 74 lungs from suckling (6.8%), nursing (70.3%), fattening (20.3%) pigs and pregnant sows (2.7%) with respiratory signs from pig farms in Southern Brazil were submitted to a diagnostic laboratory for necropsy and/or histologic examination and screening for respiratory agents by RT-qPCR, immunohistochemistry (IHC), virus isolation (VI) and subtyping for influenza A virus (IAV), IHC and nested PCR for Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae (Mhyo), PCR for porcine circovirus 2 (PCV2), RT-qPCR for porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) and bacterial culture. All lung samples were positive for IAV using RT-qPCR. Seventy-two lungs had histologic lesions associated with acute to subacute IAV infection characterized by necrotizing bronchiolitis/bronchitis or bronchointerstitial pneumonia with lymphocytic peribronchiolitis and bronchiolar/bronchial hyperplasia, respectively. Forty-nine lungs (66.2%) were positive by IHC for IAV nucleoprotein. The H1N1/2009 was the most common subtype and the only IAV detected in 58.1% of lungs, followed by H1N2 (9.5%) and H3N2 (6.8%). Coinfection of IAV and Mhyo was seen in 23 (31%) cases. Although 14.9% of the lungs were positive for PCV2 using PCR, no suggestive lesions of PCV2 disease were observed. Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) was not detected, consistent with the PRRS-free status of Brazil. Secondary bacterial infections (8/38) were associated with suppurative bronchopneumonia and/or pleuritis. Primary IAV infection with Mhyo coinfection was the most common agents found in porcine respiratory disease complex (PRDC) in pigs in Southern Brazil.
Assuntos
Vírus da Influenza A Subtipo H1N1 , Infecções por Orthomyxoviridae/veterinária , Doenças Respiratórias/veterinária , Doenças dos Suínos/virologia , Animais , Brasil/epidemiologia , Circovirus/isolamento & purificação , Pulmão/microbiologia , Pulmão/patologia , Pulmão/virologia , Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae/isolamento & purificação , Infecções por Orthomyxoviridae/epidemiologia , Infecções por Orthomyxoviridae/virologia , Vírus da Síndrome Respiratória e Reprodutiva Suína/isolamento & purificação , Doenças Respiratórias/epidemiologia , Doenças Respiratórias/virologia , Suínos , Doenças dos Suínos/epidemiologiaRESUMO
The occurrence of rabies virus antigenic variants in North and Central West regions of Brazil was studied using 61 rabies viruses isolated from different species: 30 from domestic dogs, 20 from cattle, four from horses, two from cats, one from a human and four from unidentified species. The isolates were submitted to antigenic analyses by indirect immunofluorescence with a panel of 12 monoclonal antibodies (Mabs) to lyssavirus antigens. Antigenic analyses revealed consistent differences between isolates whose natural hosts were dogs and those of haematophagous bats, often isolated from cattle. Three out of four isolates from horses and one from a domestic dog showed patterns of reactivity found only in viruses of insectivorous bats, indicating that non-haematophagous bats do play a unique role in the transmission of the virus to other species.(AU)
Assuntos
Animais , Vírus da Raiva/isolamento & purificação , Anticorpos Monoclonais , Variação AntigênicaRESUMO
The occurrence of rabies virus antigenic variants in North and Central West regions of Brazil was studied using 61 rabies viruses isolated from different species: 30 from domestic dogs, 20 from cattle, four from horses, two from cats, one from a human and four from unidentified species. The isolates were submitted to antigenic analyses by indirect immunofluorescence with a panel of 12 monoclonal antibodies (Mabs) to lyssavirus antigens. Antigenic analyses revealed consistent differences between isolates whose natural hosts were dogs and those of haematophagous bats, often isolated from cattle. Three out of four isolates from horses and one from a domestic dog showed patterns of reactivity found only in viruses of insectivorous bats, indicating that non-haematophagous bats do play a unique role in the transmission of the virus to other species.
Assuntos
Animais , Anticorpos Monoclonais , Variação Antigênica , Vírus da Raiva/isolamento & purificaçãoRESUMO
Despite the recognized stability of rabies virus, differences among isolates from different species have been found. This work was carried out with the aim to identify antigenic and genomic differences in Brazilian rabies virus isolates and to verify whether such alterations would bear any relationship with the different hosts for the virus in nature. For that, 79 Brazilian rabies viruses isolated from different host species and from distinct regions within Brazil were submitted to antigenic characterization with a panel of 11 monoclonal antibodies (Mabs) directed to lyssavirus antigens and to genomic analyses by the reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) amplification of the N gene followed by restriction endonuclease analysis (REA). In addition, the nucleotide sequences of part of the N gene (225 bp) of seven isolates, taken as representative of the majority of the viruses under study, were determined. The analyses with the Mabs and RT-PCR/REA allowed the identification of two major groups of variants, the first formed by most isolates of cattle and bats and the second formed by viruses of dog origin. Partial sequencing of the N gene confirmed the similarity among isolates from cattle origin and those of vampire bats. However, viruses from non-haematophagous bats exhibited consistent differences from those of vampire bat isolates. Such findings suggest that the variants have evolved fairly stable modifications, which are not altered after passage in a dead-end host of a distinct species. No association could be established between antigenic or genomic alterations and geographic distribution of the isolates, which suggests that evolution of the virus has been directed to adaptation to the host species.
Assuntos
Doenças dos Bovinos/virologia , Quirópteros/virologia , Doenças do Cão/virologia , Vírus da Raiva/genética , Raiva/veterinária , Sequência de Aminoácidos , Animais , Variação Antigênica/genética , Sequência de Bases , Brasil , Bovinos , Cães , Técnica Direta de Fluorescência para Anticorpo/veterinária , Dados de Sequência Molecular , Proteínas do Nucleocapsídeo/química , Proteínas do Nucleocapsídeo/genética , Filogenia , RNA Viral/química , RNA Viral/genética , Raiva/virologia , Vírus da Raiva/classificação , Vírus da Raiva/imunologia , Vírus da Raiva/isolamento & purificação , Mapeamento por Restrição/veterinária , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase Via Transcriptase Reversa/veterinária , Alinhamento de SequênciaRESUMO
O perfil antigênico de 45 herpesvírus (44 de bovinos, sendo seis amostras de referência de BHV-1 e 15 prováveis BHV-1; três amostras de referência de BHV-5 e 20 prováveis BHV-5) e uma amostra de herpesvírus bubalino (BuHV) foi examinado com um painel de anticorpos monoclonais (Acms) produzidos contra antígenos de herpesvírus bovinos. Para os exames, foi utilizada a prova de imunoperoxidase (IPX) sobre cultivos de células infectadas, tendo os Acms como anticorpos primários. A determinação dos padrões de reatividade das amostras de vírus frente aos Acms permitiu a diferenciação entre os tipos 1 e 5. Todas as amostras isoladas de casos de encefalite apresentaram perfil de BHV-5. Quatro amostras de BHV-5 isoladas de áreas geograficamente distintas apresentaram perfís de reatividade diferenciados em relação às demais amostras do tipo 5. Duas amostras de vírus com perfil antigênico de BHV-5 foram isoladas de sêmen de animais infectados. Estes resultados comprovam a utilidade da caracterização antigênica com este painel de Acms na tipagem de amostras de BHV-1 e BHV-5 (AU)
Assuntos
Animais , Herpesvirus Bovino 1 , Herpesvirus Bovino 5 , Anticorpos MonoclonaisRESUMO
O perfil antigênico de 45 herpesvírus (44 de bovinos, sendo seis amostras de referência de BHV-1 e 15 prováveis BHV-1; três amostras de referência de BHV-5 e 20 prováveis BHV-5) e uma amostra de herpesvírus bubalino (BuHV) foi examinado com um painel de anticorpos monoclonais (Acms) produzidos contra antígenos de herpesvírus bovinos. Para os exames, foi utilizada a prova de imunoperoxidase (IPX) sobre cultivos de células infectadas, tendo os Acms como anticorpos primários. A determinaçäo dos padröes de reatividade das amostras de vírus frente aos Acms permitiu a diferenciaçäo entre os tipos 1 e 5. Todas as amostras isoladas de casos de encefalite apresentaram perfil de BHV-5. Quatro amostras de BHV-5 isoladas de áreas geograficamente distintas apresentaram perfís de reatividade diferenciados em relaçäo às demais amostras do tipo 5. Duas amostras de vírus com perfil antigênico de BHV-5 foram isoladas de sêmen de animais infectados. Estes resultados comprovam a utilidade da caracterizaçäo antigênica com este painel de Acms na tipagem de amostras de BHV-1 e BHV-5
Assuntos
Animais , Anticorpos Monoclonais , Herpesvirus Bovino 1 , Herpesvirus Bovino 5RESUMO
The antitumor effects produced by combinations of cisplatin (Pt), substituted dithiocarbamates (dimethyldithiocarbamate [DmDTC] and sodium N-methyl-D-glucamine dithiocarbamate [NMGDTC]) and hyperthermia (H) were measured and compared to those produced by single agents alone in C3H/HeN mice bearing the transplantable radiation-induced fibrosarcoma, RIF-1, in one or both hind feet. The average tumor volumes of control and treatment groups were compared periodically after treatment with H. Combinations of H and Pt completely resolved established foot tumors in 10/13 mice. However, evidence of long-term nephrotoxicity and gastrointestinal (GI) toxicity became evident causing death of these mice within 120 to 122 days after tumor inoculation. Hyperthermia plus DmDTC resolved tumors in heated and non-heated feet in 3/8 mice, thus demonstrating both ipsilateral and contralateral anti-tumor activity. Furthermore, H-Pt-NMGDTC produced complete tumor resolution in 7/13 mice; these mice survived and were tumor-free 180 days post inoculation and autopsies revealed no appreciable nephro- or GI toxicity. In addition, 4/8 mice underwent complete tumor resolution in heated left feet plus dramatic retarding of tumor growth in unheated right feet (ipsilateral and contralateral anti-tumor effects). Five heat-treated left foot tumors resolved in the H-Pt-DmDTC group with one mouse demonstrating resolution of tumor in both feet. Advanced foot tumors were treated with H-DmDTC and H-Pt-DmDTC. Hyperthermia and Pt were administered on day 0 of the experiment and DmDTC on days 0 through 3; dramatic tumor shrinkage continued through day 6 for a total of 75 to 80 percent reduction of tumor volume in both groups. The concurrent administration of DmDTC or NMGDTC with H and Pt prevented or greatly reduced nephrotoxicity and GI toxicity in all experiments without retarding anti-tumor efficacy.
Assuntos
Antineoplásicos/uso terapêutico , Protocolos de Quimioterapia Combinada Antineoplásica/uso terapêutico , Cisplatino/uso terapêutico , Fibrossarcoma/terapia , Hipertermia Induzida , Tiocarbamatos/uso terapêutico , Animais , Antineoplásicos/administração & dosagem , Cisplatino/administração & dosagem , Terapia Combinada , Feminino , Fibrossarcoma/tratamento farmacológico , Fibrossarcoma/patologia , Camundongos , Camundongos Endogâmicos C3H , Tiocarbamatos/administração & dosagemRESUMO
I. In a study of 100 duodenal ulcer patients in rural Haiti, pyloric obstruction was present initially in nine per cent, but later developed in an additional 20 per cent. This high incidence of obstruction is similar to that observed in other tropicla populations in Africa and India. II. Standardized tests for basal and stimulated acid secretion in a small group of duodenal ulcer patients in rural Haiti were not elevated. The implication of the study is that either the test must be modified for different populations or the role of acid secretion in the pathogenesis of the disease questioned.