RESUMO
Resumo O objetivo deste artigo é analisar as causas de internações da FASE do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul e a sua relação com a mortalidade de adolescentes egressos entre os anos de 2002 a 2014. Estudo observacional realizado com o banco de dados de adolescentes privados de liberdade nas unidades da FASE-RS de Porto Alegre, desligados nos anos de 2002 a 2012 (n = 8290). Informações sobre data de desligamento, ato infracional, tempo de internação e variáveis biológicas foram obtidas de banco de dados. Essa amostra foi comparada com o Sistema de Verificação de Óbitos da Secretaria Estadual de Saúde para analisar a mortalidade entre os anos de 2002 e 2014. Os adolescentes foram internados predominantemente por atos infracionais de cunho patrimonial e ligados a entorpecentes, os quais sofreram um aumento de aproximadamente 700% no período. O desfecho óbito associou-se (p < 0,001) às variáveis gênero masculino e número de entradas (≥ 3). Essa amostra apresentou alta taxa de mortalidade sendo a principal causa homicídio. Os achados evidenciam o alto grau de vulnerabilidade psicossocial dos egressos do sistema penal juvenil de internação. Nota-se uma associação entre crimes de baixo poder ofensivo e altas taxas de mortalidade pós-liberdade.
Abstract The objective of this article is to analyze the detention of youth offenders involved in the juvenile justice system in the State of Rio Grande do Sul (FASE-RS), the reason for detention, and mortality among former young offenders. We conducted an observational study with youth offenders discharged from facilities run by FASE-RS in Porto Alegre between 2002 and 2012 (n = 8,290). We collected the following information: date of discharge, offence committed, skin color, gender, and duration of detention. The data was crosschecked with data from the state's Mortality Information System to identify deaths among former young offenders up to December 2014. The predominant offences were crimes against property and drug-related crimes. The large majority of youth detained for drug-related offences were admitted for offences related to drug trafficking. There was a seven-fold increase in drug-related offences over the period. Death was associated (p<0.001) with being male and number of reentries (>3). The sample's mortality rate was high and the main cause of death was homicide. The findings suggest that young offenders face high levels of psychosocial vulnerability. There was an association between minor crimes and high rates of mortality among former young offenders.
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Adolescente , Criminosos , Delinquência Juvenil , Brasil/epidemiologia , Homicídio , HospitalizaçãoRESUMO
The objective of this article is to analyze the detention of youth offenders involved in the juvenile justice system in the State of Rio Grande do Sul (FASE-RS), the reason for detention, and mortality among former young offenders. We conducted an observational study with youth offenders discharged from facilities run by FASE-RS in Porto Alegre between 2002 and 2012 (n = 8,290). We collected the following information: date of discharge, offence committed, skin color, gender, and duration of detention. The data was crosschecked with data from the state's Mortality Information System to identify deaths among former young offenders up to December 2014. The predominant offences were crimes against property and drug-related crimes. The large majority of youth detained for drug-related offences were admitted for offences related to drug trafficking. There was a seven-fold increase in drug-related offences over the period. Death was associated (p<0.001) with being male and number of reentries (>3). The sample's mortality rate was high and the main cause of death was homicide. The findings suggest that young offenders face high levels of psychosocial vulnerability. There was an association between minor crimes and high rates of mortality among former young offenders.
O objetivo deste artigo é analisar as causas de internações da FASE do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul e a sua relação com a mortalidade de adolescentes egressos entre os anos de 2002 a 2014. Estudo observacional realizado com o banco de dados de adolescentes privados de liberdade nas unidades da FASE-RS de Porto Alegre, desligados nos anos de 2002 a 2012 (n = 8290). Informações sobre data de desligamento, ato infracional, tempo de internação e variáveis biológicas foram obtidas de banco de dados. Essa amostra foi comparada com o Sistema de Verificação de Óbitos da Secretaria Estadual de Saúde para analisar a mortalidade entre os anos de 2002 e 2014. Os adolescentes foram internados predominantemente por atos infracionais de cunho patrimonial e ligados a entorpecentes, os quais sofreram um aumento de aproximadamente 700% no período. O desfecho óbito associou-se (p < 0,001) às variáveis gênero masculino e número de entradas (≥ 3). Essa amostra apresentou alta taxa de mortalidade sendo a principal causa homicídio. Os achados evidenciam o alto grau de vulnerabilidade psicossocial dos egressos do sistema penal juvenil de internação. Nota-se uma associação entre crimes de baixo poder ofensivo e altas taxas de mortalidade pós-liberdade.
Assuntos
Criminosos , Delinquência Juvenil , Adolescente , Brasil/epidemiologia , Homicídio , Hospitalização , Humanos , MasculinoRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To assess HIV testing rate and determine risk factors for not have been tested during pregnancy. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was carried out in Porto Alegre, Southern Brazil, from December 2000 to February 2001. Socioeconomic, maternal and healthcare variables were obtained by means of a standardized questionnaire. Crude and adjusted odds ratios and their 95% confidence intervals were obtained in logistic regression models. RESULTS: A total of 1,642 mothers were interviewed. Of them, 94.3% reported being offered HIV testing before or during pregnancy or during labor; 89 mothers (5.4%) were not tested or did not know if they were tested. Attending fewer than six prenatal visits, being single and younger than 18 years old were relevant barriers preventing HIV testing. There was found a relationship between maternal schooling and the category of prenatal care provider. Having low 22.20 (12.43-39.67) or high 3.38 (1.86-7.68). schooling and being cared in the private sector strongly reduced the likelihood of being HIV tested. CONCLUSIONS: The Brazilian Health Ministry's recommendation for universal counseling and HIV testing has been successfully implemented in the public sector. In order to improve HIV testing coverage, new strategies need to target women cared in the private sector especially those of low schooling.
Assuntos
Sorodiagnóstico da AIDS/estatística & dados numéricos , Acessibilidade aos Serviços de Saúde , Complicações Infecciosas na Gravidez/diagnóstico , Cuidado Pré-Natal/estatística & dados numéricos , Adolescente , Adulto , Brasil , Métodos Epidemiológicos , Feminino , Infecções por HIV/diagnóstico , Humanos , Gravidez , Fatores SocioeconômicosRESUMO
OBJETIVO: Avaliar o padrão de realização do teste para a detecção do HIV e os fatores de risco para a sua não realização durante a gestação. MÉTODOS: Trata-se de um estudo transversal realizado em Porto Alegre, de dezembro de 2000 a fevereiro de 2001. Foram obtidas de puérperas variáveis biológicas, demográficas e sociais por meio de questionário padronizado. Foi elaborado modelo de regressão logística para determinar os fatores risco para não ser testada para a detecção do HIV. RESULTADOS: Foram entrevistadas 1.642 mães. Destas, 94,3 por cento informaram testadas para o HIV. Oitenta e nove (5,4 por cento) não foram testadas para HIV ou não sabiam se haviam feito o teste. Realizar menos do que seis consultas pré-natais, ausência de companheiro e idade inferior a 18 anos foram fatores de risco para não realização do teste. Houve interação entre escolaridade materna e categoria do atendimento pré-natal. Baixa escolaridade 22,20 (12,43-39,67) e alta escolaridade 3,38 (1,86-7,68) com acompanhamento pré-natal no setor privado foram condições preponderantes para não realização do teste de detecção do HIV. CONCLUSÕES: A testagem universal para a detecção do HIV durante o pré-natal no setor público foi implementada com sucesso pelo Ministério da Saúde. Contudo, novas intervenções e estratégias necessitam ser direcionadas objetivando ampliar o acesso ao diagnóstico da infecção por HIV no setor privado.
Assuntos
Feminino , Gravidez , Humanos , Anticorpos Anti-HIV , Cuidado Pré-Natal , Gravidez , Infecções por HIV/diagnósticoRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: Voluntary HIV counseling and testing are provided to all Brazilian pregnant women with the purpose of reducing mother-to-child HIV transmission. The purpose of the study was to assess characteristics of HIV testing and identify factors associated with HIV counseling and testing. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was carried out comprising 1,658 mothers living in Porto Alegre, Brazil. Biological, reproductive and social variables were obtained from mothers by means of a standardized questionnaire. Being counseling about HIV testing was the dependent variable. Confidence intervals, chi-square test and hierarchical logistic model were used to determine the association between counseling and maternal variables. RESULTS: Of 1,658 mothers interviewed, 1,603 or 96.7% (95% CI: 95.7-97.5) underwent HIV testing, and 51 or 3.1% (95% CI: 2.3-4.0) were not tested. Four (0.2%) refused to undergo testing after counseling. Of 51 women not tested in this study, 30 had undergone the testing previously. Of 1,603 women tested, 630 or 39.3% (95% CI: 36.9-41.7) received counseling, 947 or 59.2% (95% CI: 56.6-61.5) did not, and 26 (1.6%) did not inform. Low income, lack of prenatal care, late beginning of prenatal care, use of rapid testing, and receiving prenatal in the public sector were variables independently associated with a lower probability of getting counseling about HIV testing. CONCLUSIONS: The study findings confirmed the high rate of prenatal HIV testing in Porto Alegre. However, women coming from less privileged social groups were less likely to receive information and benefit from counseling.
Assuntos
Aconselhamento , Infecções por HIV/diagnóstico , Complicações Infecciosas na Gravidez/diagnóstico , Cuidado Pré-Natal , Adolescente , Adulto , Brasil , Estudos Transversais , Feminino , Infecções por HIV/transmissão , Humanos , Transmissão Vertical de Doenças Infecciosas/prevenção & controle , Gravidez , Complicações Infecciosas na Gravidez/virologia , Diagnóstico Pré-Natal , Programas VoluntáriosRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: Voluntary HIV counseling and testing are provided to all Brazilian pregnant women with the purpose of reducing mother-to-child HIV transmission. The purpose of the study was to assess characteristics of HIV testing and identify factors associated with HIV counseling and testing. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was carried out comprising 1,658 mothers living in Porto Alegre, Brazil. Biological, reproductive and social variables were obtained from mothers by means of a standardized questionnaire. Being counseling about HIV testing was the dependent variable. Confidence intervals, chi-square test and hierarchical logistic model were used to determine the association between counseling and maternal variables. RESULTS: Of 1,658 mothers interviewed, 1,603 or 96.7 percent (95 percent CI: 95.7-97.5) underwent HIV testing, and 51 or 3.1 percent (95 percent CI: 2.3-4.0) were not tested. Four (0.2 percent) refused to undergo testing after counseling. Of 51 women not tested in this study, 30 had undergone the testing previously. Of 1,603 women tested, 630 or 39.3 percent (95 percent CI: 36.9-41.7) received counseling, 947 or 59.2 percent (95 percent CI: 56.6-61.5) did not, and 26 (1.6 percent) did not inform. Low income, lack of prenatal care, late beginning of prenatal care, use of rapid testing, and receiving prenatal in the public sector were variables independently associated with a lower probability of getting counseling about HIV testing. CONCLUSIONS: The study findings confirmed the high rate of prenatal HIV testing in Porto Alegre. However, women coming from less privileged social groups were less likely to receive information and benefit from counseling.